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Search for "targeting" in Full Text gives 194 result(s) in Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology.
Toward clinical translation of carbon nanomaterials in anticancer drug delivery: the need for standardisation
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2092–2104, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.144
- nanomaterials (CNMs) have been largely developed as nanocarriers for drug delivery due to their biocompatibility, high surface area, tuneable physicochemical properties, and targeting capabilities [13][14]. However, CNMs also present a subset of challenges, including toxicity concerns, expensive and time
- tend to evade renal filtration due to the formation of a protein corona that effectively increases their hydrodynamic size [38]. Beyond renal clearance, particle size also critically influences toxicity, metabolic fate, tumour targeting, protein interactions, and hepatic processing. Additional
- stabilising surface coatings are employed to preserve nanoparticle stability over time. The degree of functionalisation is also a key consideration as surface modifications can enhance solubility, targeting ability, and biocompatibility. Consistent functionalisation is necessary to ensure reproducibility and
Evaluating metal-organic precursors for focused ion beam-induced deposition through solid-layer decomposition analysis
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1942–1951, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.135
- precursors for the use in FEBID/FIBID is a tedious time-consuming task, which requires costly experimental (non-commercial) GIS systems. The primary objective of this precursor testing is to optimize deposition parameters, specifically targeting high metal content (favoring minimal impurities of gallium from
PEGylated lipids in lipid nanoparticle delivery dynamics and therapeutic innovation
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1914–1930, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.133
- strategies in LNP-based drug delivery systems, approaches are being explored. These include integrating functional groups into PEG lipids for ligand conjugation and improved cell-specific targeting, as well as developing PEG alternatives to mitigate anti-PEG antibody associated immunogenicity [7][8]. This
- efficiency. Mechanistically, this could be attributed to reduced adsorption of ApoE to the LNP surface, in the case of ApoE acting as an endogenous hepatic targeting ligand [20][28]. A follow-up study using ApoE−/− mice showed that pre-incubation of these LNPs with recombinant ApoE was able to rescue the
- activity of the LNP with 1.5% PEG but had no effect on the 5.0% PEG counterpart. More importantly, the reduced efficacy observed at higher PEG densities was recovered by incorporating an exogenous targeting ligand. The addition of 0.5 mol % DSG-PEG-GalNAc restored silencing activity in the 5.0% PEG LNP via
Targeting the vector of arboviruses Aedes aegypti with nanoemulsions based on essential oils: a review with focus on larvicidal and repellent properties
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1894–1913, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.132
- how this approach could emerge as ecological alternatives to synthetic insecticides. Herein, the focus was kept on targeting larvicidal and repellent activities against Ae. aegypti. For that, 23 studies were analyzed, which demonstrated a significant increase in the efficacy of nanoemulsions with EOs
- that, a variety of methods targeting different stages of the mosquito life cycle have been employed to control their populations. Traditional strategies focus on eliminating breeding sites, such as water containers and discarded tires that collect rainwater, which serve as ideal habitats for mosquito
- efficacy of herbal products for mosquito control [80][81]. Nanoemulsions: Concepts and applications in larvicides and repellents Pharmaceutical nanotechnology offers innovative solutions for the delivery and targeting of molecules for therapeutic, prophylactic, or diagnostic purposes [82]. In 1995, the
On the road to sustainability – application of metallic nanoparticles obtained by green synthesis in dentistry: a scoping review
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1851–1862, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.128
- evaluated antimicrobial effects against Streptococcus mutans (69.10%; n = 38), Candida albicans (50.90%; n = 28), and Enterococcus faecalis (32.70%; n = 18), demonstrating the broad versatility of green-synthesized metallic nanoparticles in targeting various biofilm-associated oral diseases [54][55]. The
Exploring the potential of polymers: advancements in oral nanocarrier technology
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1751–1793, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.122
- investigated. These nanoparticles (NPs) preserve the bioactivity of the active compound during gastric transit and facilitate permeation through mucus and absorption by epithelial cells, enabling targeted delivery. In essence, PNs offer superior performance in protecting, targeting, and enhancing both the
- bioavailability, and enable site-specific targeting and combination therapies [24]. PNs are stable colloidal nanostructures formed from synthetic or natural polymers, characterized by synthetic versatility, which allows for customization based on the requirements of the final formulation. Biopolymers can undergo
Advances of aptamers in esophageal cancer diagnosis, treatment and drug delivery
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1734–1750, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.121
- , targeted agents targeting epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor can also overcome the limitations of the high incidence of adverse events in traditional radiotherapy and chemotherapy models [19]. However
- obstacles to their safe application. Hence, ongoing research explores strategies to optimize the solubility and targeting ability of anti-EC drugs, and aptamers [25] represent a distinct class of molecular tools. Aptamers are small nucleotide or peptide sequences screened by “systematic evolution of ligands
- cancer cells, thereby significantly enhancing tumor-specific drug accumulation. Concurrently, siRNA-mediated silencing of MDR1 effectively suppresses P-gp-mediated drug efflux, overcoming multidrug resistance (MDR) in tumor cells. By integrating active targeting, gene silencing, and chemosensitization
Multifunctional anionic nanoemulsion with linseed oil and lecithin: a preliminary approach for dry eye disease
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1711–1733, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.120
- reduce DED symptoms. ONSs include nanoparticles such as nanoemulsions, liposomes, nanomicelles, and dendrimers, which can serve as carriers for both lipophilic and hydrophilic drugs. This allows for smaller doses and more precise drug targeting [16]. Nanoemulsions (NEs) show promise in improving drug
Prospects of nanotechnology and natural products for cancer and immunotherapy
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1644–1667, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.116
- system activation and tumor growth inhibition [14]. Nevertheless, challenges like low bioavailability, chemical instability, and difficulty in targeting specific tissues hinder their effective clinical application [15]. Nanotechnology has emerged as an innovative solution to overcome the limitations of
- ]. Additionally, the use of biomimetic nanoparticles, including exosome-based delivery systems and cell membrane-coated nanoparticles, has shown promise in improving targeting efficiency and immune evasion [18][19]. Despite these advances, significant challenges remain, including nanoparticle stability in
- targeting and tumor inhibition. Following this perspective, patents CN111202719, CN114470229, and CN115252560 represent advances in tumor therapy, since they combine cell cycle blockade and inhibition of metabolic pathways, which are considered complex cellular mechanisms. Nevertheless, patent CN109846857
Venom-loaded cationic-functionalized poly(lactic acid) nanoparticles for serum production against Tityus serrulatus scorpion
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1633–1643, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.115
- barriers, their biocompatibility, and low toxicity [18]. Their manipulation at the nanoscale changes specific surface properties, possibly improving the ability to cross biological barriers targeting the affected tissues [18][19]. In this context, nanoparticle controlled release based on biodegradable
Nanotechnology-based approaches for the removal of microplastics from wastewater: a comprehensive review
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1607–1632, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.114
- capabilities. By combining the principles of water treatment technologies and nanoscience, this study highlights innovative pathways for improved removal efficiency, selective pollutant targeting, and sustainable application. As the global concern over plastic pollution is a rising concern, this review sets
Cross-reactivities in conjugation reactions involving iron oxide nanoparticles
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1504–1521, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.106
- targeting and drug payload delivery. The ability to chemically modify the ligand layer of IONPs, while maintaining their morphology and magnetic properties, is thus paramount to the preparation of functional IONPs. The use of highly selective conjugation reactions such as 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl
Enhancing the therapeutical potential of metalloantibiotics using nano-based delivery systems
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1350–1366, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.98
- having a diluted concentration of antibiotics at the site of infection, necessitating higher dosages that increase the risk of side effects [36][37]. To address the abovementioned barriers, delivery systems often incorporate targeting strategies to improve accumulation at infection sites. Targeted
- delivery mechanism are broadly categorized into passive and active targeting [38]. Passive targeting is controlled by size, charge, and composition of the nanoparticle, which influences the localization, cell penetration, and release of the drug as physicochemical features of pathogenic tissues facilitate
- vascular permeability. Due to the intrinsic characteristics of nanoparticles, they can accumulate at infection sites due to this effect, resulting in better therapeutic outcomes and reduced toxic problems [43][44]. In contrast to passive targeting, active targeting takes advantage of the conjugation of
Ferroptosis induction by engineered liposomes for enhanced tumor therapy
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1325–1349, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.97
- systems include precise targeting, controlled release over time, prolonged half-life, and reduced systemic toxicity [19]. Liposomes, as lipid-based nanoparticles, hold promise for improving cancer therapies as they can encapsulate various anticancer molecules [20]. A liposome typically consists of a
- example, by inhibiting the expression of SLC7A11, it reduces the uptake of cysteine and sensitizes the cell to ferroptosis [83]. 2.2 Targeting ferroptosis in cancer therapy Some types of cancer are naturally more susceptible to ferroptosis due to distinct metabolic characteristics [84]. PUFA-ePLs produced
- , and that ferroptosis inducers could enhance the effectiveness of these treatments by promoting tumor ferroptosis. Hence, inducing ferroptosis through ferroptosis inducers may represent a promising therapeutic approach for targeting cancers with particular characteristics [84]. As small molecules
Better together: biomimetic nanomedicines for high performance tumor therapy
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1246–1276, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.92
- inherent traits endow biomimetic nanoparticles with a suite of intelligent features, including biocompatibility, low immunogenicity, reduced toxicity, immune evasion, prolonged circulation, homotypic binding, enhanced tumor targeting, and the capability of precise delivery. By integrating biologically
- successfully eradicate tumors [8]. To overcome these discrepancies, an efficient, biocompatible, nontoxic, non-immunogenic and precisely targeted drug delivery system is desirable [9]. Conventional non-targeted delivery systems result in off-targeting as they also affect healthy cells and organs. Therefore
- release behavior, targeting ability, and surface modifications [12][13][14][15]. A variety of nanoparticles have been researched including liposomes, polymer NPs, solid lipid NPs, and hybrid NPs [16]. Nanoscale drug carriers with the advantage of high penetration, long circulation, and significant
Hydrogels and nanogels: effectiveness in dermal applications
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1216–1233, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.90
- application of hydrogels and nanogels (Table 2), which aim to optimize site-specific drug targeting in the tumor cells [192][195][209]. Skin cancer arises through the abnormal and uncontrolled growth of cells forming skin tissue. The skin cells are arranged in layers and, according to the affected layers
- therapy [196]. In another study, chitosan nanogels containing capecitabine promoted site-specific drug targeting directed by an ionic attraction mechanism and triggered by pH variation [37]. In this case, the drug encapsulated in chitosan was gelled using Pluronic F-127 and amended with Transcutol® as a
- nanogel triggered by pH leads to the site-specific release of capecitabine in the tumor, showing a cytotoxic effect on tumor cells by what is known as enhanced permeation and retention mechanism (EPR). The EPR refers to the passive targeting technique that occurs in virtue of the vascular organization of
Investigation of the solubility of protoporphyrin IX in aqueous and hydroalcoholic solvent systems
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1209–1215, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.89
- source, and tissue oxygen. Protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) is commonly used as a PS due to its tumor-targeting properties and phototoxicity. However, the physicochemical properties of PpIX foster self-aggregation, which is a challenge for its incorporation into pharmaceutical formulations. This study aimed to
A calix[4]arene-based supramolecular nanoassembly targeting cancer cells and triggering the release of nitric oxide with green light
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1003–1013, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.75
- , C.N.R., I-95126 Catania, Italy Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council (CNR), I-90146 Palermo, Italy 10.3762/bjnano.16.75 Abstract We have designed and synthesized a novel calix[4]arene derivative bearing four choline appendages as recognition targeting ligands and
- activatable with blue light, and encouraging the NO release with the more biocompatible green light probably by an intra-cage photoinduced electron transfer. Keywords: calixarenes; cell targeting; fluorescence; light; nitric oxide; Introduction Calix[n]arenes are a family of polyphenolic macrocycles
- of an amphiphilic calix[n]arene covalently integrating specific targeting ligands showed improved cell targeting capability [11]. Besides, nanoassemblies of calix[4]arene derivatives proved to be also very suited host supramolecular nanoreactors to amplify the photochemical performances of otherwise
Serum heat inactivation diminishes ApoE-mediated uptake of D-Lin-MC3-DMA lipid nanoparticles
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 740–748, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.57
- surface of nanoparticles after administration has garnered substantial attention due to the significant effects it has on their performance. Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) depend on protein corona formation to mediate their targeting. Such protein–nanoparticle interactions are often initially studied using in
Nanomaterials in targeting amyloid-β oligomers: current advances and future directions for Alzheimer's disease diagnosis and therapy
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 561–580, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.44
- local inflammation, and impair autophagy processes, which collectively contribute to neuronal loss. As such, targeting AβOs specifically, rather than solely focusing on amyloid-β fibrils (AβFs), may offer a more effective therapeutic approach for AD. Recent advances in detection and diagnosis have
- amyloid oligomers has garnered significant attention over time, primarily because of three key observations related to drug candidates for AD therapy. These observations are (i) ineffectiveness of plaque-targeting therapies, that is, therapeutic agents that focus solely on the removal of amyloid plaques
- or amyloid fibrils have not demonstrated substantial improvements in patients’ cognitive behaviors; (ii) efficacy of oligomer-targeting drugs, that is, drug candidates that specifically target amyloid-β oligomers (AβOs) have shown greater clinical effectiveness in treating AD patients; and (iii
Functionalized gold nanoflowers on carbon screen-printed electrodes: an electrochemical platform for biosensing hemagglutinin protein of influenza A H1N1 virus
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 540–550, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.42
- , and sensitivity [8]. In the last few years, various biosensors for the detection of influenza A H1N1 virus have been developed. Detection of influenza A H1N1 virus can be achieved by targeting one or more relevant biomolecules of the virus. The majority of studies have targeted H1 protein [9][10][11
- developed in this study can be manufactured with antibodies targeting pandemic influenza strains such as the latest H1N1 that emerged in 2009, also known as the Swine Flu. Since then, H1N1 has been circulating in the community together with other seasonal influenza strains, and surveillance of this virus is
Synthetic-polymer-assisted antisense oligonucleotide delivery: targeted approaches for precision disease treatment
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 435–463, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.34
- post-polymerisation modification for drug conjugation or additional targeting [59]. In addition to small molecules, drugs, and proteins, polymers play an essential role in the delivery of nucleic acids as they provide high stability and flexibility [60]. The delivery or nucleic acids can be improved
- )) targeting solid tumours [66]. Triblock copolymers comprising poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) (PEtOx), poly(2-n-propyl-2-oxazoline) (PnPrOx), and PLL (Mw = 6.9 kDa, degree of polymerization (DP) = 42) segments allowed for the formation of compartmentalised micelles bearing a hydrophilic PEtOx shell, a
- precision disease treatment, as certain receptors for growth factors, hormones, and vitamins are often overexpressed in defective cells. The incorporation of moieties such as proteins, sugars, folic acid, steroids, and growth factors provide an effective means of targeting and enhancing cellular uptake of
Engineered PEG–PCL nanoparticles enable sensitive and selective detection of sodium dodecyl sulfate: a qualitative and quantitative analysis
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 385–396, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.29
- delivery, targeting, sensing, and imaging [23]. Also, there are a wide variety of nanoparticles available for desired applications. In the case of detection of contaminants or sensing applications, carbon and metal nanoparticles are mostly preferable [24]. Despite their use, these nanoparticles possess
- nanoparticles is a step ahead of the reported studies. Polymer nanoparticles prepared from PEG–PCL are widely used for drug delivery, tumour targeting, and imaging [28]. To our knowledge, there is no report regarding using PEG–PCL nanoparticles (PEG–PCL NPs) as a contaminant detection system. Accordingly, we
Development of a mucoadhesive drug delivery system and its interaction with gastric cells
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 371–384, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.28
- targeting of drugs requires increased gastric retention to elevate the amount of drug at the site of action. In this study, a mucoadhesive drug delivery system was developed. The fabricated nanoscale particulate system reveals positive charge, which is beneficial for mucus interaction. The entrapment
Graphene oxide–chloroquine conjugate induces DNA damage in A549 lung cancer cells through autophagy modulation
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 316–332, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.24
- efflux, DNA damage repair, and activation of pro-survival cell signaling cascades, alterations in drug target moieties limit the effectiveness of chemotherapeutic treatments [2][3]. In general, chemotherapeutic drugs inhibit the cancer progression and metastases by directly or indirectly targeting DNA of
- of DDR either through autophagy modulation or poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibition could provide a better therapeutic response [6][7]. Recently, nanomedicine has shown immense potential/efficacy in the treatment of chemoresistant tumors by providing improved molecular targeting, better
- targeting, DNA damage, and dysfunction of other intracellular organelles [52][54]. To assess the interaction of GO–Chl with A549 cells, we incubated the cells with 25 µg/mL of GO–Chl for 24 h at 37 °C and processed the samples as described in the method section. After 24 h of incubation, an increased number
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