Electron transport through nanoscale multilayer graphene and hexagonal boron nitride junctions

• Aleksandar Staykov and
• Takaya Fujisaki

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2132–2143, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.147

• . The Stone–Wales defect does not influence the work function of graphene. It opens a bandgap in the electronic structure. The data in Table 3 and the compared results of graphene junctions without (Table 1 and Figure 4) and with Stone–Wales defect (Figure 6) show that, at higher applied biases (1.0 V

Electrical, photocatalytic, and sensory properties of graphene oxide and polyimide implanted with low- and medium-energy silver ions

• Josef Novák,
• Eva Štěpanovská,
• Petr Malinský,
• Vlastimil Mazánek,
• Jan Luxa,
• Ulrich Kentsch and
• Zdeněk Sofer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1794–1811, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.123

• relative humidity [16]. In addition to improving the affinity for water vapor, the implantation of Ag ions also translates into changes in optical and photochemical properties of the material, such as photocatalytic properties [17]. The modified electronic structure, characterized by a narrowing of the

• locations. The elemental concentration was analyzed using the SIMNRA code [19]. The electronic structure and chemical composition of the surface layers were analyzed by XPS, with an Omicron Nanotechnology ESCAProbeP spectrometer. The X-ray monochromatic source at 1486.7 eV was used and XPS spectra were

Ambient pressure XPS at MAX IV

• Mattia Scardamaglia,
• Ulrike Küst,
• Alexander Klyushin,
• Rosemary Jones,
• Jan Knudsen,
• Robert Temperton,
• Andrey Shavorskiy and
• Esko Kokkonen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1677–1694, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.118

• reactions in batteries, fuel cells, corrosion, and electrocatalysis. With the advent of ambient pressure setups and specially designed sample environments, APXPS now allows for direct probing of the chemical and electronic structure at solid–liquid interfaces under realistic conditions. This capability

Cross-reactivities in conjugation reactions involving iron oxide nanoparticles

• Shoronia N. Cross,
• Katalin V. Korpany,
• Hanine Zakaria and
• Amy Szuchmacher Blum

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1504–1521, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.106

• conclude that the structure of the payload molecule plays a very important role in determining the efficacy of the EDC/NHS coupling reaction, in that steric hindrance and the electronic structure of the molecule are critical parameters to take into consideration when choosing a suitable amine; thus

Laser processing in liquids: insights into nanocolloid generation and thin film integration for energy, photonic, and sensing applications

• Akshana Parameswaran Sreekala,
• Pooja Raveendran Nair,
• Jithin Kundalam Kadavath,
• Bindu Krishnan,
• David Avellaneda Avellaneda,
• M. R. Anantharaman and
• Sadasivan Shaji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1428–1498, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.104

Automated collection and categorisation of STM images and STS spectra with and without machine learning

• Dylan Stewart Barker and
• Adam Sweetman

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1367–1379, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.99

• “flat” DOS, which is typically achieved by using a purely metallic tip. However, most tips do not demonstrate a perfectly flat local density of states (LDOS) as they have a complex electronic structure governed by the geometry of the metallic cluster at the tip apex [8][9][10][11][12]. Non-metallic

• contaminants can also strongly perturb the electronic structure of the tip. Methods of optimising the probe state for ideal STS are slow and laborious, involving indentation into a metal surface and bias pulses applied to the tip, manually checking spectra and imaging after each probe shaping attempt. The

Electronic and optical properties of chloropicrin adsorbed ZnS nanotubes: first principle analysis

• Prakash Yadav,
• Boddepalli SanthiBhushan and
• Anurag Srivastava

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1184–1196, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.87

• molecule to the ZnS NT. Such changes in the electronic structure are consistent with DFT studies that demonstrate adsorption-induced bandgap modulation in semiconducting nanostructures. The enhanced absorption intensity observed in Orientation A reflects strong coupling between the adsorbed CP molecule and

• . This suggests that the interaction between CP molecules and ZnS NT in Orientation D is minimal, resulting in negligible modifications to the electronic structure. Such weak adsorption effects are consistent with configurations where molecular interactions are dominated by van der Waals forces rather

Towards a quantitative theory for transmission X-ray microscopy

• James G. McNally,
• Christoph Pratsch,
• Stephan Werner,
• Stefan Rehbein,
• Andrew Gibbs,
• Jihao Wang,
• Thomas Lunkenbein,
• Peter Guttmann and
• Gerd Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1113–1128, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.82

• nm, from which quantitative data are often extracted. For example, in materials science applications, nanoscale spectromicroscopy [5][6][7][8] is used to examine a sample around its absorption edges, which provides insights into its electronic structure. In biomedical applications [9][10][11][12

Single-layer graphene oxide film grown on α-Al₂O₃(0001) for use as an adsorbent

• Shiro Entani,
• Mitsunori Honda,
• Masaru Takizawa and
• Makoto Kohda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1082–1087, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.79

• . In this study, the SLGO surface after Cs adsorption was analyzed by surface analytical tools. This enabled us to elucidate the adsorbing sites and electronic state of Cs on SLGO. Additionally, we examined the electronic structure of Cs adsorbed on SLGO in several different solutions with pH values of

• 4, 7, and 9. Both the electronic structure and the normalized amount of Cs adsorbates were dependent on the pH scale. These fundamental aspects provide us important information for developing new adsorbent materials using GO. Results and Discussion Large-area and single-layer graphene oxide growth

• to σ*(C=O) transitions, respectively [26][27][28]. It is also found that P3 and P4 show no X-ray incident angle dependence, which suggests that oxygen functional groups attached to graphene have no particular orientation distribution. Cs adsorption The electronic structure of Cs-adsorbed SLGO was

Structural and magnetic properties of microwave-synthesized reduced graphene oxide/VO₂/Fe₂O₃ nanocomposite

• Sumanta Sahoo,
• Ankur Sood and
• Sung Soo Han

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 921–932, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.70

• demonstrating improved magnetic characteristics due to alterations in the electronic structure. To further comprehend the elemental composition of GVF, the elemental analysis was also performed, and the corresponding elemental distribution and EDX spectrum are shown in Figure 5a,b. The SEM image displays a wide

Heat-induced transformation of nickel-coated polycrystalline diamond film studied in situ by XPS and NEXAFS

• Olga V. Sedelnikova,
• Yuliya V. Fedoseeva,
• Dmitriy V. Gorodetskiy,
• Yuri N. Palyanov,
• Elena V. Shlyakhova,
• Eugene A. Maksimovskiy,
• Anna A. Makarova,
• Lyubov G. Bulusheva and
• Aleksandr V. Okotrub

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 887–898, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.67

• coating on the electronic structure and chemical state of graphite layers formed on the surface of a polycrystalline diamond (PCD) film with mixed grain orientation was studied. A synthetic single-crystal diamond (SCD) with a polished (110) face was examined for comparison. The samples were coated with a

Insights into the electronic and atomic structures of cerium oxide-based ultrathin films and nanostructures using high-brilliance light sources

• Paola Luches and
• Federico Boscherini

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 860–871, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.65

• desorbed from the surface with the uptake of oxygen from cerium oxide [58]. The same method was used to investigate the same system also during exposure to water and to laser light at different temperatures [59]. Also in this case the Cu dopant ions were found to be active in modifying the electronic

• structure of CeO2 and in enabling a more efficient hydrogen production at lower temperatures, as compared to the pure oxide [59]. Dynamic studies of photoexcited states The advent of X-ray free electron lasers has opened entirely new research pathways in the field of oxides for energy applications. The

Supramolecular hydration structure of graphene-based hydrogels: density functional theory, green chemistry and interface application

• Hon Nhien Le,
• Duy Khanh Nguyen,
• Minh Triet Dang,
• Huyen Trinh Nguyen,
• Thi Bang Tam Dao,
• Trung Do Nguyen,
• Chi Nhan Ha Thuc and
• Van Hieu Le

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 806–822, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.61

• implemented in electronic structure calculations. Generalized gradient approximation of Perdew–Burke–Ernzerhof (GGA-PBE) was used for describing exchange-correlation energy of electron–electron interactions. The correction of van der Waals dispersion energy was applied using the DFT-D3 method proposed by

Thickness dependent oxidation in CrCl₃: a scanning X-ray photoemission and Kelvin probe microscopies study

• Shafaq Kazim,
• Rahul Parmar,
• Maryam Azizinia,
• Matteo Amati,
• Muhammad Rauf,
• Andrea Di Cicco,
• Seyed Javid Rezvani,
• Dario Mastrippolito,
• Luca Ottaviano,
• Tomasz Klimczuk,
• Luca Gregoratti and
• Roberto Gunnella

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 749–761, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.58

• importance, limited experimental research has been conducted on the electronic structure of CrX3 [5][6]. According to previously published photoelectron spectroscopy results, CrX3 belongs to metal compounds in which the 3d states are very close to the Fermi level, significantly above the 3p/4p/5p states of

• effect) [19][20][21]. A well-known and suitable technique to investigate the electronic structure of surfaces is X-ray photoemission spectro-microscopy [22][6]; in order to obtain the necessary spatial resolution, the beam size must be reduced to tens of nanometers. The Electron Spectroscopy for Chemical

Nanostructured materials characterized by scanning photoelectron spectromicroscopy

• Matteo Amati,
• Alexey S. Shkvarin,
• Alexander I. Merentsov,
• Alexander N. Titov,
• María Taeño,
• David Maestre,
• Sarah R. McKibbin,
• Zygmunt Milosz,
• Ana Cremades,
• Rainer Timm and
• Luca Gregoratti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 700–710, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.54

• regarding its electronic structure, where emphasis is common for the study of the Ni 2p signal up to now. However, some discrepancies are still reported on the correct assignment of XPS features [45]. Additionally, less research has been done so far in the analysis of the Ni 3p signal, the study of which

• corresponding CL spectrum. XPS measurements provide valuable information on the electronic structure and properties of the NiO samples, which strongly support the development of potential applications including gas sensors and optical resonators [43][47]. Conclusion SPEM is a synchrotron-based technique

Retrieval of B1 phase from high-pressure B2 phase for CdO nanoparticles by electronic excitations in Cd_xZn_1−xO composite thin films

• Arkaprava Das,
• Marcin Zając and
• Carla Bittencourt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 551–560, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.43

• . Influence of ion irradiation on electronic structure from XANES spectra Figure 4a,b presents the XANES spectra at the O K and Zn L3,2 edges for the CZ900_Pris, CZ900_313O, and CZ900_313Ag thin films. The spectra for the O K and Zn L3,2 edge for the CZ900_Pris sample are reproduced from our previous

Performance optimization of a microwave-coupled plasma-based ultralow-energy ECR ion source for silicon nanostructuring

• Joy Mukherjee,
• Safiul Alam Mollick,
• Tanmoy Basu and
• Tapobrata Som

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 484–494, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.37

• irradiated for shorter periods of time. The change in reflectivity depends on the change in the electronic structure as well as surface topography of the material. A change in electronic structure can be related to changes in chemical nature, impurity incorporation on the surface, and amorphization of the

ReactorAFM/STM – dynamic reactions on surfaces at elevated temperature and atmospheric pressure

• Tycho Roorda,
• Hamed Achour,
• Matthijs A. van Spronsen,
• Marta E. Cañas-Ventura,
• Sander B. Roobol,
• Willem Onderwaater,
• Mirthe Bergman,
• Peter van der Tuijn,
• Gertjan van Baarle,
• Johan W. Bakker,
• Joost W. M. Frenken and
• Irene M. N. Groot

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 397–406, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.30

• electronic structure changes of the surface under reaction conditions. Variations in the root-mean-squared current signal verifies that the surface is undergoing oxidation. Furthermore, with an industrially relevant example of cobalt nanoparticles on an oxide support, we were able to image the catalyst

• , capable of studying materials under industrially relevant conditions. Here we show current developments of the ReactorAFM/STM, implementing a qPlus sensor to add the ability of combining atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) techniques to study the geometric and electronic

• structure of materials under reaction conditions. We demonstrate this by imaging a Pd(100) single crystal at 450 K with combined AFM/STM. The surface is compared under ultrahigh vacuum and under 0.5 bar O2 pressure showing a notable increase in RMS current, which we attribute to oxidation. Also, we study

Engineered PEG–PCL nanoparticles enable sensitive and selective detection of sodium dodecyl sulfate: a qualitative and quantitative analysis

• Soni Prajapati and
• Ranjana Singh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 385–396, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.29

• upon binding to the PEG–PCL NPs. As such, PEG–PCL NPs are colorless. Adding SDS further modifies this interaction, resulting in a red shift from blue to light blue. This color change is a direct consequence of the formation of the SDS–PEG–PCL NPs–dye complex, which alters the electronic structure of

Emerging strategies in the sustainable removal of antibiotics using semiconductor-based photocatalysts

• Yunus Ahmed,
• Keya Rani Dutta,
• Parul Akhtar,
• Md. Arif Hossen,
• Md. Jahangir Alam,
• Obaid A. Alharbi,
• Hamad AlMohamadi and
• Abdul Wahab Mohammad

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 264–285, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.21

• to degrade antibiotics under the illumination of UV and visible light [83][84]. They also possess a distinctive electronic structure with the VB containing Bi 6s and O 2p orbitals [54]. This distinctive configuration results in a more pronounced absorption edge in the visible light spectrum. The

• 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) to enhance the energy band and electronic structure of g-C3N4. The pefloxacin degradation efficiency of the g-C3N4/TCNQ catalytic system was four times higher than that of pristine g-C3N4. By combining thiourea with 3-aminopyridine, researchers modified the

Various CVD-grown ZnO nanostructures for nanodevices and interdisciplinary applications

• The-Long Phan,
• Le Viet Cuong,
• Vu Dinh Lam and
• Ngoc Toan Dang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1390–1399, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.112

• surface effects dependent on the surface-to-volume ratio, which directly influences the electronic structure and the crystal structure symmetry. Thus, the study and fabrication of nanomaterials not only aim at exploring novel approaches of quantum physics, but also at realizing new multifunctional

AI-assisted models to predict chemotherapy drugs modified with C₆₀ fullerene derivatives

• Jonathan-Siu-Loong Robles-Hernández,
• Dora Iliana Medina,
• Katerin Aguirre-Hurtado,
• Marlene Bosquez,
• Roberto Salcedo and
• Alan Miralrio

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1170–1188, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.95

• 243.22 Å2, were modified. Also, after the introduction of the polar group, the RBC varied from 1 to 10. The fullerene derivative C60–COOH was expected to modify the electronic structure of the composed systems. In consequence, the energy of the HOMO of the complexes was recomputed for the globally

Local work function on graphene nanoribbons

• Daniel Rothhardt,
• Amina Kimouche,
• Tillmann Klamroth and
• Regina Hoffmann-Vogel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1125–1131, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.91

• bright extensions at the side of the GNR also associated with darker regions of the LCPD of the GNR. The electronic states of kinks in GNRs have been studied on a narrower type of GNR in [39]. Only small modifications of their electronic structure have been found. Here, we show that small structural

Ca_n neutral clusters: a two-step G₀W₀ and DFT benchmark

• Sunila Bakhsh,
• Sameen Aslam,
• Muhammad Khalid,
• Muhammad Sohail,
• Sundas Zafar,
• Sumayya Abdul Wadood,
• Kareem Morsy and
• Muhammad Aamir Iqbal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1010–1016, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.82

• small Ca clusters of up to 20 atoms, the structure, energies, and electronic structure were studied within the all-electron DFT approach. Our work aims to present the intricate characteristics of small Ca clusters by employing the DFT and state-of-the-art G0W0 approximation, which was recently used to

• a higher abundance, which suggests they should be chemically more stable. In summary, predicting the ionization potentials adds to our understanding of the electronic structure and energetics of the calcium clusters. This benchmark may provide useful insights for future exploration of size-dependent

A review on the structural characterization of nanomaterials for nano-QSAR models

• Salvador Moncho,
• Eva Serrano-Candelas,
• Jesús Vicente de Julián-Ortiz and
• Rafael Gozalbes

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 854–866, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.71

• incorporating the electronic structure in the model, that is, by using the electron configuration of the elements (e.g., by using electron configuration fingerprints) [32]. In this way, the atomic orbitals can be easily represented and used to estimate the molecular/crystal orbitals in the NM without requiring