Molecular nanoarchitectonics: unification of nanotechnology and molecular/materials science

• Katsuhiko Ariga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 434–453, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.35

• in a designed layered structure. As summarized in the review by Akashi and Akagi, LbL assembly is valuable as a pathway to the design and development of innovative biomaterials for tissue engineering [100]. Interfacial phenomena contribute significantly to material accumulation and property

• . Functional exploration through material accumulation and organization has also been widely conducted. The manipulation of precise molecular alignments and photochemical properties through multiple electrostatic interactions with two-dimensional clay mineral nanosheets has been summarized by Ishida [102]. Yue

Polymer nanoparticles from low-energy nanoemulsions for biomedical applications

• Santiago Grijalvo and
• Carlos Rodriguez-Abreu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 339–350, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.29

• inherent cytotoxicity of PLGA may come from the accumulation of the degraded polymer components leading to changes in osmolality of the culture medium [50]. Other in vitro studies also reported that the size of PLGA nanoparticles had a significant impact on cytotoxicity against BEAS-2B and RAW264.7 cells

Overview of mechanism and consequences of endothelial leakiness caused by metal and polymeric nanoparticles

• Magdalena Lasak and
• Karol Ciepluch

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 329–338, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.28

• from the EPR effect and active targeting strategies may increase the efficacy of the therapy. Nevertheless, the accumulation in other, non-targeted organs indicates the existence of a method of NP transport through the endothelium other than EPR [26][28][29][32]. Sindhwani et al. identified an active

• and amplified metastatic effect in cancer patients and the accumulation of NPs in unintended organs. Therefore, it is crucial to gain a full understanding of NanoEL and to develop effective and safe inducers, which are NPs that will facilitate access to the target sites and, at the same time, reduce

Recent progress in cancer cell membrane-based nanoparticles for biomedical applications

• Qixiong Lin,
• Yueyou Peng,
• Yanyan Wen,
• Xiaoqiong Li,
• Donglian Du,
• Weibin Dai,
• Wei Tian and
• Yanfeng Meng

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 262–279, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.24

• system (RES) or the mononuclear phagocytosis system (MPS) [4]. The subsequent rapid clearance from blood circulation by the liver and kidneys results in insufficient drug accumulation in the target tissue [5]. In addition, NPs can interact with proteins to form a protein corona, which affects the

• tumor-targeting ability of stem cells [12], immune cells [13], and cancer cell membranes [14]. In vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated that cell membrane-coated nanoparticles exhibit higher potency, longer retention, and more significant accumulation than bare nanoparticles in the tumor

• cancer cell membrane-coated NPs have shown great promise. This strategy could enable the drug to accumulate in target tissues while reducing accumulation in off-target areas. HCC, a common digestive system tumor, presents the sixth leading cancer incidence and the third leading mortality worldwide [61

Nanotechnology – a robust tool for fighting the challenges of drug resistance in non-small cell lung cancer

• Filip Gorachinov,
• Fatima Mraiche,
• Diala Alhaj Moustafa,
• Ola Hishari,
• Yomna Ismail,
• Jensa Joseph,
• Maja Simonoska Crcarevska,
• Marija Glavas Dodov,
• Nikola Geskovski and
• Katerina Goracinova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 240–261, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.23

• effect, and further accumulation within mitochondria [95]. Barthel et al. developed mixed-layer ABC triblock terpolymer mixed PEO shell nanomicelles of a size below 30 nm, based on poly(ethylene oxide)-b-poly(allyl glycidyl ether)-b-poly(tert-butyl glycidyl ether) (PEO-b-PAGE-b-PtBGE). The PAGE segment

• , and cell internalization of the nanocarriers. Due to the enhanced tumor accumulation, reduced accumulation at the off-site targets, and same-place/same-time delivery of therapeutic concentrations of both drugs at the site of action, an optimal synergistic effect of the active substances and efficient

High–low Kelvin probe force spectroscopy for measuring the interface state density

• Ryo Izumi,
• Masato Miyazaki,
• Yan Jun Li and
• Yasuhiro Sugawara

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 175–189, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.18

• interface state density inside semiconductors. We derive an analytical expression for the electrostatic forces between a tip and a semiconductor sample in the accumulation, depletion, and inversion regions, taking into account the charge transfer between the bulk and interface states in semiconductors. We

• between a metal tip and a semiconductor surface, a surface potential is generated on the semiconductor surface, resulting in, for example, surface charge accumulation, depletion, and inversion states. The relationship between this surface charge and the electrostatic force between the tip and the sample

• to the surface, forming an accumulation layer of electrons. When a small negative bias voltage is applied to the metal tip (Vdc < 0), electrons (majority carriers) in the semiconductor are depleted from the surface, forming a depletion layer. When a large negative bias voltage is applied to the metal

Characterisation of a micrometer-scale active plasmonic element by means of complementary computational and experimental methods

• Ciarán Barron,
• Giulia Di Fazio,
• Samuel Kenny,
• Silas O’Toole,
• Robin O’Reilly and
• Dominic Zerulla

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 110–122, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.12

• Figure 7. Directly comparing the simulated and experimental plasmonic resonance positions between the SPR curves in Figure 6, there is a difference of 0.07° in the position of the plasmonic dip. While this is outside the estimated error accumulation of approximately 0.02° on the experimental data, the

The influence of structure and local structural defects on the magnetic properties of cobalt nanofilms

• Alexander Vakhrushev,
• Aleksey Fedotov,
• Olesya Severyukhina and
• Anatolie Sidorenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 23–33, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.3

• materials [7][8], in which heat storage and accumulation occur due to phase transformations. The functioning of such storage media is based on energy fluctuations in the process of crystallization or melting of the media. In contrast to traditional media, thermal storage does not require sealing of the

Utilizing the surface potential of a solid electrolyte region as the potential reference in Kelvin probe force microscopy

• Nobuyuki Ishida

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1558–1563, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.129

• -accumulation layer on the negative electrode side [14][15]. Consequently, a voltage drop occurs only close to the interface between the electrode and the solid electrolyte, with the potential within the solid electrolyte region becoming constant, as depicted in Figure 1b. In general, the magnitude of the

• toward the negatively biased electrode, resulting in an ionic current flow. The ion current decays with time and, in principle, becomes zero when the electric field in the solid electrolyte is shielded by the accumulation and depletion of Li ions. Before starting each KPFM measurement, we waited 2–4 min

• shielded by the accumulation and depletion of Li ions. In this experiment, the Au2 electrode was connected to the ground; therefore, the CPD changes at the Au2 electrode were negligibly small, and the potentials at the Au1 electrode were almost the same as the applied voltage. As mentioned above, analyzing

Rapid and sensitive detection of box turtles using an electrochemical DNA biosensor based on a gold/graphene nanocomposite

• Abu Hashem,
• M. A. Motalib Hossain,
• Ab Rahman Marlinda,
• Mohammad Al Mamun,
• Khanom Simarani and
• Mohd Rafie Johan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1458–1472, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.120

• hybridisation. As an intercalator for dsDNA, MB was used. The MB intercalates within Watson–Crick base pairs of dsDNA through a thread-like embolism technique. Thus, the sensing signal is based on the accumulation of MB, which is proportional to the hybridised DNA concentration. Thus, it can easily

Facile preparation of Au- and BODIPY-grafted lipid nanoparticles for synergized photothermal therapy

• Yuran Wang,
• Xudong Li,
• Haijun Chen and
• Yu Gao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1432–1444, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.118

• the successful endocytosis of AB-LNPs into 4T1 cells. However, free BDP did not show time-dependent cellular uptake (Figure 4c,d). Compared with free BDP, AB-LNPs showed significantly enhanced uptake efficiency, indicating that the nanoparticles can increase the internalization and accumulation of

• effect (EPR) of tumors, AB-LNPs will have a good tumor accumulation ability. The enhanced cellular uptake efficiency and the laser-responsive release properties of AB-LNPs could further improve the anti-tumor effects. The clinically applicable temperatures for hyperthermia range from 43 to 47 °C since

LED-light-activated photocatalytic performance of metal-free carbon-modified hexagonal boron nitride towards degradation of methylene blue and phenol

• Nirmalendu S. Mishra and
• Pichiah Saravanan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1380–1392, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.114

• also increased the availability of charge carriers in MBN-80 (Nd: 2.97 × 1019 cm−3) which was found to be significantly greater than that in HBN (Nd: 7.38 × 1018 cm−3). The increased charge density in MBN could be attributed to the accumulation of electrons over the carbon atom which aids in the

• changes in the electronic structure by the formation of C–B and C–N moieties. This also led to the delocalization of electrons and accumulation of additional electrons from the graphitic carbon leading to an increase in charge carrier density within MBN-80. The removal of MB and phenol demonstrated LED

Bending and punching characteristics of aluminum sheets using the quasi-continuum method

• Man-Ping Chang,
• Shang-Jui Lin and
• Te-Hua Fang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1303–1315, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.108

• oscillation exists in the curve from the punch contacts with the workpiece to the workpiece fracture. This oscillation expresses the stick–slip phenomenon, which commonly occurs in the atomic-scale friction [14][61][62]. The stick phenomenon is caused by the accumulation of atoms in front of the punch, and

Design of surface nanostructures for chirality sensing based on quartz crystal microbalance

• Yinglin Ma,
• Xiangyun Xiao and
• Qingmin Ji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1201–1219, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.100

• successfully controlled the long-range chirality recognition of 3-bromonaphthalen-2-ol (BNOL) on a Au(111) surface and proved the recognition force from the herringbone reconstruction-induced accumulation of dipoles at the stripe edge of BNOL [140]. Liu and Li et al. studied the enantiospecific adsorption of α

Microneedle-based ocular drug delivery systems – recent advances and challenges

• Piotr Gadziński,
• Anna Froelich,
• Monika Wojtyłko,
• Antoni Białek,
• Julia Krysztofiak and
• Tomasz Osmałek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1167–1184, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.98

• , MSP yielded much greater TA concentrations in the vitreous humor and choroid-retinal complex after 5 min of application. Moreover, the patches were tested with a rabbit eye model. In this case, after 24 h, significantly higher TA accumulation was observed for MSP in comparison to MCP and intravitreal

Analytical and numerical design of a hybrid Fabry–Perot plano-concave microcavity for hexagonal boron nitride

• Felipe Ortiz-Huerta and
• Karina Garay-Palmett

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1030–1037, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.90

• (Figure 2b,c) to prevent the accumulation of the photopolymer resist, inside the solidified concave polymer, when the sample is developed (SU-8 developer) and cleaned (IPA) to remove any remaining photoresist and developer, respectively, after the 2PP process is finished. Analytical design Geometrical

Numerical study on all-optical modulation characteristics of quantum cascade lasers

• Biao Wei,
• Haijun Zhou,
• Guangxiang Li and
• Bin Tang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1011–1019, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.88

• the valence band electrons to transition to the conduction band and produce electron-hole pairs. The lifetimes of electrons and holes are quite different [22] and result in accumulation of holes, and then, in order to maintain electrical neutrality of the laser, the electrons in the current are added

Design of a biomimetic, small-scale artificial leaf surface for the study of environmental interactions

• Miriam Anna Huth,
• Axel Huth,
• Lukas Schreiber and
• Kerstin Koch

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 944–957, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.83

• of structures that often do not correspond to the original wax type [20][42]. Due to the ring-shaped accumulation and the resulting pattern, this effect is called the “coffee drop effect” [47][48]. This undesirable effect can be avoided by the solvent-free process of physical vapor deposition (PVD

• temperatures, reduced humidity, increased UV radiation, or drought stress can lead to increased wax accumulation [55][64][69][70][71]. Therefore, it was also examined whether there were differences in the wax chemistry between the greenhouse plants and the outdoor plants. The results showed hardly any

Gelatin nanoparticles with tunable mechanical properties: effect of crosslinking time and loading

• Agnes-Valencia Weiss,
• Daniel Schorr,
• Julia K. Metz,
• Metin Yildirim,
• Saeed Ahmad Khan and
• Marc Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 778–787, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.68

• particles. In this way, a higher passive drug targeting effect can be achieved, which was explained by enhanced deformability. The enhanced shape flexibility should lead to a higher extravasation rate and less effective clearance mechanisms. This combination leads to an enhanced particle accumulation in the

A nonenzymatic reduced graphene oxide-based nanosensor for parathion

• Sarani Sen,
• Anurag Roy,
• Ambarish Sanyal and
• Parukuttyamma Sujatha Devi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 730–744, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.65

• the autocatalytic response for the electrochemical oxidation/reduction process is an absorption process, the accumulation time is another vital parameter to achieve the highest response for monitoring the amount of parathion residue in samples [35][36]. It has been shown in Figure 6 that as the

• immersion time of the modified electrode in a PT solution increased, the accumulation of PT on the electrode surface also enhanced. It was found that the highest peak current for 10 μM PT was obtained after immersion for 240 s in the PT solution. A further increase in the accumulation time was unaffected as

• variation of reduction peak current with accumulation potential (A), starting potential of scan (B), frequency (C), and pulse amplitude (D) are shown Figure 8A–D. Analytical performance and selectivity of the proposed nanosensor Figure 9A represents SWV curves obtained from the ERGO modified electrode for

Effects of substrate stiffness on the viscoelasticity and migration of prostate cancer cells examined by atomic force microscopy

• Xiaoqiong Tang,
• Yan Zhang,
• Jiangbing Mao,
• Yuhua Wang,
• Zhenghong Zhang,
• Zhengchao Wang and
• Hongqin Yang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 560–569, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.47

• nuclear accumulation of the cardiomyosin-related transcription factor A, induce epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in osteosarcoma cells, and thus promote osteosarcoma metastasis [12]. Differences in ECM stiffness do not only affect the development of breast cancer and osteosarcoma. Recent studies on

The effect of metal surface nanomorphology on the output performance of a TENG

• Yiru Wang,
• Xin Zhao,
• Yang Liu and
• Wenjun Zhou

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 298–312, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.25

• . There is no potential at this stage, so the transferred charge will accumulate in the gap of metal nanoparticles, and the charge accumulation will have a positive impact on the output performance. However, when the substrate area without nanoparticles is too large, the decrease in the number of metal

Relationship between corrosion and nanoscale friction on a metallic glass

• Haoran Ma and
• Roland Bennewitz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 236–244, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.18

• anodic polarization results in a net positive surface charge [36][37], caused by the accumulation of the dissolved metal cations on the inner layer and strengthens the adhesion of the negatively charged silicon AFM tip [38][39]. Figure 5d depicts schematically this charge buildup at the surface of the

• buffer, the ion transfer is limited by the dissolution rate. Anodic polarization in phosphate buffer with its stronger metal ion dissolution leads to an accumulation of cations on the surface and, thus, to a higher surface charge. In NaCl solution, adhesion increases with immersion time, indicating an

• precipitates into the outer layer. The latter process may be enhanced as a result of hydrate accumulation into supersaturation close to the surface. As the immersion continues, the friction coefficient of the outer layer increases sublinearly with immersion time in phosphate buffer (Figure 5c). The corrosion

Engineered titania nanomaterials in advanced clinical applications

• Padmavati Sahare,
• Paulina Govea Alvarez,
• Juan Manual Sanchez Yanez,
• Gabriel Luna-Bárcenas,
• Samik Chakraborty,
• Sujay Paul and
• Miriam Estevez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 201–218, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.15

• conversion efficiency and by an accumulation of photosensitizers in tumor sites. ROS-related cancer therapeutics such as photodynamic therapy, sonodynamic therapy, and chemical dynamic therapy showed great potential to significantly enhance the precision and efficacy of cancer therapeutics [14]. Neoplastic

• ([48V]TiO2NP) anatase nanoparticles by injecting them intravenously into female Wistar rats. The analysis presented higher accumulation in the liver (95.5% after one day), spleen (2.5%), carcass (1%), skeleton (0.7%), and blood (0.4%) while a detectable quantity of nanoparticles was found in all other

• bacterial accumulation in implants, surface modification is increasingly gaining attention. Dental implants have been modified with drug-releasing TiO2 nanotubes to overcome the infection caused by the presence of persistent oral pathogenic microbial biofilms [57]. Their nanometer-sized roughness and

A comprehensive review on electrospun nanohybrid membranes for wastewater treatment

• Senuri Kumarage,
• Imalka Munaweera and
• Nilwala Kottegoda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 137–159, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.10

• oil to spill into water reservoirs. The lipophilic nature of the oil results in the accumulation of oil–water emulsions. Chemical treatments, mechanical recovery, in situ burning, and bioremediation are some of the primary clean-up methodologies for oil spills [65]. ENH membranes have found