Ultrathin water layers on mannosylated gold nanoparticles

• Maiara A. Iriarte Alonso,
• Jorge H. Melillo,
• Silvina Cerveny,
• Yujin Tong and
• Alexander M. Bittner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2183–2198, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.151

• electrons in SEM (only the gold cores were observed as bright features). We recorded STEM images of dimanno-AuNPs deposited on a carbon-coated TEM grid to visualize the layer. We employed uranyl as a stain, a soluble heavy-metal cation that attaches to the hydrophilic parts of the organic coating, providing

• , while the single dimanno-AuNPs interact efficiently, indicating that NP–surface interactions dominate in this case over NP–NP interactions. We ascribe this to hydrogen bonds between the (multiple) OH groups in the dimannoside and the amine. This finding compares well with TEM on carbon grids: PEG AuNPs

• negative staining, 0.35 µL of dimanno-AuNPs (1.9 × 1013 particles/mL) were deposited on glow-discharged carbon TEM grids (air flow, 20 mA, 4 min). Then, 0.35 µL uranyl acetate (0.5% w/w) was deposited and dried on the sample. AFM imaging AFM topography images were recorded with an Agilent 5500 AFM

Rapid synthesis of highly monodisperse AgSbS₂ nanocrystals: unveiling multifaceted activities in cancer therapy, antibacterial strategies, and antioxidant defense

• Funda Ulusu,
• Adem Sarilmaz,
• Yakup Ulusu,
• Faruk Ozel and
• Mahmut Kus

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2105–2115, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.145

• ) planes of the AgSbS2 phase. TEM and SEM techniques were used to comprehensively characterize the NCs. The results showed that spherical NCs were predominantly formed, with an average diameter of approximately 32 ± 10 nm. Cytotoxicity studies demonstrated a significant inhibitory effect of the NCs

• bonds [34][35]. The characterization of AgSbS2 NCs involved a comprehensive analysis using TEM and SEM techniques, as depicted in Figure 2. Within the SEM and TEM images presented in Figure 2a,b, predominantly spherical NCs are observed, measuring approximately 32 ± 10 nm in diameter. Notably, these

• . Both crystal structure images were created by using the VESTA software [33]. The TEM (a), HRTEM (b), SEM (c) images and SAED (d) patterns of AgSbS2 NCs. Zones of inhibition produced by AgSbS2 NCs against tested bacterial strains. Cytotoxic effects of AgSbS2 NCs on different cell lines (a), IC50 values

The cement of the tube-dwelling polychaete Sabellaria alveolata: a complex composite adhesive material

• Emilie Duthoo,
• Aurélie Lambert,
• Pierre Becker,
• Carla Pugliese,
• Jean-Marc Baele,
• Arnaud Delfairière,
• Matthew J. Harrington and
• Patrick Flammang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1998–2014, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.138

• resin (TEM samples) were used for the observation of cement gland secretory granules. All SEM images were acquired in low vacuum mode (50 Pa), with the backscattered electron detector. X-ray microanalysis and elemental mapping were performed using an Oxford X-MaxN energy-dispersive spectrometer (EDS

• TEM (Figure 2F,G). The cement matrix is homogeneous and of medium electron density. It encloses hollow spheroids of various sizes, as well as small electron-dense granules and small lacunae (Figure 2F). The exception is the periphery of the cement spot, which is made up entirely of the matrix, giving

• composition of cement cell granules, we used energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) coupled with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Elemental composition was measured on four secretory granules of both types of cement cells in the parathoracic part of worms embedded in Spurr resin (TEM blocks). Using the

Laser ablation in liquids for shape-tailored synthesis of nanomaterials: status and challenges

• Natalie Tarasenka

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1963–1997, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.137

• composition on the shape of the resulting NPs is demonstrated in Figure 5, where the TEM images of the NPs produced by Nd:YAG (1064 nm) nanosecond laser ablation of W and Ti targets in different solvents are presented. For both metals, the ablation in water produces spherical NPs, while in octane, the W

Targeting the vector of arboviruses Aedes aegypti with nanoemulsions based on essential oils: a review with focus on larvicidal and repellent properties

• Laryssa Ferreira do Nascimento Silva,
• Douglas Dourado,
• Thayse Silva Medeiros,
• Mariana Alice Gonzaga Gabú,
• Maria Cecilia Queiroga dos Santos,
• Daiane Rodrigues dos Santos,
• Mylena Lemos dos Santos,
• Gabriel Bezerra Faierstein,
• Rosângela Maria Rodrigues Barbosa and
• Fabio Rocha Formiga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1894–1913, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.132

• ultrasonication (40 kHz). This formulation demonstrated physicochemical stability, with good optical transparency and absence of phase separation. Characterization by TEM revealed spherical droplets with sizes between 20 and 40 nm. In the larvicidal bioassay, fourth-instar larvae of Ae. aegypti were exposed to

Self-assembly and adhesive properties of Pollicipes pollicipes barnacle cement protein cp19k: influence of pH and ionic strength

• Shrutika Sawant,
• Anne Marie Power and
• J. Gerard Wall

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1863–1872, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.129

• study, we investigated the influence of environmental parameters on the self-assembly of recombinant cp19k, a key adhesive protein in Pollicipes pollicipes. Using TEM imaging, a low pH (4.0) and high salt concentration (600 mM NaCl) environment, mimicking P. pollicipes gland conditions, was identified

• work, we expressed recombinant P. pollicipes cp19k (rPpolcp19k) in E. coli and identified key environmental modulators of fibril formation by the protein. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to study the rate of fibril formation and morphology under varied pH and salt concentration

• achieved (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S1). Purified protein was dialysed into 10 mM sodium acetate (pH 4.0) or 10 mM sodium phosphate (pH 8.0) buffer, with NaCl concentrations ranging from 0 to 600 mM. Transmission electron microscopy TEM analysis identified the formation of fibril structures by

Current status of using adsorbent nanomaterials for removing microplastics from water supply systems: a mini review

• Nguyen Thi Nhan and
• Tran Le Luu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1837–1850, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.127

• scalability, adsorbent nanomaterials offer a strong foundation for sustainable solutions that safeguard both human health and aquatic ecosystems. Sources and distribution of MPs in environmental systems. An illustration of the four main groups and mechanisms of adsorbent nanomaterials. SEM and TEM image of

• synthesized Co-MOFs for removing MPs. SEM images of (a) CeO2, (b) CeO2 3D flower-spheres, (c, d) ZIF-67 before and after calcination at 500 °C, (e, f) ZIF-67-90@CeO2, and (g, h) Co–N/C-90@CeO2 composites. TEM images of (i) CeO2 3D flower-spheres, (j) Co–N/C-90@CeO2 composite. (k) Enlarged TEM image of Co–N/C

Phytol-loaded soybean oil nanoemulsion as a promising alternative against Leishmania amazonensis

• Victória Louise Pinto Freire,
• Mariana Farias Alves-Silva,
• Johny W. de Freitas Oliveira,
• Matheus de Freitas Fernandes-Pedrosa,
• Alianda Maira Cornélio,
• Marcelo de Souza-Silva,
• Thayse Silva Medeiros and
• Arnóbio Antônio da Silva Junior

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1826–1836, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.126

• shown in the size distribution graph (Figure 1b). Moreover, the zeta potential (ZP) of both samples was around −20 mV, with no significant changes upon phytol loading. To evaluate the shape and morphological characteristics of the nanoemulsions, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis was

Exploring the potential of polymers: advancements in oral nanocarrier technology

• Rousilândia de Araujo Silva,
• Igor Eduardo Silva Arruda,
• Luise Lopes Chaves,
• Mônica Felts de La Roca Soares and
• Jose Lamartine Soares Sobrinho

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1751–1793, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.122

Multifunctional anionic nanoemulsion with linseed oil and lecithin: a preliminary approach for dry eye disease

• Niédja Fittipaldi Vasconcelos,
• Almerinda Agrelli,
• Rayane Cristine Santos da Silva,
• Carina Lucena Mendes-Marques,
• Isabel Renata de Souza Arruda,
• Priscilla Stela Santana de Oliveira,
• Mércia Liane de Oliveira and
• Giovanna Machado

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1711–1733, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.120

• was analyzed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) with a MORGAGNI 268D (FEI Company, USA), operated at 80 kV. Before imaging, the samples were sonicated in an ultrasound bath for 15 min, and a drop of the suspension was placed onto a copper grid (200 mesh) coated with formvar/carbon. Excess

• liquid was removed with filter paper, and the samples were counterstained with 2.5% uranyl acetate (w/v). The grids were then dried under vacuum for 24 h before TEM analysis. Long-term stability test The long-term stability of the nanoformulations was assessed by storing the samples in hermetically

• nanoformulations OphtNE-3.70% and OphtNE-3.66%(K1%) is further supported by the TEM micrographs presented in Figure 3a and Figure 3c, respectively. These micrographs reveal spherical droplets in both formulations, but distinct differences in size and dispersion uniformity are evident. OphtNE-3.70% displays larger

Prospects of nanotechnology and natural products for cancer and immunotherapy

• Jan Filipe Andrade Santos,
• Marcela Bernardes Brasileiro,
• Pamela Danielle Cavalcante Barreto,
• Ligiane Aranha Rocha and
• José Adão Carvalho Nascimento Júnior

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1644–1667, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.116

• the development of reactive oxygen species (ROS) [118]. Hyaluronic acid can inhibit local recurrence and distant tumor growth when used in immunotherapy scenarios in conjuction with CAR-T cells and anti-PDL1-conjugated platelets [119]. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and dynamic light

• inhibition of cancer cell migration, invasion, and metastasis [122][123]. The patent characterizes the NPs through DLS and TEM, confirming a uniform size distribution. Additionally, in vitro studies using MCF-7 breast cancer cells demonstrated inhibition of cell proliferation, with the NP inducing apoptosis

• ]. The formulation includes temperature-responsive and non-temperature-responsive amphiphilic molecules (weight ratio of 7:3). UV–vis spectroscopy, TEM, and DLS experiments demonstrated that administration of 14.37 mg·kg−1 of the nanoparticles inhibited lung adenocarcinoma proliferation and migration

Photocatalytic degradation of ofloxacin in water assisted by TiO₂ nanowires on carbon cloth: contributions of H₂O₂ addition and substrate absorbability

• Iram Hussain,
• Lisha Zhang,
• Zhizhen Ye and
• Jin-Ming Wu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1567–1579, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.111

• and O are homogeneously distributed over the carbon cloth fibers, supporting the uniform and successful growth of TiO2 nanowires. The successful formation of TiO2 nanowires is further confirmed by TEM analysis. As shown in Figure 1e,f, the CC/NW-450 °C sample displays a distinct net-like network of

• materials for environmental remediation. (a) The Ti–H2O2 interaction approach to precipitate TiO2 nanowire arrays on carbon cloth. (b–d) FESEM images of TiO2 nanowires grown on carbon cloth at different magnifications. (e) TEM, (f) HRTEM images, and (g) the corresponding SAED pattern of the CC/NW-450 °C. (a

Influence of laser beam profile on morphology and optical properties of silicon nanoparticles formed by laser ablation in liquid

• Natalie Tarasenka,
• Vladislav Kornev,
• Alena Nevar and
• Nikolai Tarasenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1533–1544, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.108

• were investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) using a JEOL JEM-2100F (JEOL, USA) operating with an accelerating voltage of 200 kV. For TEM and SAED measurements, the NPs were drop-casted onto copper grids covered by carbon film and dried under ambient conditions. Crystalline structure

• by TEM and SEM. Figure 2 shows TEM images of the Si NPs obtained by laser ablation in ethanol using Bessel (Figure 2a,b), annular (Figure 2c), and Gaussian (Figure 2d) laser beams. While Si NPs formed using annular and Gaussian profiles result in nearly spherical NPs, laser ablation with a Bessel

• profile. The average size of the Si NPs was calculated using ImageJ software. A more detailed analysis of the TEM images showed the tendency of the particles prepared using an annular beam to gather into aggregates surrounded by a non-uniform matrix or shell, while in the case of a Gaussian beam, the

Laser processing in liquids: insights into nanocolloid generation and thin film integration for energy, photonic, and sensing applications

• Akshana Parameswaran Sreekala,
• Pooja Raveendran Nair,
• Jithin Kundalam Kadavath,
• Bindu Krishnan,
• David Avellaneda Avellaneda,
• M. R. Anantharaman and
• Sadasivan Shaji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1428–1498, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.104

Photochemical synthesis of silver nanoprisms via green LED irradiation and evaluation of SERS activity

• Tuan Anh Mai-Ngoc,
• Nhi Kieu Vo,
• Cong Danh Nguyen,
• Thi Kim Xuan Nguyen and
• Thanh Sinh Do

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1417–1427, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.103

• spectra of the AgNPs seed shown in the Figure 1a displayed a single peak at 400 nm, indicating the presence of spherical silver nanoparticles with small sizes, consistent with studies in the literature [4][6][7]. The sample exhibited the characteristic yellow color of AgNPs. The TEM image and size

• samples. It can thus be concluded that 72 h is the optimal duration for the transformation of AgNPs into AgNPrs using green LED irradiation, aligning well with the UV–vis spectroscopy results. TEM images of the samples at a magnification of 50,000 after 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h of LED irradiation are shown

• disappearance of the IPD peak of AgNPs in the UV–vis spectrum in Figure 2. After 72 h, TEM images showed exclusively AgNPrs, which were clearly visible and well defined, in agreement with the corresponding FESEM images. The XRD spectrum of AgNPrs after 72 h of LED irradiation (Figure 5) exhibited four distinct

Ferroptosis induction by engineered liposomes for enhanced tumor therapy

• Alireza Ghasempour,
• Mohammad Amin Tokallou,
• Mohammad Reza Naderi Allaf,
• Mohsen Moradi,
• Hamideh Dehghan,
• Mahsa Sedighi,
• Mohammad-Ali Shahbazi and
• Fahimeh Lavi Arab

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1325–1349, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.97

• light scattering (DLS) is commonly used to determine liposome size and size distribution. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) can be used to image liposome morphology and determine lamellarity. Zeta potential measurements assess the surface charge of liposomes, which

• ]. Different techniques are used to evaluate the characteristics of liposomes [122][123][124]. In the case of average particle size, DLS and microscopy techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), TEM, cryogenic TEM, and AFM are used to determine the size of liposomes [122]. The size of liposomes is

• and allows for the calculation of their hydrodynamic size [110]. Furthermore, microscopy techniques make the size and morphology of liposomes directly visible [110][125]. In particular, cryo-TEM is advantageous because the samples do not need to be stained or fixed, and the natural structure of the

Investigation of the solubility of protoporphyrin IX in aqueous and hydroalcoholic solvent systems

• Michelly de Sá Matsuoka,
• Giovanna Carla Cadini Ruiz,
• Marcos Luciano Bruschi and
• Jéssica Bassi da Silva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1209–1215, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.89

• using a previously validated method, yielding a correlation coefficient R = 0.9973 [20][21]. Transmission electron microscopy Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis was carried out using a JEM-1400 microscope (JEOL, Tokyo, Japan) with an accelerating voltage of 100 kV. The samples were diluted

• 50 times and negatively stained with a 2% (w/v) uranyl acetate solution before imaging. To investigate micelle formation, the samples were prepared at 37 °C. Micelle size measurements obtained by TEM were reported as the mean (± standard deviation; SD), based on the analysis of 250 micelles per

• , complementary methods may be performed together, such as dynamic light scattering [26] and turbidimetry [27]. Furthermore, TEM analysis can provide a more accurate understanding of the incorporation of PpIX into the micellar systems, overcoming the limitations associated with spectrophotometric estimations

Chitosan nanocomposite containing rotenoids: an alternative bioinsecticidal approach for the management of Aedes aegypti

• Maria A. A. Bertonceli,
• Vitor D. C. Cristo,
• Ivo J. Vieira,
• Francisco J. A. Lemos,
• Arnoldo R. Façanha,
• Raimundo Braz-Filho,
• Gustavo V. T. Batista,
• Luis G. M. Basso,
• Sérgio H. Seabra,
• Thalya S. R. Nogueira,
• Felipe F. Moreira,
• Arícia L. E. M. Assis,
• Antônia E. A. Oliveira and
• Kátia V. S. Fernandes

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1197–1208, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.88

• (control = empty particles; rot = rotenoid-loaded particles). B) Controlled ionic gelation of CS with TPP-β-CD inclusion complex (control and rot). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of chitosan nanocomposites. A) Conventional ionic gelation of CS/TPP. B) Conventional ionic gelation of CS/TPP

Crystalline and amorphous structure selectivity of ignoble high-entropy alloy nanoparticles during laser ablation in organic liquids is set by pulse duration

• Robert Stuckert,
• Felix Pohl,
• Oleg Prymak,
• Ulrich Schürmann,
• Christoph Rehbock,
• Lorenz Kienle and
• Stephan Barcikowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1141–1159, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.84

• ][81]. To test this hypothesis, we analyzed the particle size distributions within the circular areas used for SAED experiments for amorphous samples from ns-LAL and crystalline samples from ps-LAL. Figure 1B and Figure 1E show TEM images of analyzed HEA NPs with the corresponding particle size

• be the reason for the broader size distributions in ps-LAL. Note that Waag et al. reported mean particle sizes of <10 nm determined by both centrifugation-based methods as well as TEM during ps-LAL of equimolar CrMnFeCoNi in ethanol [35], whereas in our work we observed mean diameters of dmean = 21

• to be 3 nm. Thin oxide shells, mainly formed by manganese oxide species, can be found in STEM and TEM images from ps- and ns- synthesized NPs (compare with Supporting Information File 1, Figure S4) and could be one explanation for the oxide phase detected in the XRD analysis of Figure 2A. Note that

Towards a quantitative theory for transmission X-ray microscopy

• James G. McNally,
• Christoph Pratsch,
• Stephan Werner,
• Stefan Rehbein,
• Andrew Gibbs,
• Jihao Wang,
• Thomas Lunkenbein,
• Peter Guttmann and
• Gerd Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1113–1128, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.82

• (Supporting Information File 1, Section S12) and the non-tilted condenser model was much easier to compute. To enable a more precise quantitative analysis, we first extensively characterized the gold nanospheres by both scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM, Supporting Information File 1

• , Section S13) to determine the nanosphere’s shape, composition, diameter, and density. Both SEM and TEM showed that the nanospheres were indeed roughly spherical and of similar size (Supporting Information File 1, Section S13). Specifically, we measured the diameter of 35 nanospheres by SEM and obtained a

• value of 62.2 ± 2.9 nm. Furthermore, TEM images showed that the nanospheres were solid and had roughly similar densities throughout. By TEM, the interior of the nanospheres did exhibit some lightly shaded stripes, characteristic of a channeling effect expected to arise from a crystalline structure. To

Piezoelectricity of hexagonal boron nitrides improves bone tissue generation as tested on osteoblasts

• Sevin Adiguzel,
• Nilay Cicek,
• Zehra Cobandede,
• Feray B. Misirlioglu,
• Hulya Yilmaz and
• Mustafa Culha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1068–1081, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.78

• SiC surface and stored at room temperature. The synthesized hBN and commercial BaTiO3 nanoparticles (Sigma-Aldrich, Germany) were characterized using several analytical techniques. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM, JEOL ARM 200 CF, 200 keV) was employed to examine morphology and particle size by

• drop-casting 1 μL of hBN suspension (prepared in deionized water) onto a TEM grid. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR, Shimadzu IRAffinity-1S) and Raman spectroscopy (Renishaw, 532 nm laser) were used to analyze chemical bonds and assess crystallinity. UV–visible spectroscopy (Varian Cary UV

• using a variety of techniques including FTIR, Raman, UV–vis, DLS, and PRFM to confirm their physicochemical properties. Characterization of hexagonal boron nitrides The TEM images of the synthesized hBNs are shown in Supporting Information File 1, Figure S3 (a) and (b). As seen, hBNs have platelet-like

Time-resolved probing of laser-induced nanostructuring processes in liquids

• Maximilian Spellauge,
• David Redka,
• Mianzhen Mo,
• Changyong Song,
• Heinz Paul Huber and
• Anton Plech

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 968–1002, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.74

Synthesis of biowaste-derived carbon-dot-mediated silver nanoparticles and the evaluation of electrochemical properties for supercapacitor electrodes

• Navya Kumari Tenkayala,
• Chandan Kumar Maity,
• Md Moniruzzaman and
• Subramani Devaraju

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 933–943, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.71

• storage. The size distribution, morphology, and crystallinity of PG-CDs-AgNPs were further characterized by SEM and TEM analysis. The SEM image of PG-CDs-AgNPs (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S2a) reveals that PG-CDs-AgNPs possess spherical and distorted spherical structure. Supporting Information

• -CDs-AgNPs proves the existence of O, C, and Ag (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S2c–e). Figure 4a–c displays TEM images of PG-CDs-AgNPs with different scale bars exhibiting that the particles are spherical and uniformly distributed. Figure 4d is the HR-TEM image of PG-CDs-AgNPs, exhibiting a

• in Figure 4e. The narrowness of the average particle size distribution plot was well supported by the uniform particle size distribution shown in TEM images. Figure 4f is the selected area electron diffraction (SAED) pattern of PG-CDs-AgNPs, exhibiting a ring-like diffraction pattern indicating

Focused ion beam-induced platinum deposition with a low-temperature cesium ion source

• Thomas Henning Loeber,
• Bert Laegel,
• Meltem Sezen,
• Feray Bakan Misirlioglu,
• Edgar J. D. Vredenbregt and
• Yang Li

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 910–920, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.69

• energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), lamellas for transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were prepared. Experimental The Ga+ FIB is a ThermoFisher Helios NanoLab 650 and uses a gas injection system (GIS). ZeroK NanoTech Corporation has created commercially available Cs+ FIB systems based on

• . All deposition parameters are shown in Table 1. To calculate the resistivity of the deposits, the NanoLab 650 dual beam system was used to determine the length and the cross section of each deposited layer. The TEM lamellas were prepared with a JEOL JIB 4601F FIB-SEM MultiBeam system. The sample

• characterization in terms of elemental composition and structure was done with a JEOL ARM 200F (S)TEM system equipped with an Oxford EDS detector. Results and Discussion Deposit surface First, to reveal possible surface modifications, Pt layers were deposited with Cs+ ions at 16, 8, 5, and 2 kV with a current

Synthesis and magnetic transitions of rare-earth-free Fe–Mn–Ni–Si-based compositionally complex alloys at bulk and nanoscale

• Shabbir Tahir,
• Tatiana Smoliarova,
• Carlos Doñate-Buendía,
• Michael Farle,
• Natalia Shkodich and
• Bilal Gökce

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 823–836, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.62

• microscopy (TEM) and EDX with a Jeol 2200FS microscope (Japan) equipped with an Oxford X-MaxN TLE 80 EDX detector (UK). The microscope was operated at an acceleration voltage of 200 kV and utilized a 2k × 2k GATAN UltraScan 1000XP CCD camera. For TEM analysis, the colloidal particles were dispersed onto a

• carbon-supported TEM copper grid and dried under ambient conditions. The particle size distribution was determined by measuring the Feret diameter of individual particles from TEM images using ImageJ software [52]. The NP crystal structure was evaluated using CrysTBox software [53] using digital

• size distribution extracted from TEM images (inset) from (a) bulk Ge-based CCA and (b) bulk Al-based CCA target. (a) Mn, Fe, Ni, Ge, and Si EDX elemental maps of the PLAL-generated CCA NPs from the bulk Ge-based CCA target. (b) Mn, Fe, Ni, Al, and Si EDX elemental maps of the PLAL generated CCA NPs