Bioinspired polypropylene-based functionally graded materials and metamaterials modeling the mistletoe–host interface

• Lina M. Rojas González,
• Naeim Ghavidelnia,
• Christoph Eberl and
• Max D. Mylo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1592–1606, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.113

• demonstrated the potential for creating functionally graded structures using multimaterial 3D printing [18][19][20]. However, these methods mainly focus on structural gradients [21] and face significant challenges in part integrity due to the layer-by-layer fabrication process, which results in poor adhesion

Laser processing in liquids: insights into nanocolloid generation and thin film integration for energy, photonic, and sensing applications

• Akshana Parameswaran Sreekala,
• Pooja Raveendran Nair,
• Jithin Kundalam Kadavath,
• Bindu Krishnan,
• David Avellaneda Avellaneda,
• M. R. Anantharaman and
• Sadasivan Shaji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1428–1498, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.104

• deposited by doctor blade exhibit higher porosity and distinct clustering compared to those made by laser ablation. This increased porosity in the doctor blade films is likely responsible for the better dye absorption observed. However, a disadvantage of the doctor blade method is the poor adhesion of the

• substrates kept on a temperature-controlled hotplate. The resulting films were stable and uniform with good adhesion to the substrates. The average thickness of films by spraying one liter of nanocolloid was around 1 mm as evaluated by SEM and profilometry. The morphology of as-deposited and annealed SnS

Synthesis and antibacterial properties of nanosilver-modified cellulose triacetate membranes for seawater desalination

• Lei Wang,
• Shizhe Li,
• Kexin Xu,
• Wenjun Li,
• Ying Li and
• Gang Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1380–1391, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.100

• the Ag@PCTA membrane illustrate a well-defined PDA layer that maintains its uniformity and adhesion to the underlying CTA substrate (Figure 4f). Notably, Ag nanoparticles are not discernible in the cross-sectional view, indicating their confinement within the PDA layer. The underlying CTA layer

Enhancing the therapeutical potential of metalloantibiotics using nano-based delivery systems

• Alejandro Llamedo,
• Marina Cano,
• Raquel G. Soengas and
• Francisco J. García-Alonso

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1350–1366, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.98

• activity was attributed to the synergistic effect of the bismuth complex and tobramycin, as well as the ability of liposomes to facilitate intracellular delivery. Furthermore, LipoBiEDT-TOB effectively inhibited bacterial adhesion of B. cenocepacia to lung cells, supporting its potential to interfere with

Hydrogels and nanogels: effectiveness in dermal applications

• Jéssica da Cruz Ludwig,
• Diana Fortkamp Grigoletto,
• Daniele Fernanda Renzi,
• Wolf-Rainer Abraham,
• Daniel de Paula and
• Najeh Maissar Khalil

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1216–1233, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.90

• . (2017), the authors developed an innovative hydrogel that can be directly injected into the injured skin. The benefits associated with wound healing stand out: self-regeneration potential, antibacterial activity, neutralization of free radicals, high adhesion to the skin, and biocompatibility. These

Mechanical stability of individual bacterial cells under different osmotic pressure conditions: a nanoindentation study of Pseudomonas aeruginosa

• Lizeth García-Torres,
• Idania De Alba Montero,
• Eleazar Samuel Kolosovas-Machuca,
• Facundo Ruiz,
• Sumati Bhatia,
• Jose Luis Cuellar Camacho and
• Jaime Ruiz-García

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1171–1183, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.86

• . Therefore, the pre-programed grid in FV defines the amount of information (number of nanoindentations per scanned line) taken from the sample surface and also its resolution. Typical parameters obtained using the FV mode are the height, stiffness, adhesion, elasticity modulus, and dissipation of the sample

• conditions. Of particular interest was the extraction and comparison of nanomechanical maps obtained in the low range of loading forces to quantify its morphology, membrane stiffness, Young’s modulus of elasticity and adhesion when PA was tested in hypotonic (Milli-Q water), isotonic (0.1 M phosphate

• bacterial adhesion through short-range electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions. Before deposition on the PLL-coated substrate, the bacterial suspension was centrifuged at 2500 rpm for 3 min, and the resulting supernatant was removed. The bacteria were then resuspended in 150 μL of PBS to increase their

Influence of ion beam current on the structural, optical, and mechanical properties of TiO₂ coatings: ion beam-assisted vs conventional electron beam evaporation

• Agata Obstarczyk and
• Urszula Wawrzaszek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1097–1112, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.81

• adhesion to substrates and a densely packed structure. Also, the deposition rate is low, which affects the high residual stress of the coating [7]. In order to improve the properties of vapor-deposited coatings, it is necessary to increase the total energy of the particles reaching the substrates. In

• migration. This can result in much better adhesion of the films to the substrate [11]. In addition, the advantage of using additional ion beam assistance in the EBE processes is an increased packing density of the coatings, making them more resistant to moisture [8][12]. Moreover, the IBAD technique has

• substrates during deposition. In fact, this contributes to the increased density of the thin films. This increases the resistance to material removal and improves adhesion, which prevents delamination during abrasion. Moreover, the increased energy of ions during deposition led to the formation of a finer

Single-layer graphene oxide film grown on α-Al₂O₃(0001) for use as an adsorbent

• Shiro Entani,
• Mitsunori Honda,
• Masaru Takizawa and
• Makoto Kohda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1082–1087, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.79

• zeolites. Consequently, SLGO was demonstrated to be a promising adsorbent. As SLGO grown on α-Al2O3(0001) exhibits stable adhesion to the substrate and possess a large surface area, we are interested in exploring a broad spectrum of potential applications. These applications may include sensing materials

Soft materials nanoarchitectonics: liquid crystals, polymers, gels, biomaterials, and others

• Katsuhiko Ariga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1025–1067, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.77

Shape, membrane morphology, and morphodynamic response of metabolically active human mitochondria revealed by scanning ion conductance microscopy

• Eric Lieberwirth,
• Anja Schaeper,
• Regina Lange,
• Ingo Barke,
• Simone Baltrusch and
• Sylvia Speller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 951–967, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.73

• spherical sample geometry and insufficient immobilisation. While cells adhere to suitable substrates, often facilitated by membrane proteins that increase the contact area, mitochondria lack this ability. SICM studies of cells typically do not show displacement caused by the nanopipette, as their adhesion

• field originating from the ζ-potential acting as the mediating stimulus. The intermittency effect: This phenomenon is attributed to the geometry of the mitochondria, which are only weakly in contact with the substrate due to their spherical or ellipsoidal shapes. Additionally, the lack of adhesion

• gently rinsed with approx. 1 mL Krebs–Ringer medium and carefully refilled with 3 mL of fresh medium. It is important to add the medium gently, as the immobilisation of the mitochondria is very weak compared to cell adhesion. Excessively rapid addition of the medium risks washing the mitochondria away

Facile one-step radio frequency magnetron sputtering of Ni/NiO on stainless steel for an efficient electrode for hydrogen evolution reaction

• Ha Huu Do,
• Khac Binh Nguyen,
• Phuong N. Nguyen and
• Hoai Phuong Pham

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 837–846, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.63

• adhesion and uniform distribution of materials on various substrates [23][24][25]. For instance, Ren et al. used the magnetron sputtering method to introduce Si into an iridium electrode to achieve efficient water electrolysis [26]. Additionally, this technique’s fast deposition rate and high level of the

Supramolecular hydration structure of graphene-based hydrogels: density functional theory, green chemistry and interface application

• Hon Nhien Le,
• Duy Khanh Nguyen,
• Minh Triet Dang,
• Huyen Trinh Nguyen,
• Thi Bang Tam Dao,
• Trung Do Nguyen,
• Chi Nhan Ha Thuc and
• Van Hieu Le

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 806–822, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.61

• coating on polymer substrates, typically polylactide films. Interfacial adhesion of graphene-based nanosheets on polylactide substrates made the antibacterial coating stable for several application purposes. In general, supramolecular graphene-based hydrogels are bioinspired hydration structures to

• nanosheets. Large GO nanosheets are important to provide effective surface area for coating adhesion to the flat substrate and cross-linking in the coating network. Interactions at the interface between the coating and substrate include electrostatic interaction, hydrogen bonding, and van der Waals

• due to the load transfer from the polylactide substrate to the graphene-based coating during the tensile process. Effective coating adhesion to the substrate and high elastic modulus of graphene-based nanosheets contributed to the higher tensile properties. Supporting Information File 1, Figure S6

The impact of tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane hole transport layer doping on interfacial charge extraction and recombination

• Konstantinos Bidinakis and
• Stefan A. L. Weber

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 678–689, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.52

• )amine] (PTAA) [24]. These compounds exhibit favorable solubility, reasonable energetic alignment with most perovskites, and an amorphous nature. The main issues that arise from their usage involve poor conductivity and mechanical stability [25], the existence of pinholes, and a poor adhesion with the

Colloidal few layered graphene–tannic acid preserves the biocompatibility of periodontal ligament cells

• Teissir Ben Ammar,
• Naji Kharouf,
• Dominique Vautier,
• Housseinou Ba,
• Nivedita Sudheer,
• Philippe Lavalle and
• Vincent Ball

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 664–677, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.51

• , demonstrating no cytotoxicity to periodontal ligament cells up to 200 µg·mL−1 while promoting cellular adhesion and maintaining chromatin integrity. Overall, because of its favorable biocompatibility FLG–TA holds promise as a novel biomaterial for dental applications. Keywords: antioxidant properties

• demonstrated that cell adhesion may influence metabolic programming through regulation of adhesion molecules and glucose transport pathways [26][27]. Additionally, the molecular structure of tannic acid allows for potential enzymatic conversion into glucose derivatives via cellular metabolic pathways [28][29

• scavenging ROS, thus enhancing biocompatibility. Second, TA molecules potentially modify graphene’s surface structure, improving cellular adhesion. The effect of FLG–TA on ROS production in PDL cells was investigated. PDL cells were exposed to FLG–TA at concentrations of 1, 25, and 200 μg·mL−1, and ROS

Polyurethane/silk fibroin-based electrospun membranes for wound healing and skin substitute applications

• Iqra Zainab,
• Zohra Naseem,
• Syeda Rubab Batool,
• Muhammad Waqas,
• Ahsan Nazir and
• Muhammad Anwaar Nazeer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 591–612, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.46

• ) on these scaffolds and adding CGF. The results demonstrated that the SF/CS/nHA scaffold combined with CGF promoted better cell adhesion, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs than other groups. In vivo, a rabbit model with major bone defects was used to assess the scaffold’s

• exhibit slower degradation [101]. Additionally, there is a direct correlation between immune cell infiltration and silk degradation. Although other cell types may contribute to silk degradation, immune cells are primarily responsible for this process [102]. Silk can be modified, allowing for cell adhesion

• also be modified to improve cell adhesion and proliferation, facilitating its integration with biological systems [116]. Moreover, PU can be tailored to have particular mechanical characteristics and controlled degradation rates, allowing it to be adapted to various biological environments [117]. Its

Functionalized gold nanoflowers on carbon screen-printed electrodes: an electrochemical platform for biosensing hemagglutinin protein of influenza A H1N1 virus

• Carlos Enrique Torres-Méndez,
• Sharmilee Nandi,
• Klara Martinovic,
• Patrizia Kühne,
• Yifan Liu,
• Sam Taylor,
• Maria Lysandrou,
• Maria Ines Berrojo Romeyro Mascarenhas,
• Viktoria Langwallner,
• Javier Enrique Sebastián Alonso,
• Ivana Jovanovic,
• Maike Lüftner,
• Georgia-Vasiliki Gkountana,
• David Bern,
• Abdul-Raouf Atif,
• Ehsan Manouchehri Doulabi,
• Gemma Mestres and
• Masood Kamali-Moghaddam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 540–550, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.42

• process, forming stable AuNFs that remain at the surface of the electrode upon contact with water and ethanol as no change in the CV was observed after contact with these solvents (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S1). This suggests strong mechanical adhesion of the AuNFs to the CSPE surface. The

N₂⁺-implantation-induced tailoring of structural, morphological, optical, and electrical characteristics of sputtered molybdenum thin films

• Usha Rani,
• Kafi Devi,
• Divya Gupta and
• Sanjeev Aggarwal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 495–509, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.38

• electron beam evaporation [10] have been reported in the literature. RF sputtering is the predominant technique for thin film deposition because of its benefits regarding layer adhesion, uniformity, composition, and deposition rate compared to other methods [11]. In the deposition of molybdenum films, RF

Synthetic-polymer-assisted antisense oligonucleotide delivery: targeted approaches for precision disease treatment

• Ana Cubillo Alvarez,
• Dylan Maguire and
• Ruairí P. Brannigan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 435–463, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.34

Biomimetics and bioinspired surfaces: from nature to theory and applications

• Rhainer Guillermo Ferreira,
• Thies H. Büscher,
• Manuela Rebora,
• Poramate Manoonpong,
• Zhendong Dai and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 418–421, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.32

• understanding the biological systems and their potential as inspiration for innovation in producing biomimetic and bioinspired surfaces. Key topics included bioinspired micro- and nanostructured surfaces, and their tribological properties like friction, wear resistance, and adhesion. Discussions also addressed

Development of a mucoadhesive drug delivery system and its interaction with gastric cells

• Ahmet Baki Sahin,
• Serdar Karakurt and
• Deniz Sezlev Bilecen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 371–384, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.28

• surface area for adhesion. Also, mucus penetration would be hindered because of the mesh-like structure of mucin. For therapeutics that have gastric mucosa as target, this might limit the efficiency and decrease the drug absorption at the site. A smaller particle size, however, is advantageous because of

Pulsed laser in liquid grafting of gold nanoparticle–carbon support composites

• Madeleine K. Wilsey,
• Teona Taseska,
• Qishen Lyu,
• Connor P. Cox and
• Astrid M. Müller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 349–361, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.26

• nanoparticles with their surface attachment and solves longstanding nanoparticle adhesion and electrical contact issues. Irradiation of hydrophilic carbon fiber paper submerged in aqueous HAuCl4 solution by nanosecond laser pulses produced composites with uniform distribution of gold nanoparticles on carbon

• unattached catalyst material, which is especially problematic with precious catalysts. Overall, separate nanoparticle synthesis–attachment produces composites with adhesion, durability, electrical contact, and concomitant energy efficiency issues. Here, we report a new one-step pulsed laser grafting process

• that integrates the generation of nonequilibrium gold nanoparticles with their surface attachment on carbon fiber paper. This pulsed laser grafting approach solves longstanding adhesion and electrical contact issues. Instead of attaching ligand-capped nanoparticles to supports, nanoparticles are seeded

Fabrication and evaluation of BerNPs regarding the growth and development of Streptococcus mutans

• Tuyen Huu Nguyen,
• Hong Thanh Pham,
• Kieu Kim Thanh Nguyen,
• Loan Hong Ngo,
• Anh Ngoc Tuan Mai,
• Thu Hoang Anh Lam,
• Ngan Thi Kim Phan,
• Dung Tien Pham,
• Duong Thuy Hoang,
• Thuc Dong Nguyen and
• Lien Thi Xuan Truong

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 308–315, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.23

• , BerNPs demonstrated the ability to inhibit biofilm formation at various concentrations (Figure 5). The biofilm formation of S. mutans relies on the secretion of glycosyltransferase enzymes and several membrane-bound proteins [38]. SrtA, a surface protein involved in adhesion, biofilm formation, and

Enhancing mechanical properties of chitosan/PVA electrospun nanofibers: a comprehensive review

• Nur Areisman Mohd Salleh,
• Amalina Muhammad Afifi,
• Fathiah Mohamed Zuki and
• Hanna Sofia SalehHudin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 286–307, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.22

• nanofibers provide topographic guidance to cells, promoting cell adhesion, proliferation, and migration. Most importantly, aligned fibers are a prominent type of nanofiber that closely mimics the fibers in the ECM of native tissue [194]. Radially aligned nanofiber patches of chitosan/PVA with thyme essential

• is needed to address this limitation. This method should not only support cell spreading, cell adhesion, and ECM synthesis but also

Radiosensitizing properties of dual-functionalized carbon nanostructures loaded with temozolomide

• Radmila Milenkovska,
• Nikola Geskovski,
• Dushko Shalabalija,
• Ljubica Mihailova,
• Petre Makreski,
• Dushko Lukarski,
• Igor Stojkovski,
• Maja Simonoska Crcarevska and
• Kristina Mladenovska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 229–251, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.18

• [13]. It was also shown that the CNs impair extracellular adhesion and regulate adhesion-dependent pathways (such as EGFR/AKT/mTOR and β-catenin) [14], inhibit angiogenesis via the NF-κB pathway [15], inhibit several signal transduction pathways (WNT/β-catenin, Notch, and JAK-STAT) [16], promote

Recent advances in photothermal nanomaterials for ophthalmic applications

• Jiayuan Zhuang,
• Linhui Jia,
• Chenghao Li,
• Rui Yang,
• Jiapeng Wang,
• Wen-an Wang,
• Heng Zhou and
• Xiangxia Luo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 195–215, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.16

• , aiding in the precise identification of treated areas. Au nanorods, when combined with anti-epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM), accurately target EpCAM+Y79 retinoblastoma cancer cells [108]. The targeted cells are deemed to be destroyed by VNBs induced by optimally parameterized femtosecond