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Search for "animals" in Full Text gives 149 result(s) in Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology.
Realizing active targeting in cancer nanomedicine with ultrasmall nanoparticles
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1208–1226, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.98
- survival relative to control groups. Animals treated with 0.5 mCi (milliCurie) of targeted C’ dots demonstrated improved survival compared to those treated with the same dose of non-targeting C’ dots. 5.4 PSMA-targeting ligands/PMSA receptor Luo et al. developed AuNCs covered with PSMA-1 for selective
- PET imaging, yielding an average value of 13.2% ID/g within 24–48 h p.i. (Figure 7B,C). Tumor uptake varied among animals, ranging from 10.3 to as high as 17.2% ID/g at 24 h p.i., likely reflecting differences in HER2 expression levels. By contrast, significantly lower tumor uptake values (≈5% ID/g
- -noise ratio for MM detection, surpassing levels achievable with other clinically approved imaging modalities. As early as 30 min post-administration, animals treated with the targeted usNPs demonstrated a ≈3-fold improvement in SNR for plasmacytomas in the spine. Song et al. synthesized AuNCs protected
Entry of nanoparticles into cells and tissues: status and challenges
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1017–1029, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.83
- ) are important tools to diagnose and treat diseases, and have proven useful in basic mechanistic studies of cells and animals. Thus, knowledge about cellular uptake, intracellular transport, and metabolism of NPs in cells, as well as their biodistribution, degradation, and excretion following
- /disadvantages of using various methodological approaches [81]. So far, most ADME studies with small animals have been performed using fluorescence; however, labelling with radioactive isotopes for PET or SPECT imaging is growing in popularity due to enhanced imaging depth and spatial resolution for whole-body
- advantages of producing NPs consisting of endogenous lipids or albumin, or having other substances that are degraded and excreted. Although the so-called quantum dots have been found useful for basic studies of cells and small animals, they are too toxic to be approved for human use [90][102]. It should be
Recent progress on field-effect transistor-based biosensors: device perspective
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 977–994, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.80
Beyond biomimicry – next generation applications of bioinspired adhesives from microfluidics to composites
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 965–976, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.79
- draws inspiration from nature, as it is quite common for many animals to include multiple adhesion mechanisms. Between multimaterial 3D printing and the use of newer techniques to precisely define micro/nanofeatures [34] that are beyond the capabilities of traditional lithography, there is a good deal
The effect of age on the attachment ability of stick insects (Phasmatodea)
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 867–883, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.72
- to attach to various surfaces is helpful for climbing animals [11][14], and adapting to the quality of the substrate is especially important for motile animals, which may come into contact with different surfaces, such as plants [9][11][15]. In ageing cockroaches, attachment pad discoloration and
- observations in locusts walking on abrasive sandpaper, leading to the formation of scars in older animals. Scars and stiffened cuticle likely conflict with the functionality of soft adhesive pads as the contact formation of the cuticle is hampered by the reduced material compliance. Phasmatodea, also known as
- investigated various functions of this system and how it changes under certain conditions, such as substrate geometry [36], the presence or absence of claws [37], different surface characteristics of substrates [33][38][39], and the combined effect with pad fluids [40]. For these animals, whose lives strongly
Investigation on drag reduction on rotating blade surfaces with microtextures
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 833–853, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.70
- moving animals, such as the “denticles” found on the surface of shark skin, which enable high-speed swimming [2], as well as the texture of bird feathers [3]. The phenomenon of drag reduction can also be observed on the surface of plants. For example, there is a superhydrophobic structure on the surface
Simultaneous electrochemical determination of uric acid and hypoxanthine at a TiO2/graphene quantum dot-modified electrode
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 719–732, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.60
- compared to healthy individuals is related to Parkinson’s disease [4]. The oxidation of HYP yields xanthine, which can be further oxidized to URI. Meat from shrimp, fish, and some other animals contain large amounts of HYP. High consumption of these foods has been considered to result in elevated levels of
Functional fibrillar interfaces: Biological hair as inspiration across scales
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 664–677, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.55
- the fact that, with respect to certain characteristics, organisms are scaled copies of each other [6]. For example, as expected from isometry, the total surface area of a salamander was found to scale with [7], and the same scaling was found for the total area of adhesive pads of animals within the
- , hair-like trichomes on plant surfaces [27]. Overall, to promote homeostasis in plants, animals, bacteria, and bacteriophages, fibrillar structures contribute to the following functions: protection (e.g., thermal insulation and defense), locomotion and feeding, and sensing. This review will present how
- biological hairs, or fibrillar structures, contribute to those functions across 20 orders of magnitude in organism mass and six orders of magnitude in hair thickness, from the nanometer-thick fibers on bacteriophages to the millimeter-thick hair and fur on mammals. Review Protection Plants and animals often
Comparative analysis of the ultrastructure and adhesive secretion pathways of different smooth attachment pads of the stick insect Medauroidea extradentata (Phasmatodea)
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 612–630, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.52
- Department of Functional Morphology and Biomechanics (Kiel University, Germany). The insects were fed with blackberry leaves ad libitium and kept in a regular day and night cycle. Only adult female individuals were selected. The animals were kept with blackberry leaves in clean hard plastic boxes to reduce
Fabrication of nanocrystal forms of ᴅ-cycloserine and their application for transdermal and enteric drug delivery systems
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 465–474, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.42
- housing, experimentation, and animal disposal were performed in general accordance with the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals (National Academy Press, Washington, DC, 2011). In addition, Eurofins (Taiwan site) conducted the animal studies. Eight-week-old Sprague Dawley rats were randomly
Classification and application of metal-based nanoantioxidants in medicine and healthcare
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 396–415, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.36
- normal metabolism or an effect of exposure to external factors [3][4]. However, the natural antioxidants in our body do not always work efficiently because ROS are so pervasive. Although antioxidant supplements from natural sources such as plants and animals are considered an effective strategy to combat
- resistance to severe environments than the antioxidants originating from plants and animals. More interestingly, through nanoencapsulation and nanodelivery, antioxidant nanomaterials improve the pharmacokinetics of natural antioxidants by preventing their degradation under stress conditions [9][10
- diseases such as cancers, Alzheimer’s disease, and Parkinson′s disease. Although natural antioxidants from plants and animals play an important role in overcoming oxidative stress, such antioxidants have several limitations such as low stability, difficult long-term storage, and high cost of large-scale
Nanomedicines against Chagas disease: a critical review
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 333–349, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.30
- and NFX, respectively) over 5 days ensured 30 dpi survival in two-thirds of treated animals [53]. BNZ was also loaded in Eudragit L-100 nanocapsules (BNZ-NCP). Their administration at 20 mg/kg/day for 8 days yielded reduced parasitemia, and 50% of treated mice survived 30 dpi [54]. Intravenous BNZ
- ], short doses of liposomal amphotericin B were expected to act effectively against CD. Unfortunately, the trials did not exceed the preclinical phase. Liposomal amphotericin B cleared blood trypomastigotes and improved survival but did not cure mice [64][65]. All animals treated with liposomal
- plasma clearance in comparison with free LYC [73], protecting the host against the cardiotoxicity of LYC [74]. Higher doses (12 mg/kg/day) of oral LYC-PLA-PEG-NCs cured 75% of animals in the acute phase and 88% of those in the chronic phase of murine models [75]. Orally administered to acute and chronic
Green SPIONs as a novel highly selective treatment for leishmaniasis: an in vitro study against Leishmania amazonensis intracellular amastigotes
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 893–903, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.73
- decrease in the replication of Leishmania spp. in different tissues of infected animals due to the interaction with reactive oxygen and nitrogen species [31][32]. Several studies have shown the potential of using nanoparticles as a new method for treating leishmaniasis. However, only a few studies report
- ethanol concentration in cultures did not exceed 0.5%, which did not interfere with cell growth. The nanoparticles used in the biological tests were stored at −20 °C. Ethics committee for the use of laboratory animals The assays that used mammalian macrophages and parasites from animal models were
- approved by the Ethics Committee for the Use of Laboratory Animals (CEUA) of the Centro de Ciências da Saúde from the Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro according to the Brazilian Federal Law (11794/2008, Decreto No. 6,899/2009). For the use of peritoneal macrophages resident in mice and the
Biomimetics on the micro- and nanoscale – The 25th anniversary of the lotus effect
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 850–856, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.69
- concept of “copying” nature or learning from it arose (e.g., the story of Daedalus and Icarus [4]). This and other examples show that often physical phenomena in animals and plants can be described; however, it is not possible to immediately understand the mechanisms behind them and to transfer those to
- treatment on the elastic modulus of locust cuticle obtained by nanoindentation”, investigate the mechanical properties of the cuticle that builds the surface of insects and related groups of animals. The cuticle is one of the most abundant, but least studied biological composites. In their study, the
- and the geometry of the setae with age and size of the animals. The authors find that the diameter of the fibres and their density in the toepad do not change with size in this species. The toepads scale isometrically with body size, and the setae get relatively shorter with body size. The scaling is
Metal-organic framework-based nanomaterials as opto-electrochemical sensors for the detection of antibiotics and hormones: A review
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 631–673, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.52
- . Particularly inexpensive quinolones, a class of synthetic antibiotics, are frequently used to treat bacterial infections in animals, particularly fish, cattle, and poultry. However, the presence of these antibiotic residues in foods derived from animals, such as eggs, milk, meat, and fats, can have a number of
- ]. Synthetic hormones are often used to accelerate plant and poultry growth, as well as to boost the production of milk in cattle and other animals [9]. In the world today, the use of synthetic hormones for oral contraception, bodybuilding, and weightlifting has increased at an unprecedented rate. These
Suspension feeding in Copepoda (Crustacea) – a numerical model of setae acting in concert
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 603–615, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.50
- Ukraine, 83114 Donetsk, Ukraine Department of Behavioral Biology, Institute of Cell and Systems Biology of Animals, Universität Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146 Hamburg, Germany Department of Mammalogy and Paleoanthropology, Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change, Martin
- field of filtration technologies. Keywords: adhesion; confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM); feeding efficiency; feeding structures; mechanical properties; Introduction Particle capture mechanisms are common in a huge variety of aquatic animals, such as polychaetes, bryozoans, bivalves, sponges
The origin of black and white coloration of the Asian tiger mosquito Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae)
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 496–508, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.41
- related to defensive behaviour. The influence of prey coloration of animals living in groups on the “confusion effect” towards predators is a field still largely unexplored. However, there is some evidence in “human predators” that motion dazzle camouflage could enhance the confusion effect [30][31][32
Bismuth-based nanostructured photocatalysts for the remediation of antibiotics and organic dyes
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 291–321, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.26
- administered therapeutically to cure/prevent pathogen infections in people, animals, or both, as well as to increase livestock yields. However, since 50–80% of the antibiotic compounds that are taken are typically eliminated through urine and faeces, there are growing concerns regarding their excessive
- dye. Additionally, some dyes, such as xanthene and erythrosine, have been related to allergic reactions, neurotoxins, and DNA damage in both humans and animals [70]. An eco-friendly, practical, and efficient treatment method is urgently needed because of the increasing pollution and health and
Rapid and sensitive detection of box turtles using an electrochemical DNA biosensor based on a gold/graphene nanocomposite
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1458–1472, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.120
- therapeutic properties and stimulating components [2][3]. The animals are captured for local use, sold as pets, utilised as foodstuffs, and in traditional Chinese remedies [4]. In addition, tortoise shells are used to make gels, soups, pills, and capsules [5]. However, these animals are hosts of several
- differentiate BT DNA from DNAs of other animals by using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) using methylene blue (MB) as a redox species. Results and Discussion Design of a unique probe for BT The identification and differentiation of different species is difficult because related species share many
- compare hybridisation efficacy, and the results show discrimination of BT from other animals. The sequences of the targeted regions of all 30 species, their accession numbers, selected probe sequence, mismatch sequences, and reverse complementary sequences are shown in Figure 1. Characterisation of the
Dry under water: air retaining properties of large-scale elastomer foils covered with mushroom-shaped surface microstructures
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1370–1379, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.113
- Holzgerlingen, Germany 10.3762/bjnano.13.113 Abstract Superhydrophobic surfaces are well known for most different functions in plants, animals, and thus for biomimetic technical applications. Beside the Lotus Effect, one of their features with great technical, economic and ecologic potential is the Salvinia
- effective large scale production. Meanwhile, a novel biomimetic surface is commercially available and produced on a large scale: an adhesive elastomeric film with mushroom-shaped surface microstructures that mimic the adhesion system of animals. In this study, we show that these films, which have been
Supramolecular assembly of pentamidine and polymeric cyclodextrin bimetallic core–shell nanoarchitectures
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1361–1369, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.112
- ) with pentamidine (Pent), an antimicrobial agent used against leishmaniasis [16], to investigate the antimicrobial activity of novel nanosystems (i.e., nanoGSP; Figure 1). Leishmaniasis is an infectious disease caused by protozoan parasites transmitted to humans and animals by the bite of tiny (2–3 mm
Growing up in a rough world: scaling of frictional adhesion and morphology of the Tokay gecko (Gekko gecko)
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1292–1302, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.107
- ability to adhere to surfaces in nature. Using Tokay geckos (Gekko gecko), we examined the post-hatching scaling of morphology and frictional adhesive performance in animals ranging from 5 to 125 grams in body mass. We quantified setal density, setal length, and toepad area using SEM. This was then used
- lower values than smooth surfaces. The safety factor went down with body mass and with surface roughness, suggesting that smaller animals may be more likely to occupy rough substrates in their natural habitat. Keywords: allometry; biomechanics; ecology; habitat; ontogeny; substrate; Introduction
- Animals attach to surfaces in numerous ways, including claws, suction, and both wet and dry adhesion. In fact, some animals can utilize multiple attachment mechanisms [1][2], leading to multifunctionality across surfaces of varying roughness. Dry adhesion is found in many invertebrates and squamate
Laser-processed antiadhesive bionic combs for handling nanofibers inspired by nanostructures on the legs of cribellate spiders
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1268–1283, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.105
- product in the form of a random network of fibers, referred to as nonwoven fabric, the stickiness of the freshly produced and thus fragile nanofiber nonwoven remains a problem. This is mainly because nanofibers strongly adhere to any surface because of van der Waals forces. In nature, there are animals
- interacting surface area. Though technical nanofiber handling and processing is limited today, in nature, there are animals that are actually able to efficiently produce, process, and handle nanofibers, namely cribellate spiders [10][11]. Their capture thread consists of one or two axial fibers as
- endangered or protected species. Special permits were not required. All applicable international, national, and institutional guidelines for the care and use of animals were followed. Amaurobius similis (Blackwall, 1861) and Uloborus plumipes (Lucas, 1846) were captured in Aachen, Germany, and kept in the
Microneedle-based ocular drug delivery systems – recent advances and challenges
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1167–1184, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.98
- concluded from the presented studies, the current state of knowledge is related mostly to physicochemical parameters and the number of studies performed with the use of in vivo models is rather limited. It is also noteworthy that the available data refer to animals and, to the best of our knowledge, no
Recent advances in green carbon dots (2015–2022): synthesis, metal ion sensing, and biological applications
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1068–1107, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.93
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