A low-kiloelectronvolt focused ion beam strategy for processing low-thermal-conductance materials with nanoampere currents

• Annalena Wolff,
• Nico Klingner,
• William Thompson,
• Yinghong Zhou,
• Jinying Lin and
• Yin Xiao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1197–1207, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.97

• acceleration voltage) directly allows the ion beam-induced temperature increases per scan point to be minimized. Materials with a low thermal conductivity such as polymers or biological samples, for example, skin with a thermal conductivity of 0.29 W·m−1·K−1 [21], will show excessive increases in temperature

• though this is not expected to be necessary in the case of processing collagen, further reducing the ion beam-induced heating by lowering the beam current and blurring the beam might be required for some polymers or biological samples that have a lower thermal conductivity than skin. Comparison of

• ion energies can be found throughout the literature [25][26]. Heating has not been observed when working with frozen hydrated samples. The thermal conductivity of ice is 2–3 W·m−1·K−1 [27]. FIB-induced heat damage would not be expected for cryo FIB processes, since the thermal conductivity of cryo

Photocatalytic methane oxidation over a TiO₂/SiNWs p–n junction catalyst at room temperature

• Qui Thanh Hoai Ta,
• Luan Minh Nguyen,
• Ngoc Hoi Nguyen,
• Phan Khanh Thinh Nguyen and
• Dai Hai Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1132–1141, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.92

• experiments. Photocatalytic tests The as-synthesized catalyst was placed in a custom-made batch reactor with a small transparent quartz window, which was directly connected to a gas chromatograph (GC) with thermal conductivity and flame ionization detectors. A 300 W Xenon lamp was utilized as a light source

Direct electron beam writing of silver using a β-diketonate precursor: first insights

• Katja Höflich,
• Krzysztof Maćkosz,
• Chinmai S. Jureddy,
• Aleksei Tsarapkin and
• Ivo Utke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1117–1124, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.90

• energy for migration. The difference between planar and spot deposit is the thickness of the deposit itself. While the silicon substrate suppresses beam-induced heating because of its high thermal conductivity, the deposit itself is most probably a bad heat conductor [39]. Consequently, a temperature

Interface properties of nanostructured carbon-coated biological implants: an overview

• Mattia Bartoli,
• Francesca Cardano,
• Erik Piatti,
• Stefania Lettieri,
• Andrea Fin and
• Alberto Tagliaferro

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1041–1053, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.85

• rings, which prevents planar deformations [33]. The same phenomenon explains the high thermal conductivity of up to 3000 W·m−1·K−1 [34][35] and the outstanding electrical properties [36][37][38]. Compared to conventional 3D materials, the understanding of electronic transport and carrier dynamics in

• those of individual CNTs [71]. Nanodiamonds NDs are a carbon allotrope composed by sp3-hybridized carbon atoms arranged in a tetrahedral crystalline lattice structure [72]. The structure is accountable for the high thermal conductivity due to efficient heat conduction through phonon vibrations, which

• can reach 550 W·m−1·K−1 after sintering at high pressure [73]. Nevertheless, surface defects and the granular shape of the NDs represent boundaries for phonon transport reducing the thermal energy propagation [74]. Furthermore, the thermal conductivity of NDs increases with the increment of

Bolometric IR photoresponse based on a 3D micro-nano integrated CNT architecture

• Yasameen Al-Mafrachi,
• Sandeep Yadav,
• Sascha Preu,
• Jörg J. Schneider and
• Oktay Yilmazoglu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1030–1040, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.84

• thermistor region, can be fabricated in a single chemical vapor deposition process step. The thermistor resistance is mainly determined by the high junction resistances of the adjacent aligned CNTs. This configuration also provides low lateral thermal conductivity and a high temperature coefficient of

• for non-cryogenic IR microbolometer technology, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have emerged as highly promising candidates [2] with broadband blackbody absorption [3], high resistance perpendicular to the CNT orientation [4], low lateral thermal conductivity [5], a high temperature coefficient of resistance

• applications [3]. The device resistance perpendicular to the CNT orientation is mainly determined by the high junction resistances of the neighboring aligned CNTs [4]. This configuration allows for high device resistance, low thermal conductivity, and high temperature coefficient of resistance, thus, enabling

Functional fibrillar interfaces: Biological hair as inspiration across scales

• Guillermo J. Amador,
• Brett Klaassen van Oorschot,
• Caiying Liao,
• Jianing Wu and
• Da Wei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 664–677, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.55

• experience is only ≈10−5 °C [37]. Additionally, even if a cell of the same size was capable of maintaining a 10-µm-thick air layer (with thermal conductivity of 3 × 10−3 W·m−1·K−1) along its surface, following steady-state one-dimensional heat conduction, it could still only experience a temperature

Modification of graphene oxide and its effect on properties of natural rubber/graphene oxide nanocomposites

• Nghiem Thi Thuong,
• Le Dinh Quang,
• Vu Quoc Cuong,
• Cao Hong Ha,
• Nguyen Ba Lam and
• Seiichi Kawahara

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 168–179, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.16

• also attracted significant interest. This material with exceptionally high specific surface area, high mechanical properties, and high thermal conductivity is expected to prepare high-performance rubber composites [21][22][23]. In our recent work [24], we successfully designed a DPNR/GO composite by

Experimental investigation of usage of POE lubricants with Al₂O₃, graphene or CNT nanoparticles in a refrigeration compressor

• Kayhan Dağıdır and
• Kemal Bilen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1041–1058, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.86

• nanoparticles at different concentrations. They found that the addition of nanoparticles enhanced the thermophysical properties and heat transfer characteristics of the lubricant. The researchers specified that nanolubricants typically provide greater thermal conductivity and viscosity in comparison to pure

• lubricants [2]. Sanukrishna and Prakash [3] experimentally investigated the thermophysical properties of a nanolubricant containing TiO2 nanoparticles for volume fractions of 0.07 to 0.8% in a temperature range of 20 to 90 °C. The results showed that the thermal conductivity and viscosity of the

• that the thermal conductivity and viscosity of the nanolubricant increased with the increase in mass fraction at a constant temperature. This capability in thermal conductivity enhancement can aid in addressing heat transfer issues within systems. Due to the fact that heat transfer takes place at the

A graphene quantum dots–glassy carbon electrode-based electrochemical sensor for monitoring malathion

• Sanju Tanwar,
• Aditi Sharma and
• Dhirendra Mathur

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 701–710, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.56

• application of electrochemical methods in detection of pesticides has already been extensively studied [9][10][11][12][13]. Nanomaterials are ideal for electrochemical sensing because of their unique properties such as high chemical stability, thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity, and large surface

Titania nanoparticles for photocatalytic degradation of ethanol under simulated solar light

• Evghenii Goncearenco,
• Iuliana P. Morjan,
• Claudiu Teodor Fleaca,
• Florian Dumitrache,
• Elena Dutu,
• Monica Scarisoreanu,
• Valentin Serban Teodorescu,
• Alexandra Sandulescu,
• Crina Anastasescu and
• Ioan Balint

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 616–630, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.51

• AM 1.5 solar light (1000 W/m2) was provided by a Peccell L01 solar simulator. For each test, 200 µL gas samples were taken from the photoreactor every 30 min and analyzed with two gas chromatographs equipped with either a flame ionization detector (FID, Agilent 7890A) or a thermal conductivity

Thermal transport in kinked nanowires through simulation

• Alexander N. Robillard,
• Graham W. Gibson and
• Ralf Meyer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 586–602, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.49

• Fourier model. Keywords: ballistic transport; kinked nanowire; molecular dynamics; phonon Monte Carlo; thermal transport; Introduction The thermal conductivity of semiconductor nanostructures is of great interest because of potential applications in a wide variety of fields, such as thermal control

• for unfettered ballistic phonon transit, suppressing the contribution to thermal transport. Heron et al. [23] found that nanowires with square serpentines with dimensions of a few hundred nanometers exhibit reductions in thermal conductivity of the order of 20–40%. Zhang et al. found that, in boron

• transport, thus reducing the conductance (or equivalently, increasing the thermal resistance) for the same temperature difference. Works on serpentine nanowires show similar behaviour [22], with thermal conductivity asymptotically approaching a constant (which is analogous to an inverse proportionality for

On the use of Raman spectroscopy to characterize mass-produced graphene nanoplatelets

• Keith R. Paton,
• Konstantinos Despotelis,
• Naresh Kumar,
• Piers Turner and
• Andrew J. Pollard

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 509–521, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.42

• materials [5], offering an array of products with a wide range of properties such as improved mechanical strength and higher thermal conductivity. To accelerate the further development and adoption of GR2Ms, it is critical to develop reliable and standardized methods to characterize the materials being

Molecular nanoarchitectonics: unification of nanotechnology and molecular/materials science

• Katsuhiko Ariga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 434–453, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.35

• both metallic and semiconducting properties. These networks have been applied to thermoelectric materials and have been found to exhibit low interplane thermal conductivity, which is not typical of carbon materials, while maintaining the interplane electrical conductivity. Müllen, Fuchs, Chi, and co

Plasmonic nanotechnology for photothermal applications – an evaluation

• A. R. Indhu,
• L. Keerthana and
• Gnanaprakash Dharmalingam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 380–419, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.33

• specific heat, k is the thermal conductivity, T is the temperature, t is the time, and is the rate of heat generation (or depletion) per unit volume. The Laplacian ∇2 represents the temporal change in the temperature variation of the material. The rate of heat generation or depletion, , is arrived at from

• volume fraction of the particles, Tm is the melting temperature, Tc is the temperature of the cooling fluid, W is the thickness of the compartment holding the n-PCM, kw is the conductivity of the wall, and k′ is the conductivity of the PCM. The thermal conductivity of the plasmonically enhanced PCM

• thermal conductivity and absorption power of the surrounding medium. The temperature increase in the metal nanoparticles (ΔTNP) and thermal capacitance coefficient can be calculated using the following equation [96]: I is the illumination intensity of the laser source, σabs is the absorption cross section

A cantilever-based, ultrahigh-vacuum, low-temperature scanning probe instrument for multidimensional scanning force microscopy

• Hao Liu,
• Zuned Ahmed,
• Sasa Vranjkovic,
• Manfred Parschau,
• Andrada-Oana Mandru and
• Hans J. Hug

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1120–1140, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.95

• nitrogen (LN2) container and an additional heat shield, which is passively cooled by the evaporating He gases of the LHe tank (Figure 2a). The microscope is surrounded by two shields (a Au-plated oxygen-free high thermal conductivity (OFHC) copper LHe shield and an Al LN2 shield) of which there is an inner

Comparative molecular dynamics simulations of thermal conductivities of aqueous and hydrocarbon nanofluids

• Adil Loya,
• Antash Najib,
• Fahad Aziz,
• Asif Khan,
• Guogang Ren and
• Kun Luo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 620–628, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.54

• experimental data. Highly concurrent trends were achieved for the obtained results. According to the obtained results of MDS, adding CuO nanoparticles increased the thermal conductivity of water by 25% (from 0.6 to 0.75 W·m−1·K−1). However, by adding these nanoparticles to hydrocarbon-based fluids (i.e

• ., alkane) the thermal conductivity was increased three times (from 0.1 to 0.4 W·m−1·K−1). This approach to determine the thermal conductivity of metal oxide nanoparticles in aqueous and nonaqueous fluids using visual molecular dynamics and interactive autocorrelations demonstrate a great tool to quantify

• thermophysical properties of nanofluids using a simulation environment. Moreover, this comparison introduces data on aqueous and nonaqueous suspensions in one study. Keywords: alkanes; aqueous solutions; CuO; hydrocarbon solutions; molecular dynamics simulation; nanoparticles; thermal conductivity

Design aspects of Bi₂Sr₂CaCu₂O_8+δ THz sources: optimization of thermal and radiative properties

• Mikhail M. Krasnov,
• Natalia D. Novikova,
• Roger Cattaneo,
• Alexey A. Kalenyuk and
• Vladimir M. Krasnov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1392–1403, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.103

• large crystals, requiring more epoxy, this is more difficult and the remaining epoxy layer is usually thicker. For this reason we assume the epoxy thickness de = 1 μm for whisker and de = 5 μm for crystal-based devices. The monocrystalline sapphire substrate has a very good thermal conductivity, κ, at

Irradiation-driven molecular dynamics simulation of the FEBID process for Pt(PF₃)₄

• Alexey Prosvetov,
• Alexey V. Verkhovtsev,
• Gennady Sushko and
• Andrey V. Solov’yov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1151–1172, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.86

• atomistic level although it governs many physical properties such as electrical and thermal conductivity, and magnetic properties [27][28]. Atomistic simulations provide insights into the internal structure of the deposits and its evolution depending on the regimes of the FEBID process. In this study

First-principles study of the structural, optoelectronic and thermophysical properties of the π-SnSe for thermoelectric applications

• Muhammad Atif Sattar,
• Najwa Al Bouzieh,
• Maamar Benkraouda and
• Noureddine Amrane

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1101–1114, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.82

• is exceptionally promising for the next generation of photovoltaic and thermoelectric devices at room and high temperatures. Keywords: density functional theory (DFT); electronic properties; lattice thermal conductivity; optical properties; thermodynamic properties; thermoelectric properties; tin

• conductivity, thermal conductivity, electronic thermal conductivity, lattice thermal conductivity, and absolute temperature, respectively [5]. The bottleneck that limits the extensive use of TE materials is their relatively low value of ZT. The close interdependency of the three entities S, σ, and κtot offer

• the power factor (PF = S2σ) which is connected with the electrical transport [8][9] and the lowest value of κtot [10]. To date, a considerable amount of research has been performed to enhance the ZT value. For instance, by lowering the value of the lattice thermal conductivity (through all-scale

A review of defect engineering, ion implantation, and nanofabrication using the helium ion microscope

• Frances I. Allen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 633–664, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.52

• properties Further defect engineering studies using the HIM have been concerned with tuning the thermal properties of materials. The first example of this demonstrated site-selective engineering of thermal conductivity along the length of individual nanowires [70]. Here, Zhao et al. irradiated discrete

• sections of free-standing crystalline silicon nanowires of 160 nm diameter to a series of target doses. It was found that a dramatic decrease in thermal conductivity occurred already at relatively low doses, corresponding to point defect concentrations of only a few percent. This result indicated a strong

• phonon scattering effect from the few point defects introduced. For higher doses above ca. 2 × 1016 ions/cm2, complete amorphization of the material occurred, although it was noted that the overall morphology of the structure was unaffected. This ability to locally tune the thermal conductivity by

A review on the green and sustainable synthesis of silver nanoparticles and one-dimensional silver nanostructures

• Sina Kaabipour and
• Shohreh Hemmati

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 102–136, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.9

• characteristics including antimicrobial activity, electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, optical characteristics, and mechanical properties. The antimicrobial characteristic of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) has made them highly applicable in the biomedical and therapeutic fields [69][70][71]. Currently

• infections, and also inhibit the growth of bacterial biofilms [14][15][16]. AgNPs were also used in developing strong thermally conductive materials. They were used in polymer composites to increase thermal conductivity (K) [77][78] for cooling applications in electronic equipment. Furthermore, AgNPs have

Imaging and milling resolution of light ion beams from helium ion microscopy and FIBs driven by liquid metal alloy ion sources

• Nico Klingner,
• Gregor Hlawacek,
• Paul Mazarov,
• Wolfgang Pilz,
• Fabian Meyer and
• Lothar Bischoff

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1742–1749, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.156

• ], the fabrication of graphene nanomeshes [8], the formation of single Si nanocrystals embedded in SiO2 for single-electron transistors [9], the spatially resolved engineering of the thermal conductivity in individual Si nanowires [10], as well as the creation of nano-Josephson superconducting tunnel

Seebeck coefficient of silicon nanowire forests doped by thermal diffusion

• Shaimaa Elyamny,
• Elisabetta Dimaggio and
• Giovanni Pennelli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1707–1713, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.153

• conductivity of nanostructures, will yield a high efficiency of the conversion of thermal to electrical energy. Keywords: nanowires; Seebeck coefficient; thermal conductivity; thermoelectricity; Introduction Thermoelectric generators for direct conversion of heat into electrical power will certainly play a

• sustainable. Silicon has a very high power factor S2σ [1][2][3][4] (S is the Seebeck coefficient and σ is the electrical conductivity). This, combined with the reduced thermal conductivity when nanostructured [5][6][7][8][9][10], makes it very suitable for thermoelectric applications. As added value, silicon

• require an oxidation of the surface for the trapping of the doping species. However, the reduction of the thermal conductivity, which is the aim of the nanoscale structuring, relies on the roughness of the nanowire surfaces, and the smoothing produced by the oxide growth would heavily reduce this effect

Detecting stable adsorbates of (1S)-camphor on Cu(111) with Bayesian optimization

• Jari Järvi,
• Patrick Rinke and
• Milica Todorović

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1577–1589, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.140

• been applied in detecting molecular conformers [25] and adsorbate structures [26][27], in identifying stable molecular compounds [28], and in discovering materials with low thermal hysteresis [29] or thermal conductivity [30]. Typically, previous studies have employed customized material-specific

Nonadiabatic superconductivity in a Li-intercalated hexagonal boron nitride bilayer

• Kamila A. Szewczyk,
• Izabela A. Domagalska,
• Artur P. Durajski and
• Radosław Szczęśniak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1178–1189, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.102

• result is radically different from the data obtained for graphene/SiO2 [33]. In addition, hBN monolayers exhibit a high temperature stability, a low dielectric constant (ε = 3–4), and a high thermal conductivity [34]. The band gap of hBN is about 5.9 eV [35]. Furthermore, which is also important, hBN is