Towards targeted drugs and next generation of nanomedicines

• Anna Salvati,
• Silvia Giordani and
• Wolfgang J. Parak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 598–601, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.41

• , Germany 10.3762/bjnano.17.41 Keywords: cellular uptake; drug delivery; intracellular trafficking; nanomedicine; nanoparticles; tumor microenvironment; Nanomedicine is dedicated to the application of nanotechnology in the medical field. Nanosized materials are intended for delivering drugs to their

• potentially create synergistic effects for the treatment of complex pathologies [1][2][3]. Since the approval of the first liposomal drug for cancer therapy, Doxil [4], multiple nanomedicines have reached the market, including lipid nanoparticles for RNA delivery used worldwide for the vaccines against SARS

• for colloids, which were investigated also long before they were called "nanoparticles". On the other hand, such argument leaves out the fact that lipid-based drug carriers and colloids used today in nanomedicine are quite distinct from the ones from the past. For instance, the lipid nanoparticles

Laser–material interactions in liquids for the synthesis of nanomaterials: current status and perspectives

• Carlos Doñate Buendia,
• Bilal Gökce and
• Leonid V. Zhigilei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 571–575, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.38

• of Wuppertal, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Virginia, 395 McCormick Road, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4745, USA 10.3762/bjnano.17.38 Keywords: colloidal nanoparticles; green synthesis of nanoparticles; laser ablation in liquids; laser

• –matter interactions; laser processing in liquids; In the ever-evolving landscape of materials science and nanotechnology, laser synthesis and processing of colloids (LSPC) has emerged [1] as a powerful and versatile technique for producing high-purity, surfactant-free nanoparticles from a wide range of

• generation of surfactant-free, high-purity colloidal nanoparticles. Laser fragmentation in liquids (LFL), in turn, involves the irradiation of colloidal micro- or nanoparticle suspensions with high-intensity pulses above the fragmentation threshold, leading to size reduction through photomechanical or

Advances in nanotechnology applied to natural products

• Douglas Dourado,
• Fábio Rocha Formiga,
• Éverton do Nascimento Alencar and
• Franceline Reynaud

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 555–558, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.36

• nanoplatforms for the delivery of natural products, offering structural stability, tunable release profiles, and controllable surface properties [20]. Polymeric nanoparticles, in particular, can protect bioactive compounds, potentially reduce off-target toxicity, and enhance specific biological responses

• nanomaterials, particularly metallic nanoparticles. Metallic nanoparticles, typically defined as structures with diameters between 1 and 100 nm, exhibit distinctive electrical, optical, and magnetic properties that support a broad range of applications [26]. They can be obtained via green synthesis using

• , metallic nanoparticles have shown promise in antiseptic and therapeutic contexts, including the prevention of biofilm formation and infection in dentistry, integration into restorative or regenerative dental materials, and modulation of biological responses in clinical treatments [28]. Overall, the

Probing internal continua and atomic ultrafast charge transfer within size-controlled nanoparticles by post-collision interaction in core-hole clock spectroscopy

• Johannes Lütgert,
• Erika Giangrisostomi,
• Nomi L. A. N. Sorgenfrei and
• Alexander Föhlisch

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 505–514, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.33

• experimental approach enables the simultaneous observation of collective electronic properties and atom-specific dynamics within in a single measurement under identical sample conditions, an advance particularly valuable for complex, sensitive materials. Keywords: core-hole clock; nanoparticles; post

• -collision-interaction; quantum dots; resonant Auger spectroscopy; Introduction The interplay of electron localization, itinerance, and charge transfer is essential to functional nanoparticles and quantum dots (QDs) [1][2][3][4][5][6]. In terms of electronic structure properties, materials on the nanoscale

• nanoparticles via a line-shape analysis revealing post-collision interaction (PCI) effects within the conduction band continuum. We investigate CdSe/ZnS core–shell nanoparticles with a constant CdSe core size of 3.5 nm and varying shell thicknesses of ZnS that allow for atomic layer control with narrow size

Upcycling agroindustrial waste into graphene oxide supports for gold nanoparticles: toward sustainable nanomaterials

• Juan Marcos Castro-Tapia,
• Selene Acosta,
• Hiram Joazet Ojeda-Galván,
• Elsie Evelyn Araujo-Palomo,
• Edgar Giovanni Villabona-Leal and
• Mildred Quintana

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 489–504, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.32

• UV–vis, ATR-FTIR, XPS, XRD, and Raman measurements, complemented by TGA and TEM to assess optical properties, surface chemistry, and structural and morphological features. Additionally, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were photochemically deposited onto Agro-GO to evaluate its potential for nanotechnology

• of transforming agroindustrial waste into high-value graphene-based nanomaterials and highlight the potential of sustainable synthesis routes for advancing environmentally responsible carbon-based technologies. Keywords: agroindustrial waste; gold nanoparticles; graphene oxide; green synthesis

• becomes essential to investigate the functionalization potential of Agro-GO materials as viable alternatives to conventionally produced GO [29]. The integration of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) onto GO yields hybrid materials with synergistic enhancements, such as improved conductivity, plasmonic activity

Defects and defect-mediated engineering of two-dimensional materials: challenges and open questions

• Arkady V. Krasheninnikov,
• Matthias Batzill,
• Anouar-Akacha Delenda,
• Marija Drndić,
• Chris Ewels,
• Katharina J. Franke,
• Mahdi Ghorbani-Asl,
• Alexander Holleitner,
• Ado Jorio,
• Ute Kaiser,
• Daria Kieczka,
• Hannu-Pekka Komsa,
• Jani Kotakoski,
• Manuel Längle,
• David Lamprecht,
• Yun Liu,
• Steven G. Louie,
• Janina Maultzsch,
• Thomas Michely,
• Katherine Milton,
• Anna Niggas,
• Hanako Okuno,
• Joshua A. Robinson,
• Marika Schleberger,
• Bruno Schuler,
• Alexander Shluger,
• Kazu Suenaga,
• Kristian S. Thygesen,
• Richard A. Wilhelm,
• E. Harriet Åhlgren and
• Carla Bittencourt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 454–488, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.31

Nanocarrier-integrated multilayer films produced by 3D printing for improved skin adhesion and curcumin photostability

• Thayse Viana de Oliveira,
• Ana Paula Farias Leão,
• Júlia Leão,
• Cesar Liberato Petzhold and
• Ruy Carlos Ruver Beck

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 440–453, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.30

• for incorporation into topical dosage forms such as emulsions, fibres, films, and hydrogels for wound-healing applications. However, curcumin also exhibits low aqueous solubility, which limits its use in certain formulations [18]. Nanoparticles have the potential to overcome this limitation, as they

• enable the development of formulations with reduced particle sizes (typically between 100 and 500 nm) and tailored physicochemical properties [19][20]. In the pharmaceutical context, nanoparticles, including polymeric nanoparticles, have been extensively investigated as drug carriers. The use of

• inhibiting MRSA growth in vivo in a murine wound model [21]. More recently, Terzopoulou et al. developed collagen patches containing chitosan nanoparticles loaded with curcumin, which showed efficacy against psoriasis in in vitro assays [22]. Similarly, Olmos-Juste et al. employed 3D printing to produce

Nanoinformatics: spanning scales, systems and solutions

• Iseult Lynch,
• Diego S. T. Martinez,
• Kunal Roy and
• Georgia Melagraki

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 423–427, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.28

• nanomaterial’s behaviour, preparation, or test conditions) [2]. Voyiatzis et al. computationally studied, using atomistic molecular dynamics simulations, the morphological transformations (from molten/amorphous to crystalline) during rapid cooling of 1–8 nm spherical gold and platinum nanoparticles (NPs), which

Biomimetic nanoparticles in cancer photodynamic therapy: a review of targeted delivery systems and therapeutic outcomes

• Valentina I. Gorbacheva,
• Alexey S. Grabovoy,
• Polina S. Marukhina,
• Anastasiia O. Syrocheva and
• Ekaterina P. Kolesova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 396–422, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.27

• nanoparticles (BNPs), which combine natural biological materials like cell membranes with synthetic nanocarriers, have emerged as versatile platforms to overcome these challenges. BNPs improve PDT by enhancing tumor-specific delivery of PSs, relieving hypoxia through oxygen delivery or catalytic oxygen

• treatments. Keywords: biomimetic nanoparticles; immunogenic cell death; nanocarriers; photodynamic therapy; targeted drug delivery; tumor hypoxia modulation; Review Introduction Cancer remains a formidable global health challenge, demanding innovative therapeutic strategies that balance efficacy with

• , nanoencapsulation strategies for PSs are being actively developed [7][8]. Encapsulation of hydrophobic PSs in nanocarriers such as liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, or micelles addresses solubility and stability, preventing aggregation [9]. Nanoparticles with sizes of 10–200 nm passively accumulate in tumor

Polycatecholamine nanocoatings on stainless steel: the effect on attachment of human fibroblasts and platelets

• Paulina Trzaskowska,
• Ewa Rybak,
• Maciej Trzaskowski,
• Kamil Kopeć,
• Jakub Krzemiński,
• Rafał Podgórski,
• Hatice Genc,
• Mehtap Civelek and
• Iwona Cicha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 365–380, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.25

• oxide and forsterite nanoparticles, all of which were shown to enhance fibroblast adhesion, migration, or proliferation [2][3][4][5]. Beyond orthopedic and dental uses, SS 316L is a standard material for cardiovascular implants, particularly stents, due to its strength, ductility and ability to form

• analyzed samples, only the SS-PTYR 24 h variant was characterized with a noticeably higher Ra (0.31 µm) than the control, which can be related to polytyrosine nanoparticles irregularly distributed on the surface. Rku values, representing the sharpness of the profile, also changed only slightly after

• /nanoparticles are visible, presumably consisting of PTYR (indicated by the red arrows). In contrast, the SS-PTYR 24 h coating seemed more homogenous. After the 28-day washing period, the particles were still present; thus, it was assumed that the PTYR coating both on SS-PTYR 30 min and SS-PTYR 24 h endured the

Beam shaping techniques for pulsed laser ablation in liquids: Unlocking tunable control of nanoparticle synthesis in liquids

• Sergio Molina-Prados,
• Nadezhda M. Bulgakova,
• Alexander V. Bulgakov,
• Jesus Lancis,
• Gladys Mínguez Vega and
• Carlos Doñate-Buendia

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 309–342, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.22

• highlighted, offering a comprehensive perspective on the future of this dynamic field. Keywords: green nanoparticles synthesis; PLAL; production upscale; pulsed laser ablation in liquids; size control; spatial beam shaping; temporal beam shaping; Review Introduction Pulsed laser ablation in liquids (PLAL

• , heating, and evaporation of the material, leading to plasma formation. The plasma cools down in the surrounding liquid releasing nanoparticles (NPs) into the liquid; the cooling process also generates gas bubbles from the liquid environment. These gas bubbles nucleate, forming a cavitation bubble (CB

Durable antimicrobial activity of fabrics functionalized with zeolite ion-exchanged nanomaterials against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli

• Perla Sánchez-López,
• Kendra Ramirez Acosta,
• Sergio Fuentes Moyado,
• Ruben Dario Cadena-Nava and
• Elena Smolentseva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 262–274, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.18

• nanotechnology has expanded into different areas of science, including physics, chemistry, biology, and medicine, over the past few decades [1][2]. Recently, nanoparticles (NPs), nanomaterials, and nanocomposites have been applied in various fields, including medicine and biotechnology, to reduce the recurrence

• nanoparticles act against viruses involves the interaction with the surface of the NPs, leading to adhesion and inactivation, thereby preventing the virion from entering the host cell. NPs release ions or transfer them to microorganisms, inducing oxidative stress. Given these possible mechanisms, viral

• ]. The antimicrobial activity of copper alloys (61–95% Cu) against E. coli O157 was tested at different temperatures (4 and 22 °C) [14]. The highest antibacterial effect was observed at 22 °C, but only alloys containing 95% of Cu completely killed E. coli. Chitosan–copper nanoparticles exhibited high

Gold nanoparticle-decorated reduced graphene oxide as a highly effective catalyst for the selective α,β-dehydrogenation of N-alkyl-4-piperidones

• Brenda Flore Kenyim,
• Mihir Tzalis,
• Marilyn Kaul,
• Robert Oestreich,
• Aysenur Limon,
• Chancellin Pecheu Nkepdep and
• Christoph Janiak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 218–238, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.15

• Brenda Flore Kenyim Mihir Tzalis Marilyn Kaul Robert Oestreich Aysenur Limon Chancellin Pecheu Nkepdep Christoph Janiak Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, 40204 Düsseldorf, Germany 10.3762/bjnano.17.15 Abstract Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) supported on

• the dehydrogenation of β-N-substituted saturated ketones and other fine chemical applications. Keywords: oxidative dehydrogenation; reduced graphene oxide; supported gold nanoparticles; β-N-substituted ketones; Introduction The properties related to the high surface area of matter at the nanometric

• development of highly efficient catalysts is of constant interest for advancements in organic chemistry, particularly in oxidation, hydrogenation, and coupling reactions. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have emerged as exceptionally effective catalysts for facilitating these types of reactions [3][4]. The unique

Structure-dependent thermochromism of PAZO thin films: theory and experiment

• Georgi Mateev,
• Dean Dimov,
• Nataliya Berberova-Buhova,
• Nikoleta Kircheva,
• Todor Dudev,
• Ludmila Nikolova,
• Elena Stoykova,
• Keehoon Hong,
• Dimana Nazarova,
• Silvia Angelova and
• Lian Nedelchev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 186–199, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.12

• nondoped thin films [17][18], as well as on thin nanocomposite layers doped with nanoparticles of diverse chemical compositions, shapes, and sizes [19]. Additional efforts have focused on thermally treated layers of pure PAZO up to 200 °C [20], and on PAZO/PAH (with PAH denoting poly(allylamine

From shield to spear: Charge-reversible nanocarriers in overcoming cancer therapy barriers

• Madhuri Yeduvaka,
• Pooja Mittal,
• Ameer Boyalakuntla,
• Usman Bee Shaik,
• Himanshu Sharma,
• Thakur Gurjeet Singh,
• Siva Nageswara Rao Gajula and
• Lakshmi Vineela Nalla

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 159–175, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.10

• , nanocarriers encompass diverse types including polymeric nanoparticles, liposomes, micelles, dendrimers, lipid-based carriers, carbon-based nanomaterials, and gold nanoparticles. They exhibit versatile structures (1–100 nm) with diverse morphologies (e.g., spherical, tubular, or conical shapes [14]). With

• biofilms within the TME, where the nanoparticles are activated by pH changes and demonstrate their potential for site-specific drug delivery [19]. This strategy also enables controlled drug release, as the pH-sensitive charge reversal triggers site-specific drug unloading in acidic tumour microenvironments

• that zwitterionic and neutral nanoparticles possess highly hydrated, charge-balanced surfaces that minimize serum protein adsorption, complement activation, and cytokine release (IL-6, TNF-α). In murine models, these particles exhibited reduced systemic inflammation and enhanced circulation stability

Influence of surface characteristics on the in vitro stability and cell uptake of nanoliposomes for brain delivery

• Dushko Shalabalija,
• Ljubica Mihailova,
• Nikola Geskovski,
• Andreas Zimmer,
• Otmar Geiss,
• Sabrina Gioria,
• Diletta Scaccabarozzi and
• Marija Glavas Dodov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 139–158, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.9

• sizes determined directly from their elution times. AF4–MALS has been extensively utilized for sizing various categories of nanoparticles such as metal oxides, polymeric and silica nanoparticles. Additionally, it has been employed for the separation of diverse macromolecules and structures including

• ) after their incubation in cell culture medium with and without serum for a period of 1 and 4 h. It is well known that PEGylation plays a critical role in modulating the formation and composition of the protein corona on nanoparticles by introducing a steric barrier that reduces and selectively alters

Development and in vitro evaluation of liposomes and immunoliposomes containing 5-fluorouracil and R-phycoerythrin as a potential phototheranostic system for colorectal cancer

• Raissa Rodrigues Camelo,
• Vivianne Cortez Sombra Vandesmet,
• Octavio Vital Baccallini,
• José de Brito Vieira Neto,
• Thais da Silva Moreira,
• Luzia Kalyne Almeida Moreira Leal,
• Claudia Pessoa,
• Daniel Giuliano Cerri,
• Maria Vitória Lopes Badra Bentley,
• Josimar O. Eloy,
• Ivanildo José da Silva Júnior and
• Raquel Petrilli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 97–121, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.7

• characterization, the selected formulations were 30 days. The samples were kept at 4 °C in plastic containers wrapped in aluminum protected from light, and characterized for vesicle size, PDI, and zeta potential. 2.5.1 Stability of nanoparticles in serum The stability of the nanoparticles in bovine serum was

• proteoliposome membranes [25][59]. This difference is also evident in the profile analysis of selected nanoparticles (Figure 3J and Figure 3K). Irregularities are clearly visible only in HSPC-IM-R-PE (Figure 4C, arrowheads in the right panel), which can be due to cetuximab decoration. In addition to the Ra

• protein corona formation under physiological conditions [63]. These findings highlight the importance of surface characterization by AFM in the development and optimization of nanoparticles. 3.4 Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy assays The FTIR spectra obtained for the formulations showed the

Functional surface engineering for cultural heritage protection: the role of superhydrophobic and superoleophobic coatings – a comprehensive review

• Giuseppe Cesare Lama,
• Marino Lavorgna,
• Letizia Verdolotti,
• Federica Recupido,
• Giovanna Giuliana Buonocore and
• Bharat Bhushan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 63–96, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.6

• copolymer (poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene, PVDF-HFP), an aqueous emulsion of alkylpolysiloxane (PSW), a dispersion of functionalized silica nanoparticles (n-SiOR), and a nanostructured silica gel in hydroalcoholic solution (wnf-SiO2). Terracotta specimens chemically and physically matching

• using Paraloid® B72 solutions with 1–4% silica dioxide nanoparticles to enhance durability and reduce moisture sensitivity (mostly to face the biotic and abiotic factors that usually lead to wood damage). The treatment improved dimensional stability, hydrophobicity, and resistance to artificial

Quantitative estimation of nanoparticle/substrate adhesion by atomic force microscopy

• Aydan Çiçek,
• Markus Kratzer,
• Christian Teichert and
• Christian Mitterer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 1–14, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.1

• of copper nanoparticles to silicon substrates deposited under varying conditions using DC magnetron sputter inert gas condensation. Atomic force microscopy was utilized as a tool for the manipulation of the nanoparticles and to measure lateral forces for their displacement, with cantilever

• strategies for tailoring nanoparticle/substrate interactions. Keywords: adhesion; atomic force microscopy; magnetron sputtering; nanomanipulation; nanoparticles; Introduction Nanoparticles (NPs) are at the forefront of basic research and technological innovation, captivating researchers and engineers from

• adhesion forces. Experimental Synthesis of Cu nanoparticles Before deposition, single-crystalline Si(100) wafer substrates, with a thickness of around 500 µm and covered by a native oxide, were cleaned in an ultrasonic bath for 10 min with ethanol, followed by rinsing with isopropanol. Then, the substrates

Internal 3D temperature mapping in biological systems using ratiometric light-sheet imaging and lipid-coated upconversion nanothermometers

• Dannareli Barron-Ortiz,
• Enric Pérez-Parets,
• Rubén D. Cadena-Nava,
• Emilio J. Gualda,
• Jacob Licea-Rodríguez,
• Juan Hernández-Cordero,
• Pablo Loza-Álvarez and
• Israel Rocha-Mendoza

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2306–2316, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.159

• 62209, México Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, A.P. 70-360, México City 04510, México 10.3762/bjnano.16.159 Abstract Upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) are well-known for their high efficiency, photostability, near-infrared excitation, and ability to

• -sheet microscopy; temperature mapping; upconversion fluorescent nanoparticles; Introduction Biological processes involving energy exchange often manifest as temperature fluctuations. Materials sought to measure such changes should exhibit high sensitivity, accuracy, high spatiotemporal resolution, good

• mainly focused on using UC nanoparticles (UCNPs), which are inorganic crystalline structures, typically composed of sodium yttrium fluoride (NaYF4) co-doped with rare-earth (RE) ions like ytterbium (Yb3+), erbium (Er3+), and gadolinium (Gd3+). These RE ions act as sensitizers and emitters, allowing for

Improving magnetic properties of Mn- and Zn-doped core–shell iron oxide nanoparticles by tuning their size

• Dounia Louaguef,
• Ghouti Medjahdi,
• Sébastien Diliberto,
• Klaus M. Seemann,
• Thomas Gries,
• Joelle Bizeau,
• Damien Mertz,
• Eric Gaffet and
• Halima Alem

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2285–2295, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.157

• /bjnano.16.157 Abstract Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) offer promising applications in nanomedicine due to their appealing properties. Their magnetic and magnetic hyperthermia properties are considered as relevant tools for low invasive cancer therapeutic applications. In this work

• , we report on the synthesis of polyhedral core–shell SPIONs. Their size was tuned to improve their magnetic properties. Furthermore, by hybridizing into a core–shell inorganic/inorganic structure, the nanoparticles can achieve significantly improved magnetic-to-thermal energy conversion efficiency (at

• Mössbauer analysis, and the magnetic properties were studied to select the ideal size for magnetic hyperthermia application. Keywords: core–shell nanoparticles; magnetic hyperthermia; magnetic properties; Introduction Magnetic nanoparticles have emerged as a versatile class of materials due to their

Chiral plasmonic nanostructures fabricated with circularly polarized light

• Tian Qiao and
• Ming Lee Tang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2245–2264, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.154

• nanoparticles that lack clear structural chirality limit the understanding of structure–property relationships. To increase the structural chirality in metallic chiral nanostructures, we recently developed an approach to control NC surface passivation to achieve higher dissymmetry in the spatial profile for Ag

• geometrical chirality of cPNSs leads to enantioselective interaction with molecules. For example, Xu et al. have shown that Au nanoparticles of opposite handedness differ in their ability to activate immune systems [110]. The authors suggested the left-handed nanoparticles had stronger binding affinities to

• two proteins due to the supramolecular interactions between the chiral extracellular domains and the curved chiral nanoparticles, which led to the enantiomer-dependent immunological response. Nam et al. have shown that the stronger binding affinities of molecules to regions of both positive and

Optical bio/chemical sensors for vitamin B₁₂ analysis in food and pharmaceuticals: state of the art, challenges, and future outlooks

• Seyed Mohammad Taghi Gharibzahedi and
• Zeynep Altintas

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2207–2244, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.153

• biosensing platforms in detecting Co2+ ions and VB12 using RNA aptamer–gold nanoparticles colorimetric sensors, surface plasmon resonance sensors, chemiluminescence and electrochemiluminescence biosensors, and fluorescence biosensors (i.e., chemosensors, nanoclusters/nanoparticles-based sensors, and carbon

• (NaYF4) upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) on gold nanotriangle arrays acted as the indicator system, and the enhanced near-infrared (NIR)-excited UV luminescence was the sensing signal. This approach relied on the synergistic effects of Tm3+-doped NaYF4 UCNPs on gold nanotriangle arrays created via

Ultrathin water layers on mannosylated gold nanoparticles

• Maiara A. Iriarte Alonso,
• Jorge H. Melillo,
• Silvina Cerveny,
• Yujin Tong and
• Alexander M. Bittner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2183–2198, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.151

• hydrophobic tips. While VSFG indicated preferential hydration of the dimannoside and proved conformational changes in the organic ligands, AFM provided sub-nanometer changes in particle topography due to water adsorption. In general, the dimannoside nanoparticles condense ultrathin water layers upon humidity

• transmission of airborne viruses, such as influenza. Keywords: AFM; humidity; hydrophilicity; hydrophobicity; nanoparticles; sum frequency generation spectroscopy; viruses; water; wetting; Introduction Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been a staple in biomedical and biophysical research [1][2] for almost a

• adsorbed viruses, which can either be transmitted mechanically or again become airborne. In any case, the role of air humidity for adsorbed viruses is poorly documented, and its influence on transmission physics is not known. We chose as models dimannoside gold nanoparticles (dimanno-AuNPs) [6] linked to a

Missing links in nanomaterials research impacting productivity and perceptions

• Santosh K. Tiwari and
• Nannan Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2168–2176, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.149

• nanomaterials becomes a tedious and expensive task, often more so than for advanced bulk materials. It is indispensable to acknowledge that even after detailed characterization, warranting that even 90% of the nanoparticles have uniform size and identical surface characteristics is difficult. This is largely