Missing links in nanomaterials research impacting productivity and perceptions

• Santosh K. Tiwari and
• Nannan Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2168–2176, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.149

• proliferation. Otherwise, excessive production of nanomaterials for academic prestige and numerous hit-and-miss experimental works without delivering meaningful benefits may expose humanity to severe health risks, including cancer and other life-threatening diseases [24]. We are fully aware that enforcing such

Quality by design optimization of microemulsions for topical delivery of Passiflora setacea seed oil

• Daniel T. Pereira,
• Douglas Dourado,
• Danielle T. Freire,
• Dayanne L. Porto,
• Cícero F. S. Aragão,
• Myla L. de Souza,
• Guilherme R. S. de Araujo,
• Ana Maria Costa,
• Wógenes N. Oliveira,
• Anne Sapin-Minet,
• Éverton N. Alencar and
• Eryvaldo Sócrates T. Egito

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2116–2131, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.146

• keratinocyte and fibroblast proliferation [15][16]. Furthermore, linoleic acid and oleic acid serve as precursors to various lipid mediators, including prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and lipoxins, which are essential for modulating inflammatory responses and coordinating immune cell activity during wound

• the complex biological processes involved in wound healing. Specifically, it does not evaluate critical mechanisms such as cell migration, proliferation, extracellular matrix remodeling, or the modulation of inflammatory mediators. Therefore, future investigations should incorporate complementary

Targeting the vector of arboviruses Aedes aegypti with nanoemulsions based on essential oils: a review with focus on larvicidal and repellent properties

• Laryssa Ferreira do Nascimento Silva,
• Douglas Dourado,
• Thayse Silva Medeiros,
• Mariana Alice Gonzaga Gabú,
• Maria Cecilia Queiroga dos Santos,
• Daiane Rodrigues dos Santos,
• Mylena Lemos dos Santos,
• Gabriel Bezerra Faierstein,
• Rosângela Maria Rodrigues Barbosa and
• Fabio Rocha Formiga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1894–1913, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.132

• subtropical regions, where climatic conditions favor the reproduction and proliferation of mosquitoes. Due to the growing threat posed by arboviruses, the Global Arbovirus Initiative [8] highlights integrated vector control as a critical pillar for reducing transmission risks worldwide, advocating for the use

• from their emergence site [49], although in less populated areas this range may extend up to 560 meters in rural or more open environments [45][48][50][51]. Environmental factors, such as improper water storage and climatic conditions, influence the proliferation of Ae. aegypti, increasing arbovirus

• decrease in cellular proliferation was evidenced. De Sousa dos Santos et al. (2024) investigated the larvicidal effects of a nanoemulsion containing essential oil from Ocimum basilicum [76]. This species is known as basil or alfavaca and it is native to tropical regions of Africa and Asia [110]. It

On the road to sustainability – application of metallic nanoparticles obtained by green synthesis in dentistry: a scoping review

• Lorena Pinheiro Vasconcelos Silva,
• Joice Catiane Soares Martins,
• Israel Luís Carvalho Diniz,
• Júlio Abreu Miranda,
• Danilo Rodrigues de Souza,
• Éverton do Nascimento Alencar,
• Moan Jéfter Fernandes Costa and
• Pedro Henrique Sette-de-Souza

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1851–1862, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.128

• into scaffolds and regenerative membranes designed to stimulate osteogenesis and promote periodontal tissue regeneration [16][17]. These nanoparticles not only provide antimicrobial protection but also actively modulate cellular behavior, such as proliferation and differentiation, thereby enhancing the

Exploring the potential of polymers: advancements in oral nanocarrier technology

• Rousilândia de Araujo Silva,
• Igor Eduardo Silva Arruda,
• Luise Lopes Chaves,
• Mônica Felts de La Roca Soares and
• Jose Lamartine Soares Sobrinho

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1751–1793, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.122

• genes respectively induce apoptosis and inhibit angiogenesis in cancer. Following oral PN administration in tumor-bearing mice, tumor regression was observed, attributed to the synergistic effects of the two RNAs in inhibiting cell proliferation in vitro and tumor growth in vivo. Since nucleic acids are

Advances of aptamers in esophageal cancer diagnosis, treatment and drug delivery

• Yang Fei,
• Hui Xu,
• Chunwei Zhang,
• Jingjing Wang and
• Yong Jin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1734–1750, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.121

• survival oncogene of ESCC [72], can maintain the squamous characteristics of tumor cells and is essential for the proliferation and survival of esophageal cancer cell lines. Moreover, SOX2 and DMRTA1 (DMRT-like family A1) can promote the expression of each other, which may drive the occurrence of ESCC

• peptide aptamer p42, which can inhibit the proliferation, migration, and invasion of ESCC tissues. It was confirmed that synthetic peptide 42 similarly inhibits SOX2 in vitro and in vivo, which may overcome drug resistance to some extent. Proteomic analysis revealed significant changes in the levels of

• , which can specifically block CDP/SOX2 interaction, was screened by BiFc assay. The antitumor activity of p58 aptamer was further analyzed in vitro and in mouse xenograft and zebrafish models, suggesting that peptide 58 could significantly inhibit the proliferation, migration, and invasion of KYSE450

Multifunctional anionic nanoemulsion with linseed oil and lecithin: a preliminary approach for dry eye disease

• Niédja Fittipaldi Vasconcelos,
• Almerinda Agrelli,
• Rayane Cristine Santos da Silva,
• Carina Lucena Mendes-Marques,
• Isabel Renata de Souza Arruda,
• Priscilla Stela Santana de Oliveira,
• Mércia Liane de Oliveira and
• Giovanna Machado

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1711–1733, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.120

Prospects of nanotechnology and natural products for cancer and immunotherapy

• Jan Filipe Andrade Santos,
• Marcela Bernardes Brasileiro,
• Pamela Danielle Cavalcante Barreto,
• Ligiane Aranha Rocha and
• José Adão Carvalho Nascimento Júnior

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1644–1667, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.116

• agents. Consequently, the combination of natural products with nanotechnology holds significant therapeutic potential. Keywords: cancer; immunotherapy; nanotechnology; natural products; patent; review; Introduction Cancer is a disease characterized by the uncontrolled proliferation of abnormal cells

• potential effects include tumor cell death, inhibition of proliferation, increased autophagy, and enhanced immune system response [51]. Furthermore, natural products can also promote the regulation of immune cells and cytokines, increasing immunogenic cancer cell death, natural killer cell activity, and

• selective solvent [110]. Ursolic acid exhibits anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antiviral, antioxidant, and antiproliferative properties, making it a potential antitumor agent [111]. It inhibits tumor cell proliferation, prevents metastasis and angiogenesis, and induces cell death [112]. The therapeutic

Nanomaterials for biomedical applications

• Iqra Zainab,
• Zohra Naseem,
• Syeda Rubab Batool,
• Filippo Pierini,
• Seda Kizilel and
• Muhammad Anwaar Nazeer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1499–1503, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.105

• diagnostics and medical imaging. Using these materials, physicians diagnose diseases earlier and more accurately than before [4]. In tissue engineering, nanofibers are being used to develop scaffolds to promote the proliferation of cells. These scaffolds aid patients suffering from chronic wounds as they

The role of biochar in combating microplastic pollution: a bibliometric analysis in environmental contexts

• Tuan Minh Truong Dang,
• Thao Thu Thi Huynh,
• Guo-Ping Chang-Chien and
• Ha Manh Bui

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1401–1416, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.102

• copies per cell in control soil [64]. MPs also promote the proliferation of multihost bacterial populations such as Sphingomonas, Microvirga, Ilumatobacter, Skermanella, and Rubellimicrobium, which harbor diverse ARGs. Increased populations of Bacillus and Streptomyces have also been associated with PS

Synthesis and antibacterial properties of nanosilver-modified cellulose triacetate membranes for seawater desalination

• Lei Wang,
• Shizhe Li,
• Kexin Xu,
• Wenjun Li,
• Ying Li and
• Gang Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1380–1391, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.100

• water supply methods [13]. Additionally, traditional membranes face challenges such as the trade-off between permeability and selectivity, as well as susceptibility to biological pollution [14][15]. Biofouling, which involves attachment, growth, reproduction, and proliferation of microorganisms on the

Ferroptosis induction by engineered liposomes for enhanced tumor therapy

• Alireza Ghasempour,
• Mohammad Amin Tokallou,
• Mohammad Reza Naderi Allaf,
• Mohsen Moradi,
• Hamideh Dehghan,
• Mahsa Sedighi,
• Mohammad-Ali Shahbazi and
• Fahimeh Lavi Arab

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1325–1349, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.97

• proliferation of liver tumor cells. Cel can induce ferroptosis and cause cancer cell death through the generation of ROS, reduced GSH levels, and increased Fe2+/Fe3+ and LPO levels. Cel has also been shown to increase the expression ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 and facilitate cyto-C to trigger the caspase-3-related

Functional bio-packaging enhanced with nanocellulose from rice straw and cinnamon essential oil Pickering emulsion for fruit preservation

• Tuyen B. Ly,
• Duong D. T. Nguyen,
• Hieu D. Nguyen,
• Yen T. H. Nguyen,
• Bup T. A. Bui,
• Kien A. Le and
• Phung K. Le

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1234–1245, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.91

• moisture escape from the sample, making the sample wet and foggy at day 21. At higher CEO concentrations, the biopackaging enables moisture escape to further prevent the proliferation of fungi and contaminations. This led to slightly higher mass loss upon preservation in these samples. All in all, these

Hydrogels and nanogels: effectiveness in dermal applications

• Jéssica da Cruz Ludwig,
• Diana Fortkamp Grigoletto,
• Daniele Fernanda Renzi,
• Wolf-Rainer Abraham,
• Daniel de Paula and
• Najeh Maissar Khalil

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1216–1233, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.90

• guanosine quartet hydrogels loaded with recombinant human-sourced collagen can be wrapped onto the skin surface. These films can supply collagen deposition for the wound by recruiting macrophages and fibroblasts and eventually inducing their proliferation and migration [42]. In the study by Zhao et al

Chitosan nanocomposite containing rotenoids: an alternative bioinsecticidal approach for the management of Aedes aegypti

• Maria A. A. Bertonceli,
• Vitor D. C. Cristo,
• Ivo J. Vieira,
• Francisco J. A. Lemos,
• Arnoldo R. Façanha,
• Raimundo Braz-Filho,
• Gustavo V. T. Batista,
• Luis G. M. Basso,
• Sérgio H. Seabra,
• Thalya S. R. Nogueira,
• Felipe F. Moreira,
• Arícia L. E. M. Assis,
• Antônia E. A. Oliveira and
• Kátia V. S. Fernandes

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1197–1208, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.88

• Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes/RJ, Brazil 10.3762/bjnano.16.88 Abstract Climate change has intensified the proliferation of disease vectors, such as Aedes aegypti, the primary transmitter of dengue, chikungunya, and zika viruses. Although the two recently licensed dengue vaccines represent a

• for vector control. Keywords: dengue; nanoparticle; pest management; phytochemicals; Introduction Climate change has significantly impacted public health, intensifying the proliferation of disease vectors such as those transmitted by the mosquito Aedes aegypti. Environmental conditions exacerbated

Fabrication of metal complex phthalocyanine and porphyrin nanoparticle aqueous colloids by pulsed laser fragmentation in liquid and their potential application to a photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy

• Taisei Himeda,
• Risako Kunitomi,
• Ryosuke Nabeya,
• Tamotsu Zako and
• Tsuyoshi Asahi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1088–1096, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.80

• employing MTT assays with PC12 and HeLa cells. Nanoparticle colloids diluted with PBS to various concentrations were added to the cell culture medium and incubated for 24 h; then, the cell viability was examined with and without light irradiation by using an MTT cell proliferation kit as described earlier

• with broadband (500–800 nm, Figure S6, Supporting Information File 1) visible-light source at 30 mW·cm−2 for 10 min. The cell viability after light irradiation was determined using a MTT cell proliferation kit (Roche) as described in [31][32]. 10 μL of the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5

Piezoelectricity of hexagonal boron nitrides improves bone tissue generation as tested on osteoblasts

• Sevin Adiguzel,
• Nilay Cicek,
• Zehra Cobandede,
• Feray B. Misirlioglu,
• Hulya Yilmaz and
• Mustafa Culha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1068–1081, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.78

• influence on cell proliferation driven by its piezoelectric characteristics [17][24]. It is particularly suitable for tissue engineering applications, especially in promoting osteogenesis [25]. Furthermore, BaTiO3 can be combined with other materials to create composite scaffolds with osteoconductive

• hBN. The materials were characterized using spectroscopic, imaging, and thermal techniques, followed by assessment of their piezoelectric properties via piezoresponse force microscopy (PRFM). In vitro studies on human osteoblasts (HOb) under ultrasound (US) exposure examined proliferation, cellular

• investigate the migration ability of HOb cells exposed to US and NMs under reduced serum culture conditions to inhibit cell proliferation [40]. Firstly, HOb cells were seeded in 12-well plates at 105 cells/well and incubated for 24 h. Then, the cells adhered to the wells were vertically scratched using a 200

Colloidal few layered graphene–tannic acid preserves the biocompatibility of periodontal ligament cells

• Teissir Ben Ammar,
• Naji Kharouf,
• Dominique Vautier,
• Housseinou Ba,
• Nivedita Sudheer,
• Philippe Lavalle and
• Vincent Ball

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 664–677, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.51

• microhardness without compromising biocompatibility [7]. In another work, the formulation of an injectable calcium phosphate cement–chitosan–graphene oxide (GO) composite was found to be effective. This composite fostered the proliferation of human dental pulp stem cells [8]. Despite these promising findings

• include superoxide radicals, hydroxyl radicals, and hydrogen peroxide, are natural byproducts of the oxidative metabolism. Mammalian cells maintain balanced ROS levels for homeostasis and cellular proliferation. However, excess ROS creates an electron imbalance that triggers continuous electron transfer

• 200 µg·mL−1 (Figure 6C). In addition, the lateral particle dimensions expanded from 2 to 15 µm as the FLG–TA concentration increased (Figure 6B). Based on this observation, we can confirm that FLG–TA enhanced cellular adhesion while promoting cell proliferation. This finding aligns with earlier

Polyurethane/silk fibroin-based electrospun membranes for wound healing and skin substitute applications

• Iqra Zainab,
• Zohra Naseem,
• Syeda Rubab Batool,
• Muhammad Waqas,
• Ahsan Nazir and
• Muhammad Anwaar Nazeer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 591–612, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.46

• transport and gas exchange, which supports tissue regeneration and cell proliferation [22]. Furthermore, they have mechanical qualities that are similar to those of natural tissues, promoting and protecting the healing process [23]. Review Wound healing and skin regeneration The skin is a vital, protective

• cells [29]. Multiple cell types including immune cells, fibroblasts, and keratinocytes work together to repair wounds [30]. Skin regeneration occurs mainly through the proliferation and differentiation of keratinocytes, the major cell type of the epidermis, that move to cover the wound and generate new

• are cleared by macrophage efferocytosis, apoptosis, or return to blood vessels [40]. Proliferation Granulation tissue development, re-epithelialization, and neovascularization are features of the proliferative phase. This period may last several weeks [41]. Fibroblasts, keratinocytes, macrophages, and

Synthetic-polymer-assisted antisense oligonucleotide delivery: targeted approaches for precision disease treatment

• Ana Cubillo Alvarez,
• Dylan Maguire and
• Ruairí P. Brannigan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 435–463, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.34

• significantly suppressed c-myc mRNA expression, reduced cell proliferation, and inhibited tumour growth both in vitro and in vivo, compared to other groups without Gal–PLL or SonoVue. This demonstrated the essential role of Gal–PLL in enhancing the specificity and efficiency of antisense delivery. In a separate

• both protein and gene expression, thereby inhibiting the proliferation of targeted colon cancer cells [147][148][149]. In another study, Venuganti et al. prepared hydrogels containing anti-Bcl-2-PAMAM G4 dendrimer complexes for topical targeted iontophoretic delivery of phosphorothioate

Graphene oxide–chloroquine conjugate induces DNA damage in A549 lung cancer cells through autophagy modulation

• Braham Dutt Arya,
• Sandeep Mittal,
• Prachi Joshi,
• Alok Kumar Pandey,
• Jaime E. Ramirez-Vick,
• Govind Gupta and
• Surinder P. Singh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 316–332, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.24

• , the deregulation of cell proliferation results in loss of one or more DNA-damage pathways in cancer cells, leading to greater dependency on DDR. Therefore, the tendency of a cancer cell to harbor DDR dependency through activation of complex molecular signaling pathways, such as poly-ADP ribose

Fabrication and evaluation of BerNPs regarding the growth and development of Streptococcus mutans

• Tuyen Huu Nguyen,
• Hong Thanh Pham,
• Kieu Kim Thanh Nguyen,
• Loan Hong Ngo,
• Anh Ngoc Tuan Mai,
• Thu Hoang Anh Lam,
• Ngan Thi Kim Phan,
• Dung Tien Pham,
• Duong Thuy Hoang,
• Thuc Dong Nguyen and
• Lien Thi Xuan Truong

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 308–315, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.23

• population affected by dental disease, including 85% of children who do not fully recover [2]. Tooth decay is a chronic condition that can occur at any age, primarily caused by an improper diet and inadequate oral care, which promote the proliferation of pathogenic bacteria in the mouth [3]. Furthermore, the

• plaque formation associated with caries damage. Therefore, one of the initial steps in preventing dental caries is to reduce and inhibit the activity of S. mutans in the oral cavity [8]. Tooth decay and oral infections are typically controlled with antibiotics. However, the proliferation of drug

Enhancing mechanical properties of chitosan/PVA electrospun nanofibers: a comprehensive review

• Nur Areisman Mohd Salleh,
• Amalina Muhammad Afifi,
• Fathiah Mohamed Zuki and
• Hanna Sofia SalehHudin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 286–307, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.22

• nanofibers provide topographic guidance to cells, promoting cell adhesion, proliferation, and migration. Most importantly, aligned fibers are a prominent type of nanofiber that closely mimics the fibers in the ECM of native tissue [194]. Radially aligned nanofiber patches of chitosan/PVA with thyme essential

Radiosensitizing properties of dual-functionalized carbon nanostructures loaded with temozolomide

• Radmila Milenkovska,
• Nikola Geskovski,
• Dushko Shalabalija,
• Ljubica Mihailova,
• Petre Makreski,
• Dushko Lukarski,
• Igor Stojkovski,
• Maja Simonoska Crcarevska and
• Kristina Mladenovska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 229–251, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.18

• 30% and 5%, respectively, while for the patients with unresectable GBM, the prognosis is worse [28][29]. The fast proliferation and aggressive invasion of GBM in the surrounding brain tissue complicate the total resection of the tumor. In addition to the heterogeneity of GBM, the immunosuppressive

• effects on the proliferation of cancer cells by blocking the cell cycle in the G0/G1 phase and increasing the osmotic pressure [91][92]. In addition, in a paper of Xu et al. [93], dynamic biological interactions between PEG and cells on the molecular level were clarified, explaining both the inhibitory

Recent advances in photothermal nanomaterials for ophthalmic applications

• Jiayuan Zhuang,
• Linhui Jia,
• Chenghao Li,
• Rui Yang,
• Jiapeng Wang,
• Wen-an Wang,
• Heng Zhou and
• Xiangxia Luo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 195–215, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.16

• Posterior capsule opacity (PCO) ranks as one of the most prevalent complications following cataract surgery (Figure 3a) [110]. This condition arises from the rapid proliferation, migration, and fibrosis of residual lens epithelial cells (LECs) that remain on the lens capsule, eventually leading to a

• , over time, the excessive proliferation of conjunctival fibroblasts and remodeling of collagen around the vesicles can lead to the failure of the surgical effects [144]. The primary strategy to counter fibrosis has been the use of antimetabolic drugs, but this often leads to complications like filter

• porous structures [72][73][74][75][76][77][78][79][80][81][85][86][87][88]. Application of photothermal nanomaterials in constructing edge photothermal rings for IOLs in the treatment of PCO. (a, b) Post-cataract surgery complications often involve the rapid proliferation, migration, and fibrosis of