Emerging strategies in the sustainable removal of antibiotics using semiconductor-based photocatalysts

• Yunus Ahmed,
• Keya Rani Dutta,
• Parul Akhtar,
• Md. Arif Hossen,
• Md. Jahangir Alam,
• Obaid A. Alharbi,
• Hamad AlMohamadi and
• Abdul Wahab Mohammad

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 264–285, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.21

• -based photocatalysts often achieved superior efficiency and high mineralization rates, offering a comprehensive solution for antibiotic contamination (see below in Tables 1–6). The progressively increasing trend of publications and corresponding citations in recent times highlight the superiority of

• significant challenge. Persistence nature Certain antibiotics exhibit persistence and resist environmental degradation, resulting in prolonged contamination [49]. Additionally, they are classified as emerging contaminants because of ongoing research on their potential hazards and environmental impacts [50

• with a suitable transition metal and synthesizing composite materials. Several advanced photocatalysts have been developed and successfully used to prevent antibiotics contamination, a list of which is shown below in Table 1. These modifications have led to improved charge separation rates, reduced

Attempts to preserve and visualize protein corona on the surface of biological nanoparticles in blood serum using photomodification

• Julia E. Poletaeva,
• Anastasiya V. Tupitsyna,
• Alina E. Grigor’eva,
• Ilya S. Dovydenko and
• Elena I. Ryabchikova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1654–1666, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.130

• ). Double UC did not result in a significant decrease of sample contamination. But it did result in a noticeable decrease in the number of bio-NPs, the surface of which, however, became a little cleaner. Loss of target components after double and triple UC of blood serum or plasma has been noted previously

• degree of contamination was visually higher than in the case of FBS. We repeated the isolation of bio-NPs by UC from FBS and NBS eight times and found that neither single nor double UC provided bio-NPs with a clean surface; the particles were always associated with a greater or lesser amount of

• allows for obtaining bio-NP samples (in the 30% fraction) of sufficiently high concentration and low degree of contamination. The quality of these samples was much better than that of samples obtained by UC. It should be noted that sucrose particles were firmly bound to the surface of the bio-NPs and

Fabrication of hafnium-based nanoparticles and nanostructures using picosecond laser ablation

• Abhishek Das,
• Mangababu Akkanaboina,
• Jagannath Rathod,
• R. Sai Prasad Goud,
• Kanaka Ravi Kumar,
• Raghu C. Reddy,
• Ratheesh Ravendran,
• Katia Vutova,
• S. V. S. Nageswara Rao and
• Venugopal Rao Soma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1639–1653, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.129

• defects may be due to impurities in the lattice structure, possibly in the form of oxygen contamination, or imperfect crystallinity of the graphitic layer or the NPs themselves. Further detailed PL studies are essential to understand the origin of the observed emission peaks. Nanostructures Figure 10

Ion-induced surface reactions and deposition from Pt(CO)₂Cl₂ and Pt(CO)₂Br₂

• Mohammed K. Abdel-Rahman,
• Patrick M. Eckhert,
• Atul Chaudhary,
• Johnathon M. Johnson,
• Jo-Chi Yu,
• Lisa McElwee-White and
• D. Howard Fairbrother

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1427–1439, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.115

• deposits with greater Pt content than FEBID expressed by C/Pt ratios of 4:1 or lower [21][32][33]. FIBID is commonly conducted using Ga+ ion sources; however, ion implantation is observed with gallium contamination reported between 5% [34] and 30% [33] in the resulting deposits. Ion implantation can be

• ion beam. For Pt deposits, although MeCpPtMe3 meets the volatility and stability requirements, the inability to directly desorb the cyclopentadienyl ligands results in significant carbon contamination upon ion irradiation [21]. Alternatives to the carbon-rich MeCpPtMe3 complex are the four coordinate

• , Pt(CO)2Br2 [55] and Pt(CO)2Cl2 [55][57] have been explored as FEBID precursors. The compositions of deposits from these precursors varied with the deposition conditions. Under UHV conditions, the deposits were carbon-free but contained significant halogen contamination, which could be removed only

Green synthesis of carbon dot structures from Rheum Ribes and Schottky diode fabrication

• Muhammed Taha Durmus and
• Ebru Bozkurt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1369–1375, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.110

• supernatant was removed by decantation and a stock solution was prepared to be used in the studies. The prepared stock solution was stored at 4 °C to prevent contamination [15]. Schottky diode fabrication An n-type silicon substrate was used for Schottky diode fabrication. In the first step, the silicon

Hymenoptera and biomimetic surfaces: insights and innovations

• Vinicius Marques Lopez,
• Carlo Polidori and
• Rhainer Guillermo Ferreira

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1333–1352, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.107

• fabrication of delicate devices by reducing contamination-induced defects. Digging: Many species of bees, wasps, and ants nest in the ground, showing a remarkable digging ability [143] (Figure 1E). Digging can be very efficient even in very hard soils [144], with some species excavating tunnels up to 1 m or

Nanoarchitectonics with cetrimonium bromide on metal nanoparticles for linker-free detection of toxic metal ions and catalytic degradation of 4-nitrophenol

• Akash Kumar and
• Raja Gopal Rayavarapu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1312–1332, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.106

• -nitrophenol are both dangerous to humans [10][11]. Contamination with toxic heavy metal ions, including zinc, arsenic, aluminium, chromium, iron, cobalt, copper, nickel, mercury, cadmium, and lead, causes significant chronic damage to organ systems, beginning at the cellular level [12]. Toxic heavy metal ions

Functional morphology of cleaning devices in the damselfly Ischnura elegans (Odonata, Coenagrionidae)

• Silvana Piersanti,
• Gianandrea Salerno,
• Wencke Krings,
• Stanislav Gorb and
• Manuela Rebora

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1260–1272, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.102

• tip filled with the powder. Video recording began immediately after contamination and continued for 5 min after beginning of the grooming. To describe the grooming behavior, the following parameters and acts (and their duration and frequency) were recorded with the software Solomon coder [41]: right

• . At the beginning of the experiment, just after contamination, and at the end, after 1 h of grooming for the eyes and 10 min of grooming for the antennae, the head of the test insect was observed and photographed. Images of the head and of the forelegs before and after grooming were taken in intact

• ). In each bout, damselflies performed a quick sequence of grooming acts, then stopped for a while before repeating a similar (but not the same) sequence of acts in a new bout (Figure 3). Damselflies cleaned their eyes even in the experiments with only antennal contamination and cleaned their antennae

Unveiling the potential of alginate-based nanomaterials in sensing technology and smart delivery applications

• Shakhzodjon Uzokboev,
• Khojimukhammad Akhmadbekov,
• Ra’no Nuritdinova,
• Salah M. Tawfik and
• Yong-Ill Lee

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1077–1104, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.88

• body, as they are antimicrobial, biodegradable, and non-toxic [22]. Biopolymeric nanoparticles are a very effective material for producing biosensors. In today’s world, people need sensors to monitor various types of pollution. Food contamination with infectious microorganisms or air and water

• contamination with heavy metals are good examples of the need for sensors [23]. In addition, incurable diseases such as cancer can be detected by biosensors, and the application of biosensors is also very important for medicine and pharmaceuticals [18][24][25]. Natural biopolymers are abundant and exhibit

Effect of wavelength and liquid on formation of Ag, Au, Ag/Au nanoparticles via picosecond laser ablation and SERS-based detection of DMMP

• Sree Satya Bharati Moram,
• Chandu Byram and
• Venugopal Rao Soma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1054–1069, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.86

• synthesis in solution (LASiS), and sputtering [1]. The LASiS technique has been proven to be cost-effective in producing various shapes of NPs with distinct size distributions in a short time (a few minutes). It offers many advantages including high purity, minimal contamination, and precise control over NP

Beyond biomimicry – next generation applications of bioinspired adhesives from microfluidics to composites

• Dan Sameoto

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 965–976, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.79

• was initially applied as an adhesion mechanism for microfluidics, a distinct project I was working on in 2012, that required a reversible adhesion system offering high strength, low contamination, no damage to mating surfaces, and no need for separate glues, plasma treatments, or magnets. A simple

The effect of age on the attachment ability of stick insects (Phasmatodea)

• Marie Grote,
• Stanislav N. Gorb and
• Thies H. Büscher

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 867–883, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.72

• could also be due to contamination. SEM revealed most of such cases as not being caused by contaminations. They rather arose from a strong alteration of the cuticle (Figure 8E), also including changes of the surface topography of the terminal layer of the attachment pad cuticle. Profound hardening of

Intermixing of MoS₂ and WS₂ photocatalysts toward methylene blue photodegradation

• Maryam Al Qaydi,
• Nitul S. Rajput,
• Michael Lejeune,
• Abdellatif Bouchalkha,
• Mimoun El Marssi,
• Steevy Cordette,
• Chaouki Kasmi and
• Mustapha Jouiad

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 817–829, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.68

• ; photodegradation; transition-metal dichalcogenides; Introduction Water contamination has become a pressing global concern, threatening ecosystems, agriculture, and human well-being [1][2]. The massive industrialization has dramatically contributed to water pollution, which has prompted policymakers to put in

Electron-induced ligand loss from iron tetracarbonyl methyl acrylate

• Hlib Lyshchuk,
• Atul Chaudhary,
• Thomas F. M. Luxford,
• Miloš Ranković,
• Jaroslav Kočišek,
• Juraj Fedor,
• Lisa McElwee-White and
• Pamir Nag

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 797–807, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.66

• leads to metal–ligand bond cleavage, which is often incomplete and leads to the accumulation of organic contamination in the final deposit. So far, the above interest has focused mainly on the well-established precursors. In this paper, we probe a novel precursor, namely, iron tetracarbonyl methyl

Effect of repeating hydrothermal growth processes and rapid thermal annealing on CuO thin film properties

• Monika Ozga,
• Eunika Zielony,
• Aleksandra Wierzbicka,
• Anna Wolska,
• Marcin Klepka,
• Marek Godlewski,
• Bogdan J. Kowalski and
• Bartłomiej S. Witkowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 743–754, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.62

• reduction of defects, contamination of the film, as well as reconstruction of the film surface. Important information is provided by the histograms of the work function values as their shape indicates the non-uniformity of the contact voltage in the analyzed area. On the presented maps, a slight difference

Functional fibrillar interfaces: Biological hair as inspiration across scales

• Guillermo J. Amador,
• Brett Klaassen van Oorschot,
• Caiying Liao,
• Jianing Wu and
• Da Wei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 664–677, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.55

• providing low adhesion. Such structures are typically found on body parts where contamination is common, such as adhesive pads [40], or where cleanliness is crucial for survival, such as insect wings [41]. Hairs provide more ways to prevent or clean contamination. For a dedicated review on the topic, please

Exfoliation of titanium nitride using a non-thermal plasma process

• Priscila Jussiane Zambiazi,
• Dolores Ribeiro Ricci Lazar,
• Larissa Otubo,
• Rodrigo Fernando Brambilla de Souza,
• Almir Oliveira Neto and
• Cecilia Chaves Guedes-Silva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 631–637, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.53

• is an indication of no carbon contamination, which would be observed around 1300–1400 cm−1 and 1550–1600 cm−1 [26]. The relaxation in the vibrational modes, as evidenced by the Raman spectra, serves as a compelling indicator of the successful exfoliation. It is in good agreement with XRD and TEM

Comparative analysis of the ultrastructure and adhesive secretion pathways of different smooth attachment pads of the stick insect Medauroidea extradentata (Phasmatodea)

• Julian Thomas,
• Stanislav N. Gorb and
• Thies H. Büscher

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 612–630, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.52

• roughness and thereby increase the contact area [14][16][17][18][19]. It can aid in the enhancement of viscous and capillary forces further increasing the attachment strength [9][14][20][21][22][23][24]. The adhesive secretion can be essential for the self-cleaning mechanism by binding smaller contamination

• contamination of the attachment pads. Light microscopy Two tarsi of adult female M. extradentata were dissected into five tarsomeres. The proximal four tarsomeres bear one euplantula each, whereas the fifth tarsomere additionally carries the pretarsus including the arolium (see Figure 1B, Figure 1C). The five

Sidewall angle tuning in focused electron beam-induced processing

• Sangeetha Hari,
• Willem F. van Dorp,
• Johannes J. L. Mulders,
• Piet H. F. Trompenaars,
• Pieter Kruit and
• Cornelis W. Hagen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 447–456, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.40

• diffusion rate of adsorbed contamination is known to be enhanced by the presence of water layers [21]. But since the relevant quantities are hard to measure, the diffusion rate has not been included in the model, nor have some other factors such as scattering, porosity, and secondary etch product reactions

• FEBID and FEBIE) the pressure was in the range of 2.5 × 10−5 and 4.5 × 10−5 mbar. Following a few hours of deposition, the chamber would take increasingly longer to pump down, and electron beam-induced sample contamination was observed to increase. This was likely due to dodecane sticking to the walls

• of the chamber and other open surfaces. Additionally, on letting in water after deposition, the contamination level was found to be higher. This is consistent with reports of increased diffusion of hydrocarbons in the presence of adsorbed water layers. Therefore, to maintain clean working conditions

Insect attachment on waxy plant surfaces: the effect of pad contamination by different waxes

• Elena V. Gorb and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 385–395, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.35

• Elena V. Gorb Stanislav N. Gorb Department of Functional Morphology and Biomechanics, Zoological Institute, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 9, 24118 Kiel, Germany 10.3762/bjnano.15.35 Abstract This study focuses on experimental testing of the contamination hypothesis and examines how the

• contamination of insect adhesive pads with three-dimensional epicuticular waxes of different plant species contributes to the reduction of insect attachment. We measured traction forces of tethered Chrysolina fastuosa male beetles having hairy adhesive pads on nine wax-bearing plant surfaces differing in both

• cases of the plant surfaces covered with wax projections having higher aspect ratios. The data obtained clearly indicated the impact of waxy plant surfaces on the insect ability to subsequently attach to the clean smooth surface. This effect is caused by the contamination of adhesive pads and

Controllable physicochemical properties of WO_x thin films grown under glancing angle

• Rupam Mandal,
• Aparajita Mandal,
• Alapan Dutta,
• Rengasamy Sivakumar,
• Sanjeev Kumar Srivastava and
• Tapobrata Som

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 350–359, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.31

• duration of 1200 s to achieve stability in depositions and contamination-free films. A constant substrate rotation (10 rpm) was maintained to achieve uniform WOx films. Post-growth annealing of all WOx films (grown under the same conditions) was performed at 673 K for 60 min in a vacuum environment (3 × 10

• uniformity. WSxM software was used to carry out AFM image analysis. Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) was used to study the local work function of the WOx films. WOx samples were removed from the high-vacuum environment right before the KPFM measurements to avoid any contamination in air. For KPFM

Nanomedicines against Chagas disease: a critical review

• Maria Jose Morilla,
• Kajal Ghosal and
• Eder Lilia Romero

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 333–349, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.30

• , nanomedicines are highly susceptible to aggregation, hygroscopicity, contamination, phase transition, amorphous-to-crystalline transitions, and degradation. It is critical to maintain batch-to-batch reproducibility (in terms of mean size, polydispersity, ζ-potential, and drug loading) not only during large

Multiscale modelling of biomolecular corona formation on metallic surfaces

• Parinaz Mosaddeghi Amini,
• Ian Rouse,
• Julia Subbotina and
• Vladimir Lobaskin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 215–229, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.21

• and scientific equipment [7]. Figure 1 presents a schematic contamination cycle of dairy products, showcasing potential sources and pathways of aluminum pollution. It illustrates the journey of milk from a cow grazing on grass contaminated with heavy metals, highlighting the crucial role of metallic

• containers, metal-based equipment, and kitchen utensils in maintaining product integrity. The figure further demonstrates the potential to introduce heavy metal contamination, including iron and aluminum, during processing and emphasizes the formation of a milk layer in form of a protein/lactose corona at

• cycle of dairy products, showcasing potential sources and pathways of contamination. It features the stages of grazing, collection, processing, and packaging. The relevant processes include surface fouling and milk contamination during food transformation as well as the formation of a protein corona on

New application of bimetallic Ag/Pt nanoplates in a colorimetric biosensor for specific detection of E. coli in water

• Azam Bagheri Pebdeni,
• Mohammad N. AL-Baiati and
• Morteza Hosseini

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 95–103, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.9

• illness cases worldwide each year [1][2]. Water quality testing is based on the presence of E. coli, which is still regarded as the best indication of fecal contamination [3][4]. There are several methods for detecting bacteria (e.g., ELISA and PCR) with colony counting serving as the gold standard

• system offers a rapid, sensitive, and portable biosensor for preventing E. coli contamination and resolving public health concerns in the future. Experimental Materials Silver nitrate (AgNO3), potassium tetrachloroplatinate(II), ascorbic acid, TMB, H2O2 (for determining peroxidase-like activity), and

Study of the reusability and stability of nylon nanofibres as an antibody immobilisation surface

• Inés Peraile,
• Matilde Gil-García,
• Laura González-López,
• Nushin A. Dabbagh-Escalante,
• Juan C. Cabria-Ramos and
• Paloma Lorenzo-Lozano

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 83–94, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.8

• need to reduce the risk of pandemic contamination. Early, reliable, and accurate diagnosis is therefore essential for health and food safety [4][5]. In this context, immunodetection seems to be a very good option [6]. There are many applications of immunoassay devices in health, food industry, and

• contamination and for the clinical diagnosis of infectious agents and biomarkers. FITC fluorescence of anti-BSA antibody. For each group, the FITC fluorescence data of the immobilised anti-BSA antibody, measured in RFU, are given as percentages relative to the reference group 1, n = 5–6. Stripping treatment