Precise in situ etch depth control of multilayered III−V semiconductor samples with reflectance anisotropy spectroscopy (RAS) equipment

• Ann-Kathrin Kleinschmidt,
• Lars Barzen,
• Johannes Strassner,
• Christoph Doering,
• Henning Fouckhardt,
• Wolfgang Bock,
• Michael Wahl and
• Michael Kopnarski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1783–1793, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.171

• few) saves data collection time. In the RAS signal, according to Equation 1, Fabry–Perot oscillations could be suppressed, if both reflectivities in the numerator changed very similarly. On the contrary, as can be seen, e.g., in Figure 2, the average reflected intensity, corresponding to the DC output

Thermo-voltage measurements of atomic contacts at low temperature

• Ayelet Ofarim,
• Bastian Kopp,
• Thomas Möller,
• León Martin,
• Johannes Boneberg,
• Paul Leiderer and
• Elke Scheer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 767–775, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.68

• is monitored by a CCD camera. The sample is controllably broken and closed at low temperature in cryogenic vacuum by bending and flattening the substrate without laser irradiation, while recording the current at an applied bias of 5 mV. Motor control and data collection is performed using a custom

Single-molecule magnet behavior in 2,2’-bipyrimidine-bridged dilanthanide complexes

• Wen Yu,
• Frank Schramm,
• Eufemio Moreno Pineda,
• Yanhua Lan,
• Olaf Fuhr,
• Jinjie Chen,
• Hironari Isshiki,
• Wolfgang Wernsdorfer,
• Wulf Wulfhekel and
• Mario Ruben

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 126–137, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.15

• different sweep rates between 0.280 and 0.002 T s−1 [32]. The applied field was parallel to the experimentally observed easy axis of magnetization. X-ray data collection and structure solution. Data collection for all complexes was carried out on a STOE StadiVari 25 diffractometer with a Pilatus300 K

Nanoinformatics for environmental health and biomedicine

• Rong Liu and
• Yoram Cohen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2449–2451, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.253

• , literature mining for nano-data collection and meta-analysis, data mining/machine learning of nano-data (e.g., development of quantitative structure–activity relationships (QSARs)), simulation of the fate and transport of nanomaterials, nano-bio interactions, and assessment of potential environmental and

• , a data collection framework was developed [10] through ISA-TAB-Nano (a set of standardized specifications for nano-data representation). Advances in automating nano-data discovery and extraction is the subject of two other contributions that report on using advanced literature/text mining techniques

Two step formation of metal aggregates by surface X-ray radiolysis under Langmuir monolayers: 2D followed by 3D growth

• Smita Mukherjee,
• Marie-Claude Fauré,
• Michel Goldmann and
• Philippe Fontaine

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2406–2411, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.247

• intensity was collected on a very low noise, position sensitive, 1D gas detector, with 2048 channels on 150 mm. A custom-built Langmuir trough was enclosed in a temperature-controlled, sealed chamber and flushed with helium during data collection to reduce gas scattering and to avoid beam damage to the

Plasma fluorination of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes: functionalization and thermal stability

• Claudia Struzzi,
• Mattia Scardamaglia,
• Axel Hemberg,
• Luca Petaccia,
• Jean-François Colomer,
• Rony Snyders and
• Carla Bittencourt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2263–2271, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.232

• parameters were used: mean power, P = 100 W; gas flux, Φ = 10 sccm; working pressure, pw = 30 mTorr; functionalization time, t = 900 s. The chemical modifications due to fluorine grafting were evaluated by XPS and UPS. The experimental geometry of the data collection allowed for the analysis of the tip of

An ISA-TAB-Nano based data collection framework to support data-driven modelling of nanotoxicology

• Richard L. Marchese Robinson,
• Mark T. D. Cronin,
• Andrea-Nicole Richarz and
• Robert Rallo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1978–1999, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.202

• associated with the use of ISA-TAB-Nano and presents a set of resources designed to facilitate the manual creation of ISA-TAB-Nano datasets from the nanotoxicology literature. These resources were developed within the context of the NanoPUZZLES EU project and include data collection templates, corresponding

• data collection may not be practical. Data collected using standardised, structured files may be readily, programatically submitted to (web-based) searchable databases at a later stage in the research cycle. Standardised, structured files also facilitate programmatic analysis (i.e., entirely new codes

• some challenges associated with the use of this generic specification (especially when used to collect data from the literature), which the current work sought to address. Section 3 summarises the data collection templates and the basis on which they were developed. Section 4 summarises the new

Framework for automatic information extraction from research papers on nanocrystal devices

• Thaer M. Dieb,
• Masaharu Yoshioka,
• Shinjiro Hara and
• Marcus C. Newton

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1872–1882, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.190

• results [1][2][3][4][5], and the set-up of portals for sharing useful information [6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. Those approaches try to support data collection processes based on human efforts. It is desirable to have a framework to support information extraction from research papers. This approach is widely

• research papers that contain recent analysis results on nanocrystal devices to support the data collection process. Because NaDevEx is good at identifying source material, we can construct appropriate queries to restrict the output to papers that discuss a particular type of source material. Usage of other

Nanocuration workflows: Establishing best practices for identifying, inputting, and sharing data to inform decisions on nanomaterials

• Christina M. Powers,
• Karmann A. Mills,
• Stephanie A. Morris,
• Fred Klaessig,
• Sharon Gaheen,
• Nastassja Lewinski and
• Christine Ogilvie Hendren

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1860–1871, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.189

• shift in responsibility could be spurred on by journal publishers and funding organizations requiring investigators to add their data to specified public repositories. In some instances, data could be added to repositories prior to publication during the data collection process in a non-public format

• turn enable multiple curators to work in parallel, with a streamlined QA/QC process, and thereby mitigate redundant checking of curation decisions. This is critical to nanoinformatics progress, since curation (manual data entry or transfer from a data source) is the primary bottleneck to data

• collection once a repository structure and language are solidified. Related to the second aspect of the importance of a workflow, comparison between data resources, workflows serve as a written indicator of differences or similarities in underlying assumptions, order of operations, and standardization levels

NanoE-Tox: New and in-depth database concerning ecotoxicity of nanomaterials

• Katre Juganson,
• Angela Ivask,
• Irina Blinova,
• Monika Mortimer and
• Anne Kahru

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1788–1804, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.183

• classification of information from retrieved papers into a database. As the selection of keywords is critical in this type of data collection, all the keywords used in this study are listed in Table 1. To find different possible types of ‘nano’ materials, i.e., nanoparticles, nanomaterials, nanotubes, a

Nanotechnology in the real world: Redeveloping the nanomaterial consumer products inventory

• Marina E. Vance,
• Todd Kuiken,
• Eric P. Vejerano,
• Sean P. McGinnis,
• Michael F. Hochella Jr.,
• David Rejeski and
• Matthew S. Hull

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1769–1780, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.181

• accomplish it on its own or within a short amount of time. A long-term solution is to promote the importance of crowd-sourcing data collection and implementing standard data collection and reporting best practices that can help reliably populate the CPI with much needed supporting data. The new crowd

How decision analysis can further nanoinformatics

• Matthew E. Bates,
• Sabrina Larkin,
• Jeffrey M. Keisler and
• Igor Linkov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1594–1600, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.162

• techniques of multicriteria decision analysis (MCDA), value of information (VOI), weight of evidence (WOE), and portfolio decision analysis (PDA) can bridge the gap from current data collection and visualization efforts to present information relevant to specific decision needs. Decision analytic and

• , storing, sharing, analyzing, modeling, and applying that information” [3]. This definition implies the integration of top-down methods for assessing scientific community needs with bottom-up methods for data collection and management [4][5]. Such integration will enhance the reproducibility and

Kelvin probe force microscopy in liquid using electrochemical force microscopy

• Liam Collins,
• Stephen Jesse,
• Jason I. Kilpatrick,
• Alexander Tselev,
• M. Baris Okatan,
• Sergei V. Kalinin and
• Brian J. Rodriguez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 201–214, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.19

• observed within the applied bias range ≥10 mM, with the threshold for bubble formation being lower for larger salt concentrations. When bubbles became visible, data collection was stopped. For concentrations ≥10 mM, did not fully relax within the measurement time following the application of negative bias

Effects of surface functionalization on the adsorption of human serum albumin onto nanoparticles – a fluorescence correlation spectroscopy study

• Pauline Maffre,
• Stefan Brandholt,
• Karin Nienhaus,
• Li Shang,
• Wolfgang J. Parak and
• G. Ulrich Nienhaus

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2036–2047, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.212

• solution in the middle. For data collection, samples were illuminated continuously for typically 5–10 min; the intensity autocorrelation function was directly computed from the emission intensity. FCS setup Fluorescence correlation measurements were mainly performed on a custom-built confocal microscope

Imaging the intracellular degradation of biodegradable polymer nanoparticles

• Anne-Kathrin Barthel,
• Martin Dass,
• Melanie Dröge,
• Jens-Michael Cramer,
• Daniela Baumann,
• Markus Urban,
• Katharina Landfester,
• Volker Mailänder and
• Ingo Lieberwirth

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1905–1917, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.201

• micrographs. Accordingly, we comprised all endosomes of interest into a quantitative data collection. Each individual endosome was classified by six features: the number of visible PLLA particles, their mean diameter, the number of magnetite clusters, the number of free magnetite nanocrystals, the size of the

Cathode lens spectromicroscopy: methodology and applications

• T. O. Menteş,
• G. Zamborlini,
• A. Sala and
• A. Locatelli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1873–1886, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.198

• several hundred electronvolts. Importantly, due to the high elastic backscattering cross section in the very low energy range (2–20 eV), exposure times are short and data collection becomes possible at video frame rate in most cases. Figure 1a and Figure 1b provide a schematic diagram of typical LEEM and

Carbon dioxide hydrogenation to aromatic hydrocarbons by using an iron/iron oxide nanocatalyst

• Hongwang Wang,
• Jim Hodgson,
• Tej B. Shrestha,
• Prem S. Thapa,
• David Moore,
• Xiaorong Wu,
• Myles Ikenberry,
• Deryl L. Troyer,
• Donghai Wang,
• Keith L. Hohn and
• Stefan H. Bossmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 760–769, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.88

• , as well as by co-injection. Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns were obtained on a Bruker D8 X-ray diffractometer with Cu Kα radiation. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM): Sample preparation and data collection are similarly described in a previous paper [70]. Briefly, samples were prepared

• value from the carbon-coated surfaces. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS): Sample preparation and data collection are similarly described in a previous paper [71]. Data was recorded with a Perkin-Elmer PHI 5400 electron spectrometer using acrochromatic Al Kα radiation (1486.6 eV). Analysis was

Near-infrared dye loaded polymeric nanoparticles for cancer imaging and therapy and cellular response after laser-induced heating

• Tingjun Lei,
• Alicia Fernandez-Fernandez,
• Romila Manchanda,
• Yen-Chih Huang and
• Anthony J. McGoron

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 313–322, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.35

• purchased from Harlan (Indianapolis, IN), and randomly distributed into 8 different experimental groups based on two factors: time elapsed between injection and data collection (15 min, 30 min, 60 min, and 24 h), and solution injected (0.2 mL of either free IR820 or IR820-PGMD NPs in PBS). Injected solution

Effect of contaminations and surface preparation on the work function of single layer MoS₂

• Oliver Ochedowski,
• Kolyo Marinov,
• Nils Scheuschner,
• Artur Poloczek,
• Benedict Kleine Bussmann,
• Janina Maultzsch and
• Marika Schleberger

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 291–297, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.32

• and KPFM measurements the sample was introduced to the UHV system. Before the data collection the sample was heated in situ to 200 °C for 30 min to remove any adsorbates from ambience. In Figure 3a and Figure 3c the NC-AFM topography and the corresponding surface potential map are shown, respectively

FTIR nanobiosensors for Escherichia coli detection

• Stefania Mura,
• Gianfranco Greppi,
• Maria Laura Marongiu,
• Pier Paolo Roggero,
• Sandeep P. Ravindranath,
• Lisa J. Mauer,
• Nicoletta Schibeci,
• Francesco Perria,
• Massimo Piccinini,
• Plinio Innocenzi and
• Joseph Irudayaraj

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 485–492, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.55

• carried out in the range of 4000–700 cm−1 with 256 scans at 4 cm−1 resolution. The detector was cooled with liquid nitrogen for 60 min before data collection and also during the measurements. The spectra of films deposited on silicon wafers were obtained in transmission mode. The background was recorded

Characterization of protein adsorption onto FePt nanoparticles using dual-focus fluorescence correlation spectroscopy

• Pauline Maffre,
• Karin Nienhaus,
• Faheem Amin,
• Wolfgang J. Parak and
• G. Ulrich Nienhaus

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 374–383, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.43

• volume as well as cross-correlation functions between the two detection volumes were calculated from the photon arrival time traces. Data collection For data collection, a few microliters of the sample solution were placed between two standard microscope cover slips separated by a 200 µm thick mylar foil

Tip-sample interactions on graphite studied using the wavelet transform

• Giovanna Malegori and
• Gabriele Ferrini

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2010, 1, 172–181, doi:10.3762/bjnano.1.21

• , i.e., signal with a frequency spectrum changing during the data collection. This work will show that the tip-sample interaction forces can be quantitatively measured using CWT with acquisition times as short as few tens of milliseconds, as required for practical DFS imaging. Since wavelets are a