Molecular and mechanical insights into gecko seta adhesion: multiscale simulations combining molecular dynamics and the finite element method

• Yash Jain,
• Saeed Norouzi,
• Tobias Materzok,
• Stanislav N. Gorb and
• Florian Müller-Plathe

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2055–2076, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.141

• iterations per load step (niter). This observation holds for our current simulations as well. Different choices of niter between one and ten are explored in Supporting Information File 1. Our choice of niter = 10 is large enough for agreement between pre-detachment forces in different domains, while

Stereodiscrimination of guests in chiral organosilica aerogels studied by ESR spectroscopy

• Sebastian Polarz,
• Yasar Krysiak,
• Martin Wessig and
• Florian Kuhlmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2034–2054, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.140

• transport, and macro-to-mesoporous materials are more frequently used for chromatography [57], we concentrate on aerogels in our current study. An aerogel prepared from 1,3-bis(triisopropoxysilyl)thiophenol is presented here for the first time. The relevant characterization data are shown in Supporting

Beyond the shell: exploring polymer–lipid interfaces in core–shell nanofibers to carry hyaluronic acid and β-caryophyllene

• Aline Tavares da Silva Barreto,
• Francisco Alexandrino-Júnior,
• Bráulio Soares Arcanjo,
• Paulo Henrique de Souza Picciani and
• Kattya Gyselle de Holanda e Silva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2015–2033, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.139

• biomaterials, recent decades have seen intensive research into novel therapeutic strategies for regenerative medicine [1][2][3][4]. Within this scenario, a pivotal current strategy in formulation development focuses on integrating nanocarriers with nanoscale three-dimensional biomaterials, enabling major

• ° (2θ), and Cu Kα radiation (λ = 1.5418 Å) with a voltage of 40 kV and a current of 30 mA. The degree of crystallinity (Xc%) of each sample was calculated from the diffractogram using Equation 2 (Madsen et al., 2011) [72]. The areas of the peaks in the diffractograms were determined using OriginPro 8.5

Laser ablation in liquids for shape-tailored synthesis of nanomaterials: status and challenges

• Natalie Tarasenka

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1963–1997, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.137

• demonstrated as a clean, simple, and versatile NP synthesis method. However, the conditions of NP formation and growth are favouring the production of spherical NPs. There are fewer studies of shape control during laser ablation. With that in mind, this perspective article represents a view on the current

• of their impact on the conditions for anisotropic NP formation and growth. The description of the methods developed for the control over nanomaterial morphology is summarized by the vision of the current challenges and development routes of laser ablation in liquids. Keywords: laser ablation in

• . Combining both top-down and bottom-up strategies, laser-assisted methods are demonstrating the prospects to become a versatile nanoscale manufacturing strategy based on clean, sustainable, and large-scale approach applicable to a broad range of nanomaterials [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. The current

Mechanical property measurements enabled by short-term Fourier-transform of atomic force microscopy thermal deflection analysis

• Thomas Mathias,
• Roland Bennewitz and
• Philip Egberts

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1952–1962, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.136

• stiffness demonstrate that existing models cannot capture the physics of this problem. While concrete solutions to use analytical models to interpret CR-AFM data have not been found, a possible solution may include revisiting the analytical model to capture a potentially more complex system than the current

• had not been previously captured in the literature. Our study also shows that the current model used to describe CR-AFM experiments may not be complex enough to capture the physical experiment. However, choosing the cantilever stiffness knowing in advance what the expected material stiffness is may

Evaluating metal-organic precursors for focused ion beam-induced deposition through solid-layer decomposition analysis

• Benedykt R. Jany,
• Katarzyna Madajska,
• Aleksandra Butrymowicz-Kubiak,
• Franciszek Krok and
• Iwona B. Szymańska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1942–1951, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.135

• current and duration of the experiments were adjusted (within a range of 1 to 10 nA for the ion current, and 10 s to 10 min the irradiation) in order to achieve the optimal ion fluence necessary for the decomposition of the entire precursor layer. Time-dependent changes in the morphology of the irradiated

Quantum circuits with SINIS structures

• Mikhail Tarasov,
• Mikhail Fominskii,
• Aleksandra Gunbina,
• Artem Krasilnikov,
• Maria Mansfeld,
• Dmitrii Kukushkin,
• Andrei Maruhno,
• Valeria Ievleva,
• Mikhail Strelkov,
• Daniil Zhogov,
• Konstantin Arutyunov,
• Vyacheslav Vdovin,
• Vladislav Stolyarov and
• Valerian Edelman

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1931–1941, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.134

• current occurs when eV > Δ. In the case when T ≠ 0 the I–V curve will be smeared [22]. The current–voltage characteristic of a tunnel NIS junction is determined by the following formula [23]: where Rn is the asymptotic resistance of the tunnel junction, NS(E) is the density of states in the superconductor

• , nS is the distribution function in the superconductor, and nN is the distribution function in the normal metal. At temperatures T ≪ Tc (Tc is the critical temperature of the superconductor), the relationship between the tunnel current and voltage can be written using a simplified formula: where Δ is

• the energy gap of the superconductor and kB is the Boltzmann constant. The differential resistance is expressed by the following formula: It should also be noted that, in addition to the tunnel current in NIS structures, the presence of a subgap (Andreev) current caused by the Andreev reflection

Targeting the vector of arboviruses Aedes aegypti with nanoemulsions based on essential oils: a review with focus on larvicidal and repellent properties

• Laryssa Ferreira do Nascimento Silva,
• Douglas Dourado,
• Thayse Silva Medeiros,
• Mariana Alice Gonzaga Gabú,
• Maria Cecilia Queiroga dos Santos,
• Daiane Rodrigues dos Santos,
• Mylena Lemos dos Santos,
• Gabriel Bezerra Faierstein,
• Rosângela Maria Rodrigues Barbosa and
• Fabio Rocha Formiga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1894–1913, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.132

Programmable soliton dynamics in all-Josephson-junction logic cells and networks

• Vsevolod I. Ruzhickiy,
• Anastasia A. Maksimovskaya,
• Sergey V. Bakurskiy,
• Andrey E. Schegolev,
• Maxim V. Tereshonok,
• Mikhail Yu. Kupriyanov,
• Nikolay V. Klenov and
• Igor I. Soloviev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1883–1893, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.131

• , high-speed, and scalable computing. In these systems, the propagation of information is associated with the movement of a current wave/topological soliton, which is clearly visible in the model by a 2π jump of the so-called Josephson phase, φ. In contrast to conventional rapid single flux quantum (RSFQ

• ) logic, the phase drop for the considered single kinetic soliton (SKS) occurs not on the relatively large connecting geometric inductors, but on the Josephson junctions. SKS is a propagating wave of phase change with kinetic energy limited from below; the corresponding current pulse “dissipates” if its

• ) [27][28][29][30], an active area of current research. Another important application of this idea lies in the promising neuromorphic direction [31][32][33]. Earlier in [34], we have already proposed using kinetic inductances to control neuron dynamics in networks based on radial basis functions (RBF

Low-temperature AFM with a microwave cavity optomechanical transducer

• Ermes Scarano,
• Elisabet K. Arvidsson,
• August K. Roos,
• Erik Holmgren,
• Riccardo Borgani,
• Mats O. Tholén and
• David B. Haviland

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1873–1882, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.130

• sensitivity down to a temperature of 0.43 K. This is a significant improvement over piezoelectric transduction methods with much lower frequency commonly used for low-temperature AFM, which can work at the thermal limit down to some 10 K. We estimate that, with reasonable improvements on the current KIMEC

Current status of using adsorbent nanomaterials for removing microplastics from water supply systems: a mini review

• Nguyen Thi Nhan and
• Tran Le Luu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1837–1850, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.127

• sustainable strategies to deal with this matter. Many studies have shown that adsorbent nanomaterials have potential for the removal of MPs from water. This review evaluates the current status of using adsorbent nanomaterials in removing MPs from water supply systems. It discusses the occurrences and removal

• [25][26]. To deal with current gaps, this review aims to provide aspects relating to (i) the occurrences of MPs in water supply systems and the effectiveness of MP removal throughout the treatment processes; (ii) the potential of adsorbent nanomaterials for MP removal, focusing on adsorption

• evaluate the current status of adsorbent nanomaterials’ applicability and risks for removing MPs from water supply systems, this review differs from others. Addressing these gaps is essential for developing sustainable solutions that can effectively mitigate MP pollution in water supply systems while

Phytol-loaded soybean oil nanoemulsion as a promising alternative against Leishmania amazonensis

• Victória Louise Pinto Freire,
• Mariana Farias Alves-Silva,
• Johny W. de Freitas Oliveira,
• Matheus de Freitas Fernandes-Pedrosa,
• Alianda Maira Cornélio,
• Marcelo de Souza-Silva,
• Thayse Silva Medeiros and
• Arnóbio Antônio da Silva Junior

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1826–1836, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.126

• . Current therapies are limited due to severe adverse reactions to currently available drugs, high cost, low patient adherence, and even the emergence of resistant strains. Examining safer and more effective alternatives, natural compounds such as phytol – a diterpene derived from chlorophyll – have

• the cutaneous to the mucocutaneous form [6], particularly involving the nasal septum and ears) resulting in scarring, anatomical disfigurement, and consequent social stigmatization [7][8][9]. Current therapeutic strategies for leishmaniasis rely on pentavalent antimonial compounds (first-line therapy

Further insights into the thermodynamics of linear carbon chains for temperatures ranging from 13 to 300 K

• Alexandre Rocha Paschoal,
• Thiago Alves de Moura,
• Juan S. Rodríguez-Hernández,
• Carlos William de Araujo Paschoal,
• Yoong Ahm Kim,
• Morinobu Endo and
• Paulo T. Araujo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1818–1825, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.125

• thermodynamic parameters as well as the responses of the system when measured isolated (or in very small bundles) and when measured in bundles. In addition, the current work extends the study to even lower temperatures (i.e., 13 K) when compared with previous data, whose minimum temperature stood around 70 K

Piezoelectricity of layered double hydroxides: perspectives regarding piezocatalysis and nanogenerators

• Evgeniy S. Seliverstov,
• Evgeniya A. Tarasenko and
• Olga E. Lebedeva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1812–1817, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.124

• . The aim of our work was to systematize the scattered current research on the piezoelectric properties of LDHs, for the first time providing an overall picture for current and future researchers in this and in related fields. Articles were searched using keywords that included variations of terms of

• that LDHs, as anionic clays, play a crucial role in enabling direct current output from piezoelectric nanogenerators [8]. In particular, the abundant anions (NO3−) incorporated within the Zn/Al-LDH layer of the two-dimensional ZnO nanostructure are key contributors to achieving piezoelectric direct

• current output. The piezoelectric potential generated in the ZnO nanosheets functions as an applied voltage, facilitating charge storage within the LDH layers, which act as capacitors. This mechanism leads to enhanced voltage and current pulses under mechanical stimulation. LDHs can also enhance the

Electrical, photocatalytic, and sensory properties of graphene oxide and polyimide implanted with low- and medium-energy silver ions

• Josef Novák,
• Eva Štěpanovská,
• Petr Malinský,
• Vlastimil Mazánek,
• Jan Luxa,
• Ulrich Kentsch and
• Zdeněk Sofer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1794–1811, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.123

• [10]. The delocalized electrons in these regions can freely pass between neighboring centers, thereby reducing the energy activation for conducting electric current. At the same time, the aggregation of the implanted Ag ions and the formation of metal islands or clusters in the form of nanostructures

• ion accelerator (Tandetron 4130 MC) at Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, Rez, Czechia. The ion implantation was performed at room temperature. GO and PI were implanted with Ag+ ions at fluences of 3.75 × 1012 cm−2, 3.75 × 1014 cm−2, and 1.0 × 1016 cm−2. The ion current during the implantation was

Exploring the potential of polymers: advancements in oral nanocarrier technology

• Rousilândia de Araujo Silva,
• Igor Eduardo Silva Arruda,
• Luise Lopes Chaves,
• Mônica Felts de La Roca Soares and
• Jose Lamartine Soares Sobrinho

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1751–1793, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.122

• , Brazil 10.3762/bjnano.16.122 Abstract Polymers play a pivotal role in various drug delivery systems due to their versatility, with polymeric nanoparticles showing significant potential to overcome physiological barriers associated with oral administration. This review examines the current advancements

• , along with the mechanisms of active substance internalization and release within the body. Special attention is given to how PNs have been applied to enhance the oral delivery of peptides, nucleic acids, poorly soluble drugs, and small molecules. Additionally, current strategies for administration and

Advances of aptamers in esophageal cancer diagnosis, treatment and drug delivery

• Yang Fei,
• Hui Xu,
• Chunwei Zhang,
• Jingjing Wang and
• Yong Jin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1734–1750, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.121

• methods are the trend in large-scale screening, multiple challenges such as marker selection, cost, and individual differences [58] have hindered their clinical translation. The emergence of spatial transcriptomics technology [59] offers a promising solution to overcome this current methodological

• lameness, otitis media, and serositis [82]. Current therapeutic interventions predominantly rely on antimicrobial agents and prophylactic vaccination strategies [83]. Mycoplasma hyorhinis infection has also been reported to have the potential to indirectly cause hepatocellular carcinoma [84], gastric

Beyond the bilayer: multilayered hygroscopic actuation in pine cone scales

• Kim Ulrich,
• Max David Mylo,
• Tom Masselter,
• Fabian Scheckenbach,
• Sophia Fischerbauer,
• Martin Nopens,
• Silja Flenner,
• Imke Greving,
• Linnea Hesse and
• Thomas Speck

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1695–1710, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.119

• drives the bending motion. However, current research on pine cones is increasingly revealing more complex, multilayered systems than simple bilayer analogies suggest. For instance, isolated pine cone scale tissues can bend independently, highlighting the complexity and resilience of the system despite

Ambient pressure XPS at MAX IV

• Mattia Scardamaglia,
• Ulrike Küst,
• Alexander Klyushin,
• Rosemary Jones,
• Jan Knudsen,
• Robert Temperton,
• Andrey Shavorskiy and
• Esko Kokkonen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1677–1694, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.118

• –liquid interfaces and is particularly relevant for battery research. Corrosion Nanometer-thin and spontaneously formed oxide layers, also known as passive films, play a crucial role in the corrosion resistance of many advanced alloys. The current knowledge of the passive films’ structure and composition

• breakdown behavior observed in Cr-containing alloys, where Cr6+ dissolution occurs at high anodic potentials, compromising the integrity of the passive layer. However, in this case, Cr6+ dissolution was not observed. Furthermore, at high current densities, the OER contributes to the localized acidification

Prospects of nanotechnology and natural products for cancer and immunotherapy

• Jan Filipe Andrade Santos,
• Marcela Bernardes Brasileiro,
• Pamela Danielle Cavalcante Barreto,
• Ligiane Aranha Rocha and
• José Adão Carvalho Nascimento Júnior

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1644–1667, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.116

• technological progress and, at the same time, revealing current limitations, future directions, and perspectives for the development of effective and scalable therapeutic strategies. Methods In this patent review, the free online databases of the European Patent Office (EPO) and the World Intellectual Property

• dating back to the early 2000s that describe the application of nanoparticles in cancer treatment [34]. In contrast, other technologies such as nanovaccines and nanocapsules are relatively recent developments, which may account for their lower representation in the current patent landscape [35

• used as therapeutic agents to treat diseases and maintain health and wellness [42]. In recent years, treatments involving natural products have seen significant growth in academia. Historically, natural products have made up 23.5% of approved medicines over the past 40 years. However, current

Nanotechnology-based approaches for the removal of microplastics from wastewater: a comprehensive review

• Nayanathara O Sanjeev,
• Manjunath Singanodi Vallabha and
• Rebekah Rubidha Lisha Rabi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1607–1632, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.114

• evaluation. Current sampling and pre-processing methods face limitations such as complexity, inconsistent outputs, and time inefficiency, which intelligent sampling tools and cloud-based platforms aim to overcome through real-time optimization. Automated systems will enhance reagent selection and streamline

Few-photon microwave fields for superconducting transmon-based qudit control

• Irina A. Solovykh,
• Andrey V. Pashchenko,
• Natalya A. Maleeva,
• Nikolay V. Klenov,
• Olga V. Tikhonova and
• Igor I. Soloviev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1580–1591, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.112

• ) and the phase on the JJ/(interferometer) are quantized as follows: where charge energy EC = e2/2CB and Josephson energy EJ = (Φ0Ic)/2π are used (Ic is the critical current flowing through the Josephson junction). The Hamiltonian for the transmon part of our system can be written in the following form

• JJ system will interact directly with the current (magnetic field) in the cavity, and the coupling strength will change from to , where α is a fine structure constant. This case corresponds to the so-called “ultrastrong coupling regime” [50][51], which is beyond the scope of this article. Later, it

• regulated by the interferometric arm asymmetry, and the values of EJ determine the magnitude of the critical current and the area of each JJ: Ic1 ≈ 39.44 nA, S1 = 200 × 197 nm2, Ic2 ≈ 22.21 nA, and S2 = 149 × 149 nm2, with the usual critical current density of j = 1 μA·μm−2. The frequency of the resonator

Photocatalytic degradation of ofloxacin in water assisted by TiO₂ nanowires on carbon cloth: contributions of H₂O₂ addition and substrate absorbability

• Iram Hussain,
• Lisha Zhang,
• Zhizhen Ye and
• Jin-Ming Wu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1567–1579, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.111

• controlled film thickness of 1.5–4.5 μm, on concurrently activated carbon cloth substrates. The composite film exhibited a high efficiency towards removal of rhodamine B and sulfosalicylic acid in water under UV light illumination, mainly thanks to the highly adsorptive substrate [16]. In the current

• dosing, particularly for high pollutant loads (e.g., 100–200 ppm OFL), where excess H2O2 initially suppresses degradation until sufficient radicals are generated. In the current investigation, we note that H2O2 beyond a critical concentration may be necessary to generate sufficient OH• radicals for

• is insignificant in the current investigation. OFL may be compromised by those reactive species (Equations 12–14). The potential photocatalytic degradation mechanisms of OFL are thus delineated as follows and demonstrated schematically in Figure 8b. The effects of the substrate with high adsorption

Modeling magnetic properties of cobalt nanofilms used as a component of spin hybrid superconductor–ferromagnetic structures

• Aleksey Fedotov,
• Olesya Severyukhina,
• Anastasia Salomatina and
• Anatolie Sidorenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1557–1566, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.110

• : where Nstep is the previously performed number of time steps; Ek(Δt) and Mk(Δt) are magnetic energy and magnetization modulus at the current time step; ⟨E⟩(Δt) and ⟨M⟩(Δt) are average values of the considered parameters over the entire time period. The deviations of the magnetic parameters from Equation

Transient electronics for sustainability: Emerging technologies and future directions

• Jae-Young Bae,
• Myung-Kyun Choi and
• Seung-Kyun Kang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1545–1556, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.109

• plugs, ~100 nm). The fabricated single unit of n-channel MOSFETs exhibits on/off current ratios exceeding 107 and field-effect mobilities up to 680 cm2·V−1·s−1 [80]. This approach is considered key for realizing the high-density integration and mass production of bioresorbable systems. Looking beyond

• bioresorbable electronics. If these technological challenges can be addressed, bioresorbable electronics are expected to evolve beyond the current paradigm of single-use, time-dependent devices into intelligent, autonomous systems capable of real-time self-assessment and self-regulated degradation. By