Nanotechnology-based approaches for the removal of microplastics from wastewater: a comprehensive review

• Nayanathara O Sanjeev,
• Manjunath Singanodi Vallabha and
• Rebekah Rubidha Lisha Rabi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1607–1632, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.114

• hydrophobic nature make them highly effective in capturing various organic pollutants, including methylene blue, neutral red, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Notably, the unique hexagonal honeycomb crystal structure imparts exceptional stability, allowing them to perform efficiently under challenging

Modeling magnetic properties of cobalt nanofilms used as a component of spin hybrid superconductor–ferromagnetic structures

• Aleksey Fedotov,
• Olesya Severyukhina,
• Anastasia Salomatina and
• Anatolie Sidorenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1557–1566, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.110

• technologies [5][6][7] based on Josephson junctions. It is well established that the properties of nanostructures can significantly differ from those of bulk samples. Currently, close attention is paid to thin-film magnetic structures, which include cobalt and iron [8][9][10]. Thus, in [1], the crystal

• structure and composition of Co–Ni–Fe films were evaluated, and it was found out how the deposition rate affects the conversion of a weak magnetic field into magnetic induction. In addition, thin-film structures based on Fe and Co are among the most promising materials that can be applied in the creation of

Influence of laser beam profile on morphology and optical properties of silicon nanoparticles formed by laser ablation in liquid

• Natalie Tarasenka,
• Vladislav Kornev,
• Alena Nevar and
• Nikolai Tarasenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1533–1544, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.108

• , USA) equipped with Peltier-cooled CCD-detector and with a xenon arc lamp for excitation. The measured spectra were corrected for the spectral sensitivity of the spectrofluorometer. Results and Discussion Morphology and crystal structure The morphology characterization of as-formed Si NPs was performed

• particles formed by laser ablation with annular beams (Figure 4c) are also crystalline and have a diamond-like cubic crystal structure, where the interplanar spacings correspond to the reflections from (111) planes of cubic Si (space group Fd−3m). Some particles shown in Figure 4c have measured interplanar

Laser processing in liquids: insights into nanocolloid generation and thin film integration for energy, photonic, and sensing applications

• Akshana Parameswaran Sreekala,
• Pooja Raveendran Nair,
• Jithin Kundalam Kadavath,
• Bindu Krishnan,
• David Avellaneda Avellaneda,
• M. R. Anantharaman and
• Sadasivan Shaji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1428–1498, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.104

Crystalline and amorphous structure selectivity of ignoble high-entropy alloy nanoparticles during laser ablation in organic liquids is set by pulse duration

• Robert Stuckert,
• Felix Pohl,
• Oleg Prymak,
• Ulrich Schürmann,
• Christoph Rehbock,
• Lorenz Kienle and
• Stephan Barcikowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1141–1159, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.84

• Information File 1, Figure S2). Pulse duration effects on the crystal structure and composition The first objective of this study was to investigate the influence of pulse durations during LAL in acetone (dried, distilled, and degassed) on the crystal structure and composition of the corresponding HEA NPs

• crystal structure in ignoble HEA NPs on pulse duration (ps vs ns) is hypothesized. To further investigate this hypothesis, we looked at further potential influence factors, such as a potential dependency on particle sizes, solvent type, deviating compositions in the ablated bulk targets and HEA NPs, laser

• differences in crystal structures. To examine this issue, we initially analyzed the crystal structure of the bulk target via XRD (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S2). The structure of the target is characterized by two fcc structures with lattice constants of 3.601 and 3.595 Å with average crystallite

Influence of ion beam current on the structural, optical, and mechanical properties of TiO₂ coatings: ion beam-assisted vs conventional electron beam evaporation

• Agata Obstarczyk and
• Urszula Wawrzaszek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1097–1112, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.81

• , and good availability, TiO2 in the form of thin films is now widely used in the development of gas sensors, photodetectors, solar cells, memristors, and photocatalysts [1][12][15][16][17]. The area of application of titanium dioxide is also related to the crystal structure in which it occurs, that is

• to reorganize and form a regular crystal structure. To determine the degree of the preferential orientation, the texture factor (f) was estimated using the Lotgering method. A value of f = 0 indicates a random orientation, while f = 1 testifies the perfect orientation for the calculated plane [33][34

Piezoelectricity of hexagonal boron nitrides improves bone tissue generation as tested on osteoblasts

• Sevin Adiguzel,
• Nilay Cicek,
• Zehra Cobandede,
• Feray B. Misirlioglu,
• Hulya Yilmaz and
• Mustafa Culha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1068–1081, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.78

• phases exhibit ferroelectric properties, except for the cubic crystalline phase [23]. The size and crystal structure of BaTiO3 can vary based on the synthesis method. Notably, BaTiO3 holds promise as a bone-like graft and as a nano–bio interface, thanks to its excellent cytocompatibility and its positive

• properties due to its noncentrosymmetric crystal structure, making it a promising material for biomedical applications such as bone regeneration, where it can convert mechanical stimuli into bioelectrical signals. Additionally, the biocompatibility and ability of hBN to be integrated into composite scaffolds

Soft materials nanoarchitectonics: liquid crystals, polymers, gels, biomaterials, and others

• Katsuhiko Ariga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1025–1067, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.77

• beneficial to extend the findings of this study to explore the nanoarchitectonics of other mesoporous metal oxides in electrocatalytic electrodes. Additionally, there are nanoarchitectonics examples that couple liquid crystal structure control with other functions, such as catalysis. Mavrikakis, Abbott, and

Time-resolved probing of laser-induced nanostructuring processes in liquids

• Maximilian Spellauge,
• David Redka,
• Mianzhen Mo,
• Changyong Song,
• Heinz Paul Huber and
• Anton Plech

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 968–1002, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.74

Ar⁺ implantation-induced tailoring of RF-sputtered ZnO films: structural, morphological, and optical properties

• Manu Bura,
• Divya Gupta,
• Arun Kumar and
• Sanjeev Aggarwal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 872–886, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.66

• , which is a well-established and non-destructive method to determine crystal structure, lattice defects, and dynamics. Since ZnO is a polar semiconductor, the phonon–electron interaction produces longitudinal optical (LO) phonon modes, whose long-range behavior considerably affects the efficacy of

• fluences. The spectrum of the pristine film (Figure 4a) show peaks at 96, 433, and 577 cm−1, which correspond to E2 (low), E2 (high), and A1 (LO) modes of ZnO respectively. The prominent peaks corresponding to E2 (low) and E2 (high) are characteristic peaks related to the wurtzite crystal structure of ZnO

Facile one-step radio frequency magnetron sputtering of Ni/NiO on stainless steel for an efficient electrode for hydrogen evolution reaction

• Ha Huu Do,
• Khac Binh Nguyen,
• Phuong N. Nguyen and
• Hoai Phuong Pham

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 837–846, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.63

• potential regarding industrial application. Results and Discussion Crystal structure and phase of the as-synthesized electrodes were verified by X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements with 2θ ranging from 20° to 80°. Figure 1 displays the XRD patterns of SS, Ni/NiO/SS-5, Ni/NiO/SS-10, Ni/NiO/SS-15, and Ni/NiO

• . Materials characterization The crystal structure of materials was confirmed by XRD using Cu Kα radiation with a wavelength of 0.154 nm on a X-ray diffractometer (D8 Advance, Bruker). The morphology of the obtained products was analyzed utilizing SEM on an S-4800 Hitachi. Chemical components and element

Synthesis and magnetic transitions of rare-earth-free Fe–Mn–Ni–Si-based compositionally complex alloys at bulk and nanoscale

• Shabbir Tahir,
• Tatiana Smoliarova,
• Carlos Doñate-Buendía,
• Michael Farle,
• Natalia Shkodich and
• Bilal Gökce

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 823–836, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.62

• ground, polished, and analyzed by SEM (JEOL JSM-7600 F, Japan). The chemical composition was determined using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) with an Oxford Inca spectrometer. The crystal structure of bulk CCAs was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) using a DRON-4–07 diffractometer with

• 2.8 J·cm−2 [41]. Additionally, to increase the NP concentration and reduce the organic solvent use, a closed loop liquid flow system was employed. Size distribution, morphology, elemental composition, and crystal structure of the NPs from both CCA targets were examined using transmission electron

• carbon-supported TEM copper grid and dried under ambient conditions. The particle size distribution was determined by measuring the Feret diameter of individual particles from TEM images using ImageJ software [52]. The NP crystal structure was evaluated using CrysTBox software [53] using digital

Morphology and properties of pyrite nanoparticles obtained by pulsed laser ablation in liquid and thin films for photodetection

• Akshana Parameswaran Sreekala,
• Bindu Krishnan,
• Rene Fabian Cienfuegos Pelaes,
• David Avellaneda Avellaneda,
• Josué Amílcar Aguilar-Martínez and
• Sadasivan Shaji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 785–805, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.60

• -system marcasite crystal structure. Due to its low structural symmetry, marcasite FeS2 has a bandgap of only 0.34 eV and, as a result, it is not appropriate for use, particularly with solar energy absorption materials. Hence, the pyrite structure serves as a foundation for almost all studies of systems

Changes of structural, magnetic and spectroscopic properties of microencapsulated iron sucrose nanoparticles in saline

• Sabina Lewińska,
• Pavlo Aleshkevych,
• Roman Minikayev,
• Anna Bajorek,
• Mateusz Dulski,
• Krystian Prusik,
• Tomasz Wojciechowski and
• Anna Ślawska-Waniewska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 762–784, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.59

• the alginate implies a slight disordering of the crystal structure of iron oxides. This disorder may result from more structural and local point defects and unsaturated bonds, making it more prone to forming an ionic cross-linking complex. In this context, the coexistence of oxyhydroxide with Fe3

High-temperature epitaxial growth of tantalum nitride thin films on MgO: structural evolution and potential for SQUID applications

• Michelle Cedillo Rosillo,
• Oscar Contreras López,
• Jesús Antonio Díaz,
• Agustín Conde Gallardo and
• Harvi A. Castillo Cuero

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 690–699, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.53

• . Prior research has consistently shown that TaN films with a FCC crystal structure exhibit enhanced superconducting properties compared to those with other crystal structures. The XRD spectra were obtained with a Panalitycal X’Pert Pro MRD, and the “Inorganic Crystal Structure Database” powder

N₂⁺-implantation-induced tailoring of structural, morphological, optical, and electrical characteristics of sputtered molybdenum thin films

• Usha Rani,
• Kafi Devi,
• Divya Gupta and
• Sanjeev Aggarwal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 495–509, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.38

• volume, enhancing the cumulative distortion effects inside the films. Furthermore, nitrogen implantation improves densification and modifies the crystal structure. Nitrogen ions serve as a barrier in boundary relaxation and grain growth, hence increasing the stress. The divergent behavior illustrates the

• boundaries disrupt the crystal structure. These boundaries act as obstacles for charge carriers, hindering their movement and thus increasing resistivity. Further, scattering at these boundaries reduces the mobility of charge carriers, leading to a decrease in conductivity. Essentially, the more boundaries

• conductivity of molybdenum thin films by introducing defects, modifying the crystal structure, doping the material with nitrogen ions, and potentially improving surface characteristics. Correlation of structural, optical, and electrical parameters with thickness Figure 12 depicts the mutual correlations

Effect of additives on the synthesis efficiency of nanoparticles by laser-induced reduction

• Rikuto Kuroda,
• Takahiro Nakamura,
• Hideki Ina and
• Shuhei Shibata

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 464–472, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.35

• synthesis of various nanoparticles that maintain the crystal structure and composition of the source solid material. In contrast to those methods, laser-induced reduction in liquid (LRL) is a nanoparticle synthesis method based on reduction reactions induced by laser in solution. Synthesis of nanoparticles

Size control of nanoparticles synthesized by pulsed laser ablation in liquids using donut-shaped beams

• Abdel Rahman Altakroury,
• Oleksandr Gatsa,
• Farbod Riahi,
• Zongwen Fu,
• Miroslava Flimelová,
• Andrei Samokhvalov,
• Stephan Barcikowski,
• Carlos Doñate-Buendía,
• Alexander V. Bulgakov and
• Bilal Gökce

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 407–417, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.31

• crystal structure of the HEA NPs was determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) using a Smartlab diffractometer (Rigaku, Japan). SEM was used to characterize the nanoparticle size distribution and to determine the beam shape influence while maintaining comparable PLAL parameters for both beams to minimize the

Fabrication and evaluation of BerNPs regarding the growth and development of Streptococcus mutans

• Tuyen Huu Nguyen,
• Hong Thanh Pham,
• Kieu Kim Thanh Nguyen,
• Loan Hong Ngo,
• Anh Ngoc Tuan Mai,
• Thu Hoang Anh Lam,
• Ngan Thi Kim Phan,
• Dung Tien Pham,
• Duong Thuy Hoang,
• Thuc Dong Nguyen and
• Lien Thi Xuan Truong

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 308–315, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.23

• [24][28], which shows that ball grinding does not alter the crystal structure of berberine. FTIR spectroscopy results show that the characteristic peaks of BerNPs coincide with that of the raw berberine at 1597, 1507, 1363, 1276, 1103, and 1035 cm−1 [24]. These results demonstrate that ball grinding

Emerging strategies in the sustainable removal of antibiotics using semiconductor-based photocatalysts

• Yunus Ahmed,
• Keya Rani Dutta,
• Parul Akhtar,
• Md. Arif Hossen,
• Md. Jahangir Alam,
• Obaid A. Alharbi,
• Hamad AlMohamadi and
• Abdul Wahab Mohammad

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 264–285, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.21

• advanced methods, including sol–gel, hydrothermal, solvothermal, precipitation and template-assisted techniques [53]. The synthesis method chosen often depends on factors such as the desired crystal structure, particle size, surface area, and photocatalytic activity required for the specific application

Preferential enrichment and extraction of laser-synthesized nanoparticles in organic phases

• Theo Fromme,
• Maximilian L. Spiekermann,
• Florian Lehmann,
• Stephan Barcikowski,
• Thomas Seidensticker and
• Sven Reichenberger

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 254–263, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.20

• correlations between the particle distribution, their size, and the particles’ degree of oxidation and crystal structure to differentiate the cause of this behavior, which is beyond this phase selectivity study. In this context, the systematic variation of the TMS via a systematic solvent chain length series

• requires a detailed investigation of the nanoparticles’ surface chemistry, composition, and crystal structure, ideally complemented by cycling studies after catalysis experiments. Overall, this study, however, provides first evidence that the phase selectivity and recyclability of nanoparticles fabricated

Recent advances in photothermal nanomaterials for ophthalmic applications

• Jiayuan Zhuang,
• Linhui Jia,
• Chenghao Li,
• Rui Yang,
• Jiapeng Wang,
• Wen-an Wang,
• Heng Zhou and
• Xiangxia Luo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 195–215, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.16

• carbon, semiconductor materials offer greater flexibility in photothermal property design because of a broader range of choices in chemical composition and crystal structure, coupled with well-established strategies for manipulating light absorption range through band engineering [79][80][81][82]. The

Orientation-dependent photonic bandgaps in gold-dust weevil scales and their titania bioreplicates

• Norma Salvadores Farran,
• Limin Wang,
• Primoz Pirih and
• Bodo D. Wilts

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1–10, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.1

• porosity might lead to the closing of the photonic bandgap at the effective refractive index of about 2.1 [17]. Conclusion The gold-dust weevil’s scales house a complex photonic system that influences coloration and light interaction through a three-dimensional diamond-type chitin–air photonic crystal

• structure. While the individual scales appear bright and of saturated color, the resulting overall coloration under an extended light source is uniformly green with a very low specularity. The synthesis of negative replicas using titania sol–gel chemistry demonstrates its potential for producing materials

Mechanistic insights into endosomal escape by sodium oleate-modified liposomes

• Ebrahim Sadaqa,
• Satrialdi,
• Fransiska Kurniawan and
• Diky Mudhakir

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1667–1685, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.131

Fabrication of hafnium-based nanoparticles and nanostructures using picosecond laser ablation

• Abhishek Das,
• Mangababu Akkanaboina,
• Jagannath Rathod,
• R. Sai Prasad Goud,
• Kanaka Ravi Kumar,
• Raghu C. Reddy,
• Ratheesh Ravendran,
• Katia Vutova,
• S. V. S. Nageswara Rao and
• Venugopal Rao Soma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1639–1653, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.129

• . These Hf sponges, cut and polished to 10 mm × 10 mm × 2 mm, were used as ablation targets. The pristine target had the crystal structure of hexagonal HfO0.25, as confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) data (see Figure 1a). The elemental composition (Hf: 73.68%, O: 26.32%) was determined by energy