Functional diversity of resilin in Arthropoda

• Jan Michels,
• Esther Appel and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1241–1259, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.115

• , including those of fleas, feature composite architectures comparable to those described above. The ability of resilin to store energy within jumping systems was shown to be also involved in an energy absorption function of a specific structure, called buckling region, that is present in each tibia of locust

• hind legs [76]. The buckling region is located in an area where the bending moment during jumping and kicking is high. When a hindleg slips during jumping or misses a target during kicking, this structure can buckle and thereby act as a shock absorber by dissipating energy that would otherwise have to

• be absorbed by other suctures such as the leg joints. The buckling region exhibits parts with large proportions of resilin that are assumed to contribute to the energy absorption and to the restoration of the original shape of the leg after buckling [76]. Flight systems: folds, tendons and

Reasons and remedies for the agglomeration of multilayered graphene and carbon nanotubes in polymers

• Rasheed Atif and
• Fawad Inam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1174–1196, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.109

• causing a shortening and producing surface defects which deleteriously affect the electrical properties and ordering of SWNTs in films and fibers [36][57]. Also, chemical functionalization can reduce the maximum nanotube buckling force by up to about 15% thereby deteriorating the mechanical properties of

Photocurrent generation in carbon nanotube/cubic-phase HfO₂ nanoparticle hybrid nanocomposites

• Protima Rauwel,
• Augustinas Galeckas,
• Martin Salumaa,
• Frédérique Ducroquet and
• Erwan Rauwel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1075–1085, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.101

• their own show a tendency to agglomerate [20]. The MWCNTs used in this study exhibited kinks, coils and buckling. In Figure 1a, an overview of the hybrid material shows successful attachment of the nanoparticles to the CNT. The cubic HfO2 nanoparticles exhibit an average diameter of 2.6 nm [20]. In the

• explanation to this selective anchoring is provided below and also in the EELS section. In Figure 1c, a HAADF-HRSTEM image exhibits small agglomerates of these nanoparticles on the MWCNT, where the diameter of the MWCNT has reduced due to buckling. The nanoparticles remain crystalline as displayed by the

• of symmetry. This implies a local change of the electronic structure [36] along with an increase in π mismatch. This in turn accentuates the reactivity of these MWCNTs and converts these defects into receptors for functional groups on the surface of the nanoparticles. Buckling and kinking of the

Assembling semiconducting molecules by covalent attachment to a lamellar crystalline polymer substrate

• Rainhard Machatschek,
• Patrick Ortmann,
• Renate Reiter,
• Stefan Mecking and
• Günter Reiter

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 784–798, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.70

• impede rearrangements. Further compression may not be possible without expelling of nanocrystals from the monolayer [18] or without buckling of the film [19]. Chemical attachment of semiconducting molecules to the surfaces of CPE45 nanocrystals We have produced rather close packed monolayers of CPE45

Facile synthesis of water-soluble carbon nano-onions under alkaline conditions

• Gaber Hashem Gaber Ahmed,
• Rosana Badía Laíño,
• Josefa Angela García Calzón and
• Marta Elena Díaz García

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 758–766, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.67

• buckling patterns of C-onions [23]. To the best of our knowledge, the results shown here, demonstrate for the first time, the possibility of obtaining C-onions from green C-sources just by modifying the carbonization conditions using sodium hydroxide as catalyst. Figure 4 represents the XRD pattern of the

Comparative kinematical analyses of Venus flytrap (Dionaea muscipula) snap traps

• Simon Poppinga,
• Tim Kampowski,
• Amélie Metzger,
• Olga Speck and
• Thomas Speck

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 664–674, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.59

• submersed states and, hence, is potentially able to gain nutrients from fast aquatic prey during seasonal inundation. We reveal three snapping modes of adult traps, all incorporating snap buckling, and show that millimeter-sized, much slower seedling traps do not yet incorporate such elastic instabilities

• . Moreover, opening kinematics of young and adult Dionaea snap traps reveal that reverse snap buckling is not performed, corroborating the assumption that growth takes place on certain trap lobe regions. Our findings are discussed in an evolutionary, biomechanical, functional–morphological and biomimetic

• could also play a supporting role [6][7]. The concave lobes (as seen from the outside) store elastic energy during the initial motion, which is suddenly released when they flip to a convex curvature [8]. This second motion step, the snap-buckling process, greatly enhances the overall movement speed of

Free vibration of functionally graded carbon-nanotube-reinforced composite plates with cutout

• Mostafa Mirzaei and
• Yaser Kiani

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 511–523, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.45

• plates subjected to sudden lateral pressure. For more investigations on vibration, buckling, postbuckling, stress analysis, and nonlinear bending of FG-CNTRC plates, one may refer to [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25]. The present research aims to investigate the free vibration characteristics of an FG

Calculations of helium separation via uniform pores of stanene-based membranes

• Guoping Gao,
• Yan Jiao,
• Yalong Jiao,
• Fengxian Ma,
• Liangzhi Kou and
• Aijun Du

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2470–2476, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.256

• He separation due to a lower buckling and larger lattice constant. The lattice constant of 2D SnF is much larger than that of 2D Sn, which is expected to significantly facilitate the gas penetration. The minimum pathways for noble gases (He, Ne and Ar) passing through the 2D SnF under different

Nanoscale rippling on polymer surfaces induced by AFM manipulation

• Mario D’Acunto,
• Franco Dinelli and
• Pasqualantonio Pingue

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2278–2289, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.234

• compressive loads. It is attributed to buckling, i.e., waves of detachment driven by a tangential stress gradient along the contact zone of the sliding interface due to the breaking of adhesive bonds between the two surfaces [28]. On the nanoscale, however, ripples do not relax to their initial smooth shape

Simulation of thermal stress and buckling instability in Si/Ge and Ge/Si core/shell nanowires

• Suvankar Das,
• Amitava Moitra,
• Mishreyee Bhattacharya and
• Amlan Dutta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1970–1977, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.201

• . These two material parameters are combined to obtain the thermal stress on the nanowires. In addition, the thermally induced stress is perceived in the context of buckling instability. The analysis provides a trade-off between the geometrical and operational parameters of the nanostructures. The

• proposed methodology can be extended to other materials and structures and helps with the prediction of the conditions under which a nanowire-based device might possibly fail due to elastic instability. Keywords: atomistic simulation; buckling; core–shell nanowire; thermal stress; Introduction In recent

• significant on account of the large piezo resistance at the nanoscale [14]. In addition, the axial compressive stress at elevated temperature can cause elastic instability and buckling of a slender one-dimensional nanostructure [15], thereby jeopardizing the structural integrity of the system. This is

Enhanced fullerene–Au(111) coupling in (2√3 × 2√3)R30° superstructures with intermolecular interactions

• Michael Paßens,
• Rainer Waser and
• Silvia Karthäuser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1421–1431, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.147

• this position is obviously less stable than the hex-vac position. Here, advantageous entropy effects [26] or an adlayer buckling in order to minimize the lattice mismatch to the underlying substrate are given as possible explanations. However, solely entropy effects should result in completely random

Boosting the local anodic oxidation of silicon through carbon nanofiber atomic force microscopy probes

• Gemma Rius,
• Matteo Lorenzoni,
• Soichiro Matsui,
• Masaki Tanemura and
• Francesc Perez-Murano

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 215–222, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.20

• control upon making CNT probes, as well as characteristic tip-to-tip differences, such as length, diameter, and operational complications, such as CNT buckling [15][16]. In this work, we explore the use of a carbon nanofiber (CNF) as the tip apex of AFM probes for the application of LAO-AFM on silicon

• occurs in spite of the relative weakness of the mechanical clamping of the CNF onto the Si apex. The bending elasticity of the CNF-Si probe upon mechanical contact above a few nanonewtons can be compromised to permanent bending (buckling), particularly for longer CNFs, or rupture [22]. Nevertheless, CNF

Model systems for studying cell adhesion and biomimetic actin networks

• Dorothea Brüggemann,
• Johannes P. Frohnmayer and
• Joachim P. Spatz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1193–1202, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.131

• were also found to account for these changes [56]. In a subsequent study, self-assembly of thin actin shells beneath the lipid membranes of GUVs was accomplished. Buckling and blister formation of the composite actin–lipid shells were observed, which are typical shape changes in natural cell membranes

Static analysis of rectangular nanoplates using trigonometric shear deformation theory based on nonlocal elasticity theory

• Mohammad Rahim Nami and
• Maziar Janghorban

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 968–973, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.109

• shear correction factors unnecessary. Thai and Vo [11] proposed a new sinusoidal shear deformation theory for bending, buckling, and vibration of functionally graded plates. The theory accounted for sinusoidal distribution of transverse shear stress. Unlike the conventional sinusoidal shear deformation

• buckling and free vibration analysis of thick functionally graded sandwich plates. Unlike any other theory, this theory needs only four governing equations. The authors assumed that the variation of the plate properties was a consequence of plate thickness following a simple power law distribution in terms

Structural development and energy dissipation in simulated silicon apices

• Samuel Paul Jarvis,
• Lev Kantorovich and
• Philip Moriarty

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 941–948, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.106

• , switching the dimer buckling angle. The tip–dimer interaction for the D2 tip, therefore, is not sufficient to pull the down atom high enough to instigate manipulation [39][42][43]. Particularly interesting observations are made when the D2 tip is positioned above the structurally rigid up atom of the Si(100

Size-dependent characteristics of electrostatically actuated fluid-conveying carbon nanotubes based on modified couple stress theory

• Mir Masoud Seyyed Fakhrabadi,
• Abbas Rastgoo and
• Mohammad Taghi Ahmadian

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 771–780, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.88

• exceeded a maximum limit, bending and buckling would occur, and the fluid stream that passes through the nanotube would be blocked. In another research, Grujicic et al. applied this concept to boron nitride nanotubes as nanovalves [28]. Chen et al. designed a one-way nanovalve based on a CNT junction and a

• viscosity, velocity, pressure and mass ratio (fluid mass/CNT mass) are scrutinized. A brief discussion on the buckling loads, vibrational behaviors and natural frequencies of the CNTs is presented. Description of the system As shown in Figure 1, it is supposed that a CNT is suspended over graphene sheets

• boundary conditions, the axial force is a compressive force because the clamped ends transform the axial force into a compression. According to the concepts of elasticity and vibration of continuous systems, the tensile force increases the natural frequency and buckling loads of the nanobeam, here the CNT

Directed deposition of silicon nanowires using neopentasilane as precursor and gold as catalyst

• Britta Kämpken,
• Verena Wulf,
• Norbert Auner,
• Marcel Winhold,
• Michael Huth,
• Daniel Rhinow and
• Andreas Terfort

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 535–545, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.62

• substrates. The buckling of the NWs even when growing far apart demonstrates that the buckling does not arise from contact/steric hindrance within the more densely packed NW layers. While the images of the two different methods look quite similar at first sight, it should be mentioned that the pretreatment

Graphite, graphene on SiC, and graphene nanoribbons: Calculated images with a numerical FM-AFM

• Fabien Castanié,
• Laurent Nony,
• Sébastien Gauthier and
• Xavier Bouju

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 301–311, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.34

• the substrate. By performing a full energy minimization of the system with DL_POLY-4 using periodic boundary conditions and with a Tersoff potential to connect the graphene and the SiC substrate, we found a buckling of the graphene sheet that is due to the incommensurability between the graphene and

Effect of the tip state during qPlus noncontact atomic force microscopy of Si(100) at 5 K: Probing the probe

• Adam Sweetman,
• Sam Jarvis,
• Rosanna Danza and
• Philip Moriarty

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 25–32, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.3

• been shown that the structure of the rows may be locally manipulated by controlled tunnel-current injection [18], and we recently demonstrated that the buckling of the dimers can be toggled with atomic precision by direct application of mechanical force during NC-AFM [19][20]. In this paper we present

• the depressions as “up” atoms was performed by identifying characteristic structures and cross-comparing between the inverted image and the subsequent high setpoint image. This is demonstrated in Figure 2 in which we use a phason buckling defect (2 dimers in a row in the same buckling configuration

• ) “Crescent” (empty green squares), (g) “Wormlike” (empty pink triangles), (h) “Discuslike” (empty black circles), (j) Ball and stick model of the Si(100) surface reconstruction showing in-phase (p(2 × 2)) and out-of-phase (c(4 × 2)) dimer buckling. Larger scans of (a) inverted and (b) high-setpoint inverted

Intermolecular vs molecule–substrate interactions: A combined STM and theoretical study of supramolecular phases on graphene/Ru(0001)

• Michael Roos,
• Benedikt Uhl,
• Daniela Künzel,
• Harry E. Hoster,
• Axel Groß and
• R. Jürgen Behm

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 365–373, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.42

• , it is known from LEED structure analysis and theory that the lattice mismatch between the graphene layer and the underlying metal substrate results in a buckling of the graphene layer and therefore in a distinct height corrugation of 1.5 Å [15][16]. The graphene/Ru(0001) surface is also known to