Ultrathin water layers on mannosylated gold nanoparticles

• Maiara A. Iriarte Alonso,
• Jorge H. Melillo,
• Silvina Cerveny,
• Yujin Tong and
• Alexander M. Bittner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2183–2198, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.151

• hydrophobic tips. While VSFG indicated preferential hydration of the dimannoside and proved conformational changes in the organic ligands, AFM provided sub-nanometer changes in particle topography due to water adsorption. In general, the dimannoside nanoparticles condense ultrathin water layers upon humidity

• inorganic surfaces, usually modified with organic layers, and probed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), vibrational sum frequency generation (VSFG), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). For VSFG and AFM, we systematically varied the relative air humidity (RH). DLS and ZP yield particle size

• organic layers. In contrast, VSFG was applied to obtain interface-sensitive information on CH and OH bonds at the AuNP/air interface, under hydration and dehydration. We also used a deuterated water (D2O) atmosphere to distinguish the mannosyl hydroxy groups from adsorbed and absorbed water. Absorption is

Missing links in nanomaterials research impacting productivity and perceptions

• Santosh K. Tiwari and
• Nannan Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2168–2176, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.149

• nanoscale science to commercial technology is complex, involving multiple layers of regulation, safety, interdisciplinary integration, and market readiness. Need of dedicated regulatory systems Although experts and policymakers at various levels often question the output and commercial viability of

Electron transport through nanoscale multilayer graphene and hexagonal boron nitride junctions

• Aleksandar Staykov and
• Takaya Fujisaki

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2132–2143, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.147

• ) method combined with density functional theory (DFT) to compare electron transport through several layers of nanoscale graphene and hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN). Calculations were performed for one to six layers, corresponding to thicknesses of 0.5–3.0 nm, respectively. Electron transport was computed

• perpendicular to the layers in the stacking direction. We compared the decay of the current with the number of layers and evaluated the ability of h-BN to filter currents as a material coating. To investigate the effect of disorder, we included two major defects in the graphene lattice, namely, nitrogen doping

• [22]. The electron tunneling through ultrathin h-BN crystalline barriers was investigated recently with experimental techniques showing exponential decay of the current with the number of layers [23]. Accurate density functional theory (DFT) calculations demonstrated the bandgap change in one to eight

Rapid synthesis of highly monodisperse AgSbS₂ nanocrystals: unveiling multifaceted activities in cancer therapy, antibacterial strategies, and antioxidant defense

• Funda Ulusu,
• Adem Sarilmaz,
• Yakup Ulusu,
• Faruk Ozel and
• Mahmut Kus

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2105–2115, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.145

• their simpler outer membranes compared to those of gram-negative species. The moderate effectiveness of AgSbS2 NCs against E. coli (MIC and MBC; 1.0 mg/mL and 2.0 mg/mL, respectively) also aligns with findings in nanoparticle research where the outer lipopolysaccharide layers of gram-negative bacteria

Molecular and mechanical insights into gecko seta adhesion: multiscale simulations combining molecular dynamics and the finite element method

• Yash Jain,
• Saeed Norouzi,
• Tobias Materzok,
• Stanislav N. Gorb and
• Florian Müller-Plathe

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2055–2076, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.141

• surface, and a 13 nm thick amorphous bulk below, which matched the same bead density as our previous random-substrate model. All substrate beads had identical interactions with the spatula, and both layers were held fixed in space. Since the regular top monolayer differed from the fully random arrangement

Evaluating metal-organic precursors for focused ion beam-induced deposition through solid-layer decomposition analysis

• Benedykt R. Jany,
• Katarzyna Madajska,
• Aleksandra Butrymowicz-Kubiak,
• Franciszek Krok and
• Iwona B. Szymańska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1942–1951, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.135

• new metal-organic precursors, in the form of supported thick layers, to the ion beam irradiation is studied through analysis of the chemical composition and morphology of the resulting structures. This is done using SEM backscattered electron/energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy along with machine

• studies. Here, we present a pathway for unraveling how the chemical composition of metal-organic precursors affects their decomposition when irradiated with FIB in the form of supported layers. A decomposition process of the studied layer was quantitatively monitored by scanning electron microscopy

• analysis of nanostructures [33]. Finally, we determined the quantitative chemical composition of the formed metal-rich deposits (structures). While the decomposition of precursor layers presents a significant challenge compared to gas-phase deposition driven by differing mechanisms, our approach of layer

Quantum circuits with SINIS structures

• Mikhail Tarasov,
• Mikhail Fominskii,
• Aleksandra Gunbina,
• Artem Krasilnikov,
• Maria Mansfeld,
• Dmitrii Kukushkin,
• Andrei Maruhno,
• Valeria Ievleva,
• Mikhail Strelkov,
• Daniil Zhogov,
• Konstantin Arutyunov,
• Vyacheslav Vdovin,
• Vladislav Stolyarov and
• Valerian Edelman

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1931–1941, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.134

• layers and ensures ease of manufacturing a tunnel barrier, in contrast to Nb-based technology, which requires the formation of an artificial anodic oxide or an additional insulating layer to prevent short circuits, as well as an additional Al layer to form an AlOx or AlN tunnel barrier. Results NIS

• different layers of superconducting aluminum and normal metal (e.g., copper). In case of chemical wet etching, this is achieved through an alkali and acid pair, for dry etching, chlorine and fluorine plasmas are used. Alternatively, in the case of magnetron sputtering and separate lithography, ion etching

PEGylated lipids in lipid nanoparticle delivery dynamics and therapeutic innovation

• Peiyang Gao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1914–1930, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.133

• [24]. However, the effectiveness of this barrier depends on PEG density, molecular weight, and chain configuration. The previously mentioned high-density PEG layers in a “brush” conformation are particularly effective at repelling proteins compared to lower-density “mushroom” configurations, which may

• regimes, ρPEG < 0.32 nm−2, permit substantial protein binding due to sparse PEG coverage, whereas intermediate densities, 0.32 nm−2 < ρPEG < 0.96 nm−2, show partial shielding. High-density PEG layers, ρPEG > 0.96 nm−2, in a “brush” conformation are particularly effective at repelling proteins, achieving

Targeting the vector of arboviruses Aedes aegypti with nanoemulsions based on essential oils: a review with focus on larvicidal and repellent properties

• Laryssa Ferreira do Nascimento Silva,
• Douglas Dourado,
• Thayse Silva Medeiros,
• Mariana Alice Gonzaga Gabú,
• Maria Cecilia Queiroga dos Santos,
• Daiane Rodrigues dos Santos,
• Mylena Lemos dos Santos,
• Gabriel Bezerra Faierstein,
• Rosângela Maria Rodrigues Barbosa and
• Fabio Rocha Formiga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1894–1913, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.132

Programmable soliton dynamics in all-Josephson-junction logic cells and networks

• Vsevolod I. Ruzhickiy,
• Anastasia A. Maksimovskaya,
• Sergey V. Bakurskiy,
• Andrey E. Schegolev,
• Maxim V. Tereshonok,
• Mikhail Yu. Kupriyanov,
• Nikolay V. Klenov and
• Igor I. Soloviev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1883–1893, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.131

• ], voltage [20], or magnetic fields [21][22]. At the same time, the use of hybrid superconductor–normal metal structures makes it possible to increase the effect of frequency tuning [23][24], while the addition of ferromagnetic layers permits the non-volatile control [25][26]. Another feature of tunable

Current status of using adsorbent nanomaterials for removing microplastics from water supply systems: a mini review

• Nguyen Thi Nhan and
• Tran Le Luu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1837–1850, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.127

• range of 1–20 μm can easily pass through the filter layers, limiting the overall removal efficiency [41]. These observations highlight the persistence of MPs, especially those with small sizes, in treated water, revealing the limitations of current technologies and the need for ongoing innovation in

Phytol-loaded soybean oil nanoemulsion as a promising alternative against Leishmania amazonensis

• Victória Louise Pinto Freire,
• Mariana Farias Alves-Silva,
• Johny W. de Freitas Oliveira,
• Matheus de Freitas Fernandes-Pedrosa,
• Alianda Maira Cornélio,
• Marcelo de Souza-Silva,
• Thayse Silva Medeiros and
• Arnóbio Antônio da Silva Junior

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1826–1836, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.126

• surface curvature and increased solute concentration at the droplet interface in the aqueous phase. Such structural features can promote a higher drug flux and localized delivery in the skin layers [34][35][36]. Chiu et al. (2024) reported a significant increase in curcumin skin permeability when carried

Piezoelectricity of layered double hydroxides: perspectives regarding piezocatalysis and nanogenerators

• Evgeniy S. Seliverstov,
• Evgeniya A. Tarasenko and
• Olga E. Lebedeva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1812–1817, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.124

• synthetic layered hydroxides, also called hydrotalcite-like compounds, have a number of unique properties inherent to this class of materials [3]. LDHs easily undergo targeted modification because the composition of cations in the hydroxide layers and anions in the interlayer space can be varied over a wide

• current output. The piezoelectric potential generated in the ZnO nanosheets functions as an applied voltage, facilitating charge storage within the LDH layers, which act as capacitors. This mechanism leads to enhanced voltage and current pulses under mechanical stimulation. LDHs can also enhance the

• bulk materials with centrosymmetric properties, display piezoelectricity when reduced to a single or few layers due to the loss of their inversion centers. An actively developing area of piezocatalysis is its application to enhance photocatalytic reactions, called piezo-photocatalysis. Zn/Al-LDHs with

Electrical, photocatalytic, and sensory properties of graphene oxide and polyimide implanted with low- and medium-energy silver ions

• Josef Novák,
• Eva Štěpanovská,
• Petr Malinský,
• Vlastimil Mazánek,
• Jan Luxa,
• Ulrich Kentsch and
• Zdeněk Sofer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1794–1811, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.123

• for the precise introduction of implanted atoms into the surface layers without the need for subsequent chemical modification, thus opening new possibilities in the development of functional thin films. In this study, Ag ions were used to modify polymer matrices to improve chemical and electronic

• implantation primarily affects subsurface layers, leading to bulk modifications with more gradual structural changes and less surface sputtering. The details of the energy stopping powers at the depth of ion implantation are given in Figure 1. Elemental characterization by RBS and ERDA The elemental

• formation of free radicals and their subsequent recombination [26]. The results obtained from the XPS analysis, in conjunction with the RBS findings, reveal a consistent trend indicative of ongoing carbonization processes occurring in the surface layers of the PI samples. The reduction in oxygen-containing

Multifunctional anionic nanoemulsion with linseed oil and lecithin: a preliminary approach for dry eye disease

• Niédja Fittipaldi Vasconcelos,
• Almerinda Agrelli,
• Rayane Cristine Santos da Silva,
• Carina Lucena Mendes-Marques,
• Isabel Renata de Souza Arruda,
• Priscilla Stela Santana de Oliveira,
• Mércia Liane de Oliveira and
• Giovanna Machado

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1711–1733, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.120

• ingredient [1]. NEs are designed as droplets that can potentially replenish the lipid layer in DED patients, mimicking the trilayered structure of the tear film, consisting of lipid, aqueous, and mucin layers [13][15][18][20]. According to the literature, the tear film compromises the stability of NE

• addition to PFAs, phospholipids are notable for their structure, which includes a hydrophilic part (phosphate groups) and a hydrophobic part (fatty acid chains). This unique configuration allows phospholipids to interact at the interface between the lipid and aqueous layers of the tear film, increasing its

Beyond the bilayer: multilayered hygroscopic actuation in pine cone scales

• Kim Ulrich,
• Max David Mylo,
• Tom Masselter,
• Fabian Scheckenbach,
• Sophia Fischerbauer,
• Martin Nopens,
• Silja Flenner,
• Imke Greving,
• Linnea Hesse and
• Thomas Speck

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1695–1710, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.119

• ]. Although recent advances in the study of pine cone scales have revealed the involvement of more than two tissue layers (sclereid cells, brown tissue, and sclerenchyma fibers) that may themselves contain a gradient [18][19][23][24], the relationship between these gradients and the resulting axis-dependent

Ambient pressure XPS at MAX IV

• Mattia Scardamaglia,
• Ulrike Küst,
• Alexander Klyushin,
• Rosemary Jones,
• Jan Knudsen,
• Robert Temperton,
• Andrey Shavorskiy and
• Esko Kokkonen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1677–1694, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.118

• environment, atomic layer deposition (ALD) is another field particularly developed at MAX IV. Also, the ultrahigh brightness of MAX IV ring, joined with in-house developments, make feasible in the soft X-ray regime, experiments accessing liquid layers and their interfaces with solids, opening up to completely

• and allows the CO to intercalate and then oxidize. Rather than studying the reaction below 2D materials, Scardamaglia et al. investigated graphene and hBN as protective layers for copper metal surfaces in a reactive environment [31]. In operando experiments with a linear temperature ramp in 2 mbar O2

• , bare copper rapidly oxidized to Cu2O at room temperature and further to CuO at ~200 °C. However, with hBN or graphene layers, oxidation was significantly delayed. Both 2D materials retard the oxidation of Cu by more than 120 °C, but with different kinetics. The behavior of hBN/Cu is relatively simple

Nanotechnology-based approaches for the removal of microplastics from wastewater: a comprehensive review

• Nayanathara O Sanjeev,
• Manjunath Singanodi Vallabha and
• Rebekah Rubidha Lisha Rabi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1607–1632, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.114

• , and Tx represents surface functional groups like oxygen, fluorine, hydroxy, or hydrogen. MXenes are synthesized by selective removal of A-layers with elements from group IIIA or IVA, such as aluminium or silicon, from a parent material. This process results in a nanomaterial with an expansive surface

Bioinspired polypropylene-based functionally graded materials and metamaterials modeling the mistletoe–host interface

• Lina M. Rojas González,
• Naeim Ghavidelnia,
• Christoph Eberl and
• Max D. Mylo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1592–1606, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.113

• between layers of different materials [22]. Thus, almost all functionally graded metamaterials are limited to structural gradients and do not feature material gradients. Nature is one prime example of multihierarchical structuring and gradation, which can be found in various forms and on different scales

• failure over large parts of the specimen. For the graded and inversely graded metamaterials, a significant strain concentration in a similar range was observed in the area of the 1–2 thinnest layers of the beams (graded metamaterial) and the 2–3 thinnest layers of the beams (inversely graded metamaterial

Modeling magnetic properties of cobalt nanofilms used as a component of spin hybrid superconductor–ferromagnetic structures

• Aleksey Fedotov,
• Olesya Severyukhina,
• Anastasia Salomatina and
• Anatolie Sidorenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1557–1566, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.110

• parameters of the modeled nanoscale systems. It was found that the magnetic energy and magnetization norm of the system change in a nonlinear manner with increasing number of crystalline layers of the nanofilm. The peaks found on the graph of the magnetization rate change can be caused by surface effects in

• energy are in the range of −4.56 to −4.53 eV. Such behavior of the magnetic energy can be related to the fact that with increasing thickness of the nanofilm, the fraction of its surface atoms decreases and the influence of various surface effects decreases. As the number of crystalline layers of the

• components with peaks is observed at nanofilm thicknesses of 6, 10, and 12 crystal cells. The intensity of the peaks decreases with increasing thickness of the cobalt layers, which is clearly visible in Figure 6. The value of each next mode decreased in absolute value by more than 50% compared to the

Transient electronics for sustainability: Emerging technologies and future directions

• Jae-Young Bae,
• Myung-Kyun Choi and
• Seung-Kyun Kang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1545–1556, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.109

• masking for use as channel layers or gate oxide layers in transistors [14][48][63]. Also printable electronics have been realized by blending bioresorbable fillers into polymers such as Zn (or W)-poly(ethylene oxide), Zn-polyvinylpyrrolidone, Mo-polybutanedithiol-1,3,5-triallyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6(1H,3H

• electronic devices on a large-area substrate, such as a silicon wafer, followed by backside etching to remove the handle or box layers, thereby isolating the functional thin film for transfer onto a biodegradable substrate. This wafer-level technique offers a promising route to large-area, high-resolution

• semiconductor processes, the substitution of conventional dielectric and metal layers with biodegradable counterparts suggests the feasibility of wafer-scale foundry integration (Figure 2d) [80]. For example, the foundry-scale fabrication of transient complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor devices (inverter

Cross-reactivities in conjugation reactions involving iron oxide nanoparticles

• Shoronia N. Cross,
• Katalin V. Korpany,
• Hanine Zakaria and
• Amy Szuchmacher Blum

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1504–1521, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.106

• (IONPs) with functional organic molecules is a major area of research for biomedical applications. Conjugation reactions, such as carbodiimide coupling and the highly selective class of reactions known as “click chemistry”, have been instrumental in tailoring the ligand layers of IONPs to produce

Laser processing in liquids: insights into nanocolloid generation and thin film integration for energy, photonic, and sensing applications

• Akshana Parameswaran Sreekala,
• Pooja Raveendran Nair,
• Jithin Kundalam Kadavath,
• Bindu Krishnan,
• David Avellaneda Avellaneda,
• M. R. Anantharaman and
• Sadasivan Shaji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1428–1498, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.104

• liquid to spread naturally and form elliptical or circular layers with diameters of 15–20 mm. The estimated liquid layer thickness was 1.6–2.8 mm. After the drop-casting process, about 5.4 mg of Ag NPs were deposited, resulting in a dried layer thickness of approximately 1.6–2.9 µm [120]. The

• deposition process [123]. However, this method has not yet been established for laser-processed colloids, making it an area open for further exploration. 2.3 Doctor blade technique The doctor blade technique is a method used to prepare layers with a precise and controlled thickness. One of its key advantages

Photochemical synthesis of silver nanoprisms via green LED irradiation and evaluation of SERS activity

• Tuan Anh Mai-Ngoc,
• Nhi Kieu Vo,
• Cong Danh Nguyen,
• Thi Kim Xuan Nguyen and
• Thanh Sinh Do

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1417–1427, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.103

• play decisive roles, namely, the source of silver ions (Ag+) and the reducing agent that converts Ag+ to metallic silver (Ag0). Upon LED irradiation of the system containing initial AgNPs seeds, the atomic layers of silver at the nanoparticle surfaces are excited and oxidized by dissolved oxygen in the

Synthesis and antibacterial properties of nanosilver-modified cellulose triacetate membranes for seawater desalination

• Lei Wang,
• Shizhe Li,
• Kexin Xu,
• Wenjun Li,
• Ying Li and
• Gang Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1380–1391, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.100

• and Ag) are present in extremely low quantities relative to the CTA matrix. (For specific details on the content of the modifying layers, please refer to Supporting Information File 1.) The sensitivity of FTIR spectroscopy depends on the concentration of the absorbed species and the path length of the

• Information File 1, Figure S4. The EDS maps confirm the presence of N and Ag within the layers of PCTA and Ag@PCTA, respectively, and provide additional evidence for the structural and compositional analysis. The EDS mapping confirms that both PDA and Ag have been successfully deposited onto the surface of