Missing links in nanomaterials research impacting productivity and perceptions

• Santosh K. Tiwari and
• Nannan Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2168–2176, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.149

• . However, paradoxically, the same institutions and voices continue to train and graduate large numbers of doctoral students each year for vested interest. This contradiction reflects a broader systemic tension within academic and industrial research ecosystems. Nanomaterials research is now experiencing a

Quality by design optimization of microemulsions for topical delivery of Passiflora setacea seed oil

• Daniel T. Pereira,
• Douglas Dourado,
• Danielle T. Freire,
• Dayanne L. Porto,
• Cícero F. S. Aragão,
• Myla L. de Souza,
• Guilherme R. S. de Araujo,
• Ana Maria Costa,
• Wógenes N. Oliveira,
• Anne Sapin-Minet,
• Éverton N. Alencar and
• Eryvaldo Sócrates T. Egito

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2116–2131, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.146

• surfactant and/or co-surfactant concentrations to sufficiently reduce interfacial tension and promote spontaneous formation of stable nanodroplets [6][28]. However, a previous study from our group (Dourado et al. (2022) [13]) successfully developed stable microemulsion regions using the same surfactant blend

• other components such as NaCMC and vitamin E [44][45]. Surface tension The surface tension of the microemulsion was characterized through six replicates, yielding an average value of 40.27 ± 0.22 mN·m−1. Similar surface tension values have been reported for microemulsions in the literature [46][47

• ]. This range is considerably favorable for topical formulations, as lower surface tension enhances spreadability and promotes interaction with the stratum corneum and its lipidic barrier. Due to instrumental limitations associated with the high viscosity resulting from NaCMC addition, the surface tension

Beyond the shell: exploring polymer–lipid interfaces in core–shell nanofibers to carry hyaluronic acid and β-caryophyllene

• Aline Tavares da Silva Barreto,
• Francisco Alexandrino-Júnior,
• Bráulio Soares Arcanjo,
• Paulo Henrique de Souza Picciani and
• Kattya Gyselle de Holanda e Silva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2015–2033, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.139

• concentration, surface tension, conductivity, and solvent volatility, alongside careful consideration of electrospinning conditions, such as temperature and humidity [18][19]. The polymer selection of nanofibers intended for biomedical applications must prioritize not only mechanical strength, controlled

Laser ablation in liquids for shape-tailored synthesis of nanomaterials: status and challenges

• Natalie Tarasenka

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1963–1997, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.137

Phytol-loaded soybean oil nanoemulsion as a promising alternative against Leishmania amazonensis

• Victória Louise Pinto Freire,
• Mariana Farias Alves-Silva,
• Johny W. de Freitas Oliveira,
• Matheus de Freitas Fernandes-Pedrosa,
• Alianda Maira Cornélio,
• Marcelo de Souza-Silva,
• Thayse Silva Medeiros and
• Arnóbio Antônio da Silva Junior

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1826–1836, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.126

• fully confirm the long-term stability and therapeutic reliability of the formulation. Additionally, the presence of glycerin as a co-solvent may have contributed to the reduction in interfacial tension and improved droplet uniformity, factors known to enhance long-term stability [41]. Importantly, the

Exploring the potential of polymers: advancements in oral nanocarrier technology

• Rousilândia de Araujo Silva,
• Igor Eduardo Silva Arruda,
• Luise Lopes Chaves,
• Mônica Felts de La Roca Soares and
• Jose Lamartine Soares Sobrinho

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1751–1793, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.122

Multifunctional anionic nanoemulsion with linseed oil and lecithin: a preliminary approach for dry eye disease

• Niédja Fittipaldi Vasconcelos,
• Almerinda Agrelli,
• Rayane Cristine Santos da Silva,
• Carina Lucena Mendes-Marques,
• Isabel Renata de Souza Arruda,
• Priscilla Stela Santana de Oliveira,
• Mércia Liane de Oliveira and
• Giovanna Machado

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1711–1733, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.120

• suggests that the lecithin content in the O/W(L-1%) and O/W(L-2%) pre-formulations is insufficient to effectively reduce surface tension, resulting in incomplete droplet coverage and subsequent coalescence. As the lecithin concentration in the pre-formulations was increased, the hydrodynamic diameter of

• surface tension by fully covering the interfacial surface area, thereby stabilizing the emulsion structure [80][81]. Among the pre-formulations, O/W(L-3%) demonstrated optimal performance, with a hydrodynamic diameter of approximately 300 nm and a PdI value of 0.252. This monomodal intensity distribution

• through ultrasound [96]. The dilution process of the O/W(L-3%) system facilitated a more uniform distribution of lecithin molecules around the surface of the LO droplets, effectively reducing the interfacial tension. This process, coupled with low-energy ultrasound, allowed for the reduction of the

Ambient pressure XPS at MAX IV

• Mattia Scardamaglia,
• Ulrike Küst,
• Alexander Klyushin,
• Rosemary Jones,
• Jan Knudsen,
• Robert Temperton,
• Andrey Shavorskiy and
• Esko Kokkonen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1677–1694, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.118

• meniscus must be thin enough to allow photoelectrons to escape, yet thick enough to maintain electrical contact. The meniscus thickness depends on factors such as the wetting properties of the WE, liquid viscosity, surface tension, and pulling speed. This geometry enables true operando studies of solid

Bioinspired polypropylene-based functionally graded materials and metamaterials modeling the mistletoe–host interface

• Lina M. Rojas González,
• Naeim Ghavidelnia,
• Christoph Eberl and
• Max D. Mylo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1592–1606, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.113

• found for the specimen with V-shaped interfaces (Figure 6D). Functionally graded metamaterials To analyze the mechanical metamaterials, three different geometries were tested under tension, one with a triangular metastructure and two with a graded PP–PPGF metastructure (Figure 2G–I). Figure 7 shows the

Influence of laser beam profile on morphology and optical properties of silicon nanoparticles formed by laser ablation in liquid

• Natalie Tarasenka,
• Vladislav Kornev,
• Alena Nevar and
• Nikolai Tarasenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1533–1544, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.108

• influence CB evolution. These parameters strongly affect size and morphology of the forming NPs. In general, the dynamics of the CBs [38] is described by a modified Rayleigh–Plesset equation [39], which considers the pressure and size of CBs depending on parameters of both liquid (surface tension, density

Laser processing in liquids: insights into nanocolloid generation and thin film integration for energy, photonic, and sensing applications

• Akshana Parameswaran Sreekala,
• Pooja Raveendran Nair,
• Jithin Kundalam Kadavath,
• Bindu Krishnan,
• David Avellaneda Avellaneda,
• M. R. Anantharaman and
• Sadasivan Shaji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1428–1498, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.104

• volume of precursor solution, characterized by low surface tension, is released from a capillary tube either by dripping with negligible initial velocity or by injection with an initial velocity. The droplet is then directed toward the substrate, where the ultrasonic vibration aids in controlling the

Acrocomia aculeata oil-loaded nanoemulsion: development, anti-inflammatory properties, and cytotoxicity evaluation

• Verónica Bautista-Robles,
• Hady Keita,
• Edgar Julián Paredes Gamero,
• Layna Tayná Brito Leite,
• Jessica de Araújo Isaías Muller,
• Mônica Cristina Toffoli Kadri,
• Ariadna Lafourcade Prada and
• Jesús Rafael Rodríguez Amado

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1277–1288, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.93

• marked reduction in droplet size, stabilizing between 110 and 120 nm across all time points. This reduction can be attributed to several interrelated physicochemical mechanisms. Primarily, the nonionic surfactants Span 80® and Tween 80® reduce interfacial tension between oil and aqueous phases, a

Mechanical stability of individual bacterial cells under different osmotic pressure conditions: a nanoindentation study of Pseudomonas aeruginosa

• Lizeth García-Torres,
• Idania De Alba Montero,
• Eleazar Samuel Kolosovas-Machuca,
• Facundo Ruiz,
• Sumati Bhatia,
• Jose Luis Cuellar Camacho and
• Jaime Ruiz-García

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1171–1183, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.86

• channels contributing to its selective permeability [12][13]. Also integrated into the outer membrane, specific tension-activated channel proteins are responsible for the osmoregulation of the membrane envelope and its protection from threatening conditions such as severe osmotic downshocks, which can lead

• to an excessive increase in the membrane tension resulting in rupture [14][15]. The mechanosensitive (MS) family of channel proteins have been identified as the main efflux pumps required by PA to regulate the exit of osmolytes and reduce the membrane tension to acceptable life-compatible values

• . Therefore, the type and density of these MS channels triggered at different threshold values of membrane tension determine the survival capacity of the bacteria under drastic changes in osmotic pressure [16][17][18][19][20]. PA is also known to use other channel proteins to overcome the attack by

Piezoelectricity of hexagonal boron nitrides improves bone tissue generation as tested on osteoblasts

• Sevin Adiguzel,
• Nilay Cicek,
• Zehra Cobandede,
• Feray B. Misirlioglu,
• Hulya Yilmaz and
• Mustafa Culha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1068–1081, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.78

• . Although applying US to the environment is a noninvasive mechanical stimulation, it may still cause acoustic streaming, acoustic microstreaming, and cavitation. This mechanical effect may cause fluid flow in the extracellular environment, creating temporary membrane deformation and tension on osteoblasts

Soft materials nanoarchitectonics: liquid crystals, polymers, gels, biomaterials, and others

• Katsuhiko Ariga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1025–1067, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.77

Multifunctional properties of bio-poly(butylene succinate) reinforced with multiwalled carbon nanotubes

• Volodymyr Krasinskyi,
• Krzysztof Bajer,
• Ludmila Dulebova,
• Nickolas Polychronopoulos,
• Oksana Krasinska and
• Daniel Kaczor

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1014–1024, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.76

• water absorption (n) was measured following ISO 62:2008 “Plastics – Determination of Water Absorption”, using film samples of a square shape (50 × 50 mm2) with a thickness of 350 µm. The surface tension or wettability (σ) of the films was measured according to ISO 8296:2003 “Plastics – Film and Sheeting

• – Determination of Wetting Tension”. The tests were conducted on the smooth side of the PBS and PBS/CNT_0.5 films. Dynamic (µD) and static (µS) coefficients of friction tests were conducted using the TIRAtest 27025 testing machine (TIRA Maschinenbau GmbH, Schalkau, Germany), equipped with a specialized attachment

• precise positioning of the hardness tester at a right angle to the specimen surface. Mechanical properties tests under static tension were conducted using a TIRAtest 27025 testing machine (TIRA Maschinenbau GmbH, Schalkau, Germany). Maximum stress (Rm), stress at break (Rb), tensile modulus (Et), strain

Ar⁺ implantation-induced tailoring of RF-sputtered ZnO films: structural, morphological, and optical properties

• Manu Bura,
• Divya Gupta,
• Arun Kumar and
• Sanjeev Aggarwal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 872–886, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.66

• surface relaxation process, which leads to the smoothening of the surface and is also mentioned as negative surface tension by others [32][33]. This process causes the breaking of larger structures into smaller ones. Thus, one can tune the surface morphology of films using an inert ion beam through a

Aprepitant-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles: a novel approach to enhance oral bioavailability

• Mazhar Hussain,
• Muhammad Farooq,
• Muhammad Asad Saeed,
• Muhammad Ijaz,
• Sherjeel Adnan,
• Zeeshan Masood,
• Muhammad Waqas,
• Wafa Ishaq and
• Nabeela Ameer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 652–663, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.50

• β-CD concentration converted crystalline entrapped APT into an amorphous state, decreasing surface tension and promoting the solubility profile [14]. A similar behavior was observed for the poloxamer 407 samples with solubilities in the order of APT-PX-NP5 > APT-PX-NP6 > APT-PX-NP7 > APT-PX-NP8 due

Polyurethane/silk fibroin-based electrospun membranes for wound healing and skin substitute applications

• Iqra Zainab,
• Zohra Naseem,
• Syeda Rubab Batool,
• Muhammad Waqas,
• Ahsan Nazir and
• Muhammad Anwaar Nazeer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 591–612, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.46

• through a capillary, and a high voltage is applied to charge the solution’s particles, which produces an attractive force [54]. When the solution’s surface tension is overcome at a critical voltage, a jet shoots out of the capillary’s tip toward a grounded collector (Figure 2A) [55]. The morphology of

Enhancing mechanical properties of chitosan/PVA electrospun nanofibers: a comprehensive review

• Nur Areisman Mohd Salleh,
• Amalina Muhammad Afifi,
• Fathiah Mohamed Zuki and
• Hanna Sofia SalehHudin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 286–307, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.22

• , including irregular fluid jet movement, variations in surface tension, and sensitivity to external parameters such as temperature, humidity, and airflow. These factors can disrupt the uniformity of the fiber formation. When the fiber jets are drawn in the direction of the electric field force, the polymer

• ]. Electrospinning involves applying a high voltage to a polymer solution delivered through a nozzle or capillary [71]. The electrostatic charge builds up at the tip of the droplet, and when the repulsive force of the charges overcomes the droplet’s surface tension, a cone-like jet, known as the Taylor cone, forms

Effect of radiation-induced vacancy saturation on the first-order phase transformation in nanoparticles: insights from a model

• Aram Shirinyan and
• Yuriy Bilogorodskyy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1453–1472, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.117

• nanomaterials with phase change and reduction in surface tension serve as suitable systems for elucidation and comparison. In summary, there is a competition among various energetic factors influencing phase stability and transformations in HDCMs during irradiation. These factors include (i) the bulk

New design of operational MEMS bridges for measurements of properties of FEBID-based nanostructures

• Bartosz Pruchnik,
• Krzysztof Kwoka,
• Ewelina Gacka,
• Dominik Badura,
• Piotr Kunicki,
• Andrzej Sierakowski,
• Paweł Janus,
• Tomasz Piasecki and
• Teodor Gotszalk

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1273–1282, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.103

• tension along the cantilevers in the RoI. The pseudo-thermal strain corresponding to the experimentally obtained strain was the result of the sink temperature of 393 K. In the experiment, we observed that gallium FIB with 30 keV energy directed at the RoI bends the cantilevers downwards by changing the

Entry of nanoparticles into cells and tissues: status and challenges

• Kirsten Sandvig,
• Tore Geir Iversen and
• Tore Skotland

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1017–1029, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.83

• membrane tension [69]. Thus, any treatment that affects cell morphology and thus may change membrane tension, could have an effect on actin dependency. In agreement with this is the finding that the insertion of lysolipids into the membrane made transferrin uptake more dependent on actin [70]. Knockdown of

Beyond biomimicry – next generation applications of bioinspired adhesives from microfluidics to composites

• Dan Sameoto

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 965–976, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.79

• the channels but also directed the liquid metal flow via Laplace barriers within the channels, offering a mechanism by which we could precisely control the filling of a liquid with very high surface tension [36] (Figure 5). Additionally, small subfeatures within the microfluidic channels could allow

• demonstrated and may yet be improved by other groups working toward similar goals. Hence, the tuning of adhesion within composites could be an important area of investigation for years to come. While this is a demonstration of bending stiffness increase, similar effects can be achieved regarding tension, much

• non-planar surfaces, bonded to microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), and their use in droplet generation with oil and water. Laplace barriers within geckofluidic channels have directed room-temperature liquid metals (eutectic gallium–indium) with extremely high surface tension to properly fill

Therapeutic effect of F127-folate@PLGA/CHL/IR780 nanoparticles on folate receptor-expressing cancer cells

• Thi Ngoc Han Pham,
• Phuong-Thao Dang-Luong,
• Hong-Phuc Nguyen,
• Loc Le-Tuan,
• Xuan Thang Cao,
• Thanh-Danh Nguyen,
• Vy Tran Anh and
• Hieu Vu_Quang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 954–964, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.78

• pluronic F127 (F127), can be used in the water phase to lower the surface tension of the organic phase and to produce the nanoemulsion during the homogenization process [5][6][7]. F127 is a copolymer made up of blocks of poly(ethylene oxide)–poly(propylene oxide)–poly(ethylene oxide), PEO100–PPO65–PEO100