Ferroptosis induction by engineered liposomes for enhanced tumor therapy

• Alireza Ghasempour,
• Mohammad Amin Tokallou,
• Mohammad Reza Naderi Allaf,
• Mohsen Moradi,
• Hamideh Dehghan,
• Mahsa Sedighi,
• Mohammad-Ali Shahbazi and
• Fahimeh Lavi Arab

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1325–1349, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.97

• ]. Mitochondria-targeted liposomes have also been studied to enhance mitochondrial-associated ferroptosis in bladder cancer in situ. The synthesized liposome was selectively aggregated in mitochondria and caused mitochondrial lipid peroxidation and ROS by deactivated dihydroorotate dehydrogenase [148]. Targeting

Deep-learning recognition and tracking of individual nanotubes in low-contrast microscopy videos

• Vladimir Pimonov,
• Said Tahir and
• Vincent Jourdain

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1316–1324, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.96

• Vladimir Pimonov Said Tahir Vincent Jourdain Laboratoire Charles Coulomb, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France 10.3762/bjnano.16.96 Abstract This study addresses the challenge of analyzing the growth kinetics of carbon nanotubes using in situ homodyne polarization microscopy (HPM) by

• can be adapted for other types of in situ microscopy studies, emphasizing the importance of automation in high-throughput data acquisition for research on individual nano-objects. Keywords: carbon nanotubes growth kinetics; deep learning; in situ microscopy; object recognition and tracking

• selectivity, particularly kinetic selectivity. To address this, we developed a method based on in situ homodyne polarization microscopy (HPM), which is highly sensitive and can detect changes in optical absorption caused by a single carbon nanotube. The technique allows for imaging tens to hundreds of

Mechanical stability of individual bacterial cells under different osmotic pressure conditions: a nanoindentation study of Pseudomonas aeruginosa

• Lizeth García-Torres,
• Idania De Alba Montero,
• Eleazar Samuel Kolosovas-Machuca,
• Facundo Ruiz,
• Sumati Bhatia,
• Jose Luis Cuellar Camacho and
• Jaime Ruiz-García

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1171–1183, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.86

• exchanged in situ in the liquid chamber of the AFM and allowed to settle. This time was about 5 min; therefore, is quite above the reaction time of PA to complete the osmolyte release. In our study, measurements were performed once these tension-triggered channels had already dissipated the exceeding

Crystalline and amorphous structure selectivity of ignoble high-entropy alloy nanoparticles during laser ablation in organic liquids is set by pulse duration

• Robert Stuckert,
• Felix Pohl,
• Oleg Prymak,
• Ulrich Schürmann,
• Christoph Rehbock,
• Lorenz Kienle and
• Stephan Barcikowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1141–1159, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.84

• loss spectroscopy, in situ heating, post-irradiation experiments, and differential scanning calorimetry we demonstrate that a pulse-duration-driven structural difference occurs during laser ablation in liquid is observable to the three utilized solvents. While picosecond-pulsed laser ablation in liquid

• occur coincidentally but are a reproducible observation (shown in Supporting Information File 1, Section S11). Thermal stability of the amorphous HEA nanoparticles Finally, we aimed to examine the temperature stability of the amorphous HEA NPs. Thereto, we conducted in situ heating experiments in TEM as

• well as differential scanning calorimetry. Figure 4B displays the TEM in situ heating experiment and SAED patterns of an amorphous sample made by ns-LAL in acetone with increasing temperature. The diffuse and broad intensity that results from an amorphous structure gets sharper, especially for the (111

Time-resolved probing of laser-induced nanostructuring processes in liquids

• Maximilian Spellauge,
• David Redka,
• Mianzhen Mo,
• Changyong Song,
• Heinz Paul Huber and
• Anton Plech

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 968–1002, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.74

Tendency in tip polarity changes in non-contact atomic force microscopy imaging on a fluorite surface

• Bob Kyeyune,
• Philipp Rahe and
• Michael Reichling

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 944–950, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.72

• . The sample was prepared in situ by first degassing a p-type Si (B-doped) sample (Institute of Electronic Materials Technology, Warsaw, Poland) for several hours after introduction into the vacuum. Second, the Si(111)-(7 × 7) termination was formed by flash annealing cycles. Third, CaF2 material (99.9

• . The tip was further prepared in situ using common STM-based approaches on the bare Si surface after introducing the sensor into the vacuum system [28]. The NC-AFM microscope was operated in the frequency-modulation mode with an oscillation amplitude of 60 pm, and images were acquired in the true

Heat-induced transformation of nickel-coated polycrystalline diamond film studied in situ by XPS and NEXAFS

• Olga V. Sedelnikova,
• Yuliya V. Fedoseeva,
• Dmitriy V. Gorodetskiy,
• Yuri N. Palyanov,
• Elena V. Shlyakhova,
• Eugene A. Maksimovskiy,
• Anna A. Makarova,
• Lyubov G. Bulusheva and
• Aleksandr V. Okotrub

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 887–898, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.67

• thin nickel film deposited by thermal evaporation. The graphitization of diamond with and without a nickel coating as a result of high-vacuum annealing at a temperature of about 1100 °C was studied in situ using synchrotron-based X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and near-edge X-ray absorption

• -vacuum annealing at a temperature of about 1100 °C. To exclude the influence of impurities from the air, the annealed samples were examined in situ using XPS and NEXAFS without contact with the air. XPS and NEXAFS spectroscopy investigations of heat-induced transformation of the surface of bare and Ni

• examined in situ using NEXAFS and XPS methods. The changes in the chemical state of the surface of the PCD and Ni-PCD films as a result of annealing were examined. The NEXAFS C K-edge spectra were simultaneously recorded in total electron yield (TEY) and Auger electron yield (AEY) modes to probe the volume

Synthesis and magnetic transitions of rare-earth-free Fe–Mn–Ni–Si-based compositionally complex alloys at bulk and nanoscale

• Shabbir Tahir,
• Tatiana Smoliarova,
• Carlos Doñate-Buendía,
• Michael Farle,
• Natalia Shkodich and
• Bilal Gökce

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 823–836, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.62

• components that can be later in-situ alloyed during PLAL to generate compositionally controlled CCA NPs. CCA NP synthesis and characterization Particle size distribution The NPs synthesized by pulsed laser ablation in ethanol exhibit a log–normal particle size distribution ranging from 2 to 130 nm for both

Morphology and properties of pyrite nanoparticles obtained by pulsed laser ablation in liquid and thin films for photodetection

• Akshana Parameswaran Sreekala,
• Bindu Krishnan,
• Rene Fabian Cienfuegos Pelaes,
• David Avellaneda Avellaneda,
• Josué Amílcar Aguilar-Martínez and
• Sadasivan Shaji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 785–805, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.60

• -powered PDs, as opposed to conventional PDs, are well suited to operate in challenging environments and their applications and benefits in fields such as wireless environmental sensing, chemical and biosensing, in situ medical-therapy monitoring are explained in detail by Xu et al. in their review [34

Nanostructured materials characterized by scanning photoelectron spectromicroscopy

• Matteo Amati,
• Alexey S. Shkvarin,
• Alexander I. Merentsov,
• Alexander N. Titov,
• María Taeño,
• David Maestre,
• Sarah R. McKibbin,
• Zygmunt Milosz,
• Ana Cremades,
• Rainer Timm and
• Luca Gregoratti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 700–710, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.54

• beamline at Elettra is capable of in situ and operando analysis regardless of sample morphology. The review presents three different case studies illustrating the capabilities of SPEM in the investigation of catalytic materials in different conditions and processes. Keywords: nanostructured materials

• combining XPS, submicron spatial resolution, and chemical imaging capabilities. The instrument hosted at the Elettra synchrotron research center, in operation since 1993, has been recently upgraded to fulfil the increasingly demanding needs of in situ and operando experiments. The examples of materials

High-temperature epitaxial growth of tantalum nitride thin films on MgO: structural evolution and potential for SQUID applications

• Michelle Cedillo Rosillo,
• Oscar Contreras López,
• Jesús Antonio Díaz,
• Agustín Conde Gallardo and
• Harvi A. Castillo Cuero

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 690–699, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.53

• deposition chamber, and a turbo pump was used to pump the gas out during film deposition. The films were transferred to the analysis chamber to characterize them in situ by XPS. Varying the N2 pressure, pN2, in the chamber and analyzing the films, we obtained TaN thin films at 90 mTorr of N2. XPS data were

Retrieval of B1 phase from high-pressure B2 phase for CdO nanoparticles by electronic excitations in Cd_xZn_1−xO composite thin films

• Arkaprava Das,
• Marcin Zając and
• Carla Bittencourt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 551–560, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.43

• not been previously conducted, as the B2 phase has only been reported through hydrostatic pressure techniques using the in situ diamond anvil cell (DAC) technique [14]. Our study is facilitated by the successful achievement of the B2 phase at atmospheric pressure for CdxZn1−xO (x = 0.40) composite

Zeolite materials with Ni and Co: synthesis and catalytic potential in the selective hydrogenation of citral

• Inocente Rodríguez-Iznaga,
• Yailen Costa Marrero,
• Tania Farias Piñeira,
• Céline Fontaine,
• Lexane Paget,
• Beatriz Concepción Rosabal,
• Arbelio Penton Madrigal,
• Vitalii Petranovskii and
• Gwendoline Lafaye

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 520–529, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.40

• profiles. In order to improve these results, the CoNiZIE catalyst was subjected to in situ reduction at 500 °C for 2 h under H2 flow prior to the catalytic test. However, this high reduction temperature resulted to be deleterious to the catalytic performance. While the catalytic performance of CoNiZIE in

Development of a mucoadhesive drug delivery system and its interaction with gastric cells

• Ahmet Baki Sahin,
• Serdar Karakurt and
• Deniz Sezlev Bilecen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 371–384, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.28

• rate. The mucoadhesive characteristic of the system was tested in situ and in vitro. In addition, the in vitro cytotoxicity and internalization of the nanoparticles by mucus-secreting gastric cells were also investigated. We believe that usage of the developed system may increase the retention time of

• site. In situ mucoadhesion studies The ability of nanoparticles to stick to mucus, known as mucoadhesion, is important for retention at mucus-bearing sites and, thus, prolonged drug release into the environment [52]. The mucus interaction of the EudAlg NPs was first studied by DLS measurements, where

• -labeled peptide and the corresponding FI values. The encapsulation efficiency was calculated by the following formula: In situ release of the model drug from EudAlg nanoparticles The in situ release of the model drug from the nanoparticles was studied as mentioned elsewhere [32][51]. Nanoparticles (2 mg

Pulsed laser in liquid grafting of gold nanoparticle–carbon support composites

• Madeleine K. Wilsey,
• Teona Taseska,
• Qishen Lyu,
• Connor P. Cox and
• Astrid M. Müller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 349–361, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.26

• was reported as 3.0 × 10−6 s−1 [25]. This suggests that pristine graphite surfaces, generated by the in situ decontamination and activation by nanosecond laser cleaning, can exist for Au embedding during the pulsed laser grafting process. However, this microscopic surface decontamination and

• nanoparticles on supports. We surmise that our in situ decontaminated/activated carbon surfaces enabled immediate embedding of small nucleation sites, at which the laser made nanoparticles grow, resulting in superior physical and electrical contact at the nanoparticle–support interface (shown below). We used

• , which is especially problematic with precious catalysts, and it does not require binders. The pulsed laser grafting process is predicated on in situ nanosecond pulsed laser decontamination and activation of the support surface to create short-lived pristine graphite surfaces, at which gold is seeded and

Preferential enrichment and extraction of laser-synthesized nanoparticles in organic phases

• Theo Fromme,
• Maximilian L. Spiekermann,
• Florian Lehmann,
• Stephan Barcikowski,
• Thomas Seidensticker and
• Sven Reichenberger

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 254–263, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.20

• modify the nanomaterials in situ via chemical reactions of the nanoparticles with the molecules or solutes of the liquid. Particularly when organic solvents are used as liquids, photothermally induced C–C cleavage, addition or dehydrogenation reactions of the solvents, as well as (carbon

A review of metal-organic frameworks and polymers in mixed matrix membranes for CO₂ capture

• Charlotte Skjold Qvist Christensen,
• Nicholas Hansen,
• Mahboubeh Motadayen,
• Nina Lock,
• Martin Lahn Henriksen and
• Jonathan Quinson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 155–186, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.14

• cross-linking [126] or MOF geometry tuning [127] are needed to address this issue properly. Furthermore, the study by Maleh and Raisi found that in situ MOF-based MMM synthesis resulted in negligible plasticization compared to ex situ MMM fabrication [91], suggesting that MOF distribution and MOF

• functionalization, Figure 7c,d, reducing filler sizes, in situ MOF growth, or applying annealing treatments. Interfacial adhesion can also be improved using ionic liquids (Figure 7e). MOF functionalization is commonly employed in MMM research. For example, in the study by Katayama et al. [113] mentioned earlier

• -case basis. An entirely different approach to improving the MOF–polymer interface is shown in the study by Maleh and Raisi [91], where ZIF-8 MOFs were grown in situ in a Pebax® 2533 polymer matrix. The authors prepared a polymer solution in ethanol containing well-dispersed zinc nitrate hexahydrate and

Nanocarriers and macrophage interaction: from a potential hurdle to an alternative therapeutic strategy

• Naths Grazia Sukubo,
• Paolo Bigini and
• Annalisa Morelli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 97–118, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.10

Heterogeneous reactions in a HFCVD reactor: simulation using a 2D model

• Xochitl Aleyda Morán Martínez,
• José Alberto Luna López,
• Zaira Jocelyn Hernández Simón,
• Gabriel Omar Mendoza Conde,
• José Álvaro David Hernández de Luz and
• Godofredo García Salgado

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1627–1638, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.128

• give rise to the surface reactions for the growth of the films. In the reaction mechanisms reported for the growth of SiO2 films, the role of intermediate •H and •OH and •O2 radicals has been pointed out through in situ Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. These species react with silane-derived

Facile synthesis of size-tunable L-carnosine-capped silver nanoparticles and their role in metal ion sensing and catalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol

• Akash Kumar,
• Ridhima Chadha,
• Abhishek Das,
• Nandita Maiti and
• Rayavarapu Raja Gopal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1576–1592, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.124

• +, Pb2+, and Cd2+ was achieved via ʟ-carnosine–metal interaction [20][21]. With this study, an attempt has been made to address the issues associated with traditional environmental monitoring and remediation systems. This article aims to develop a metal ion sensing and catalyst platform with in situ

Effect of radiation-induced vacancy saturation on the first-order phase transformation in nanoparticles: insights from a model

• Aram Shirinyan and
• Yuriy Bilogorodskyy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1453–1472, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.117

• film through in situ ion irradiation, observed using atomic-resolution transmission electron microscopy [16]. The gold sample was irradiated with 2.8 MeV Au4+ ions at 200 °C with a fluence of approximately 1014 ions·cm−2 (equivalent to a dose of 10 dpa). A combination of surface- and radiation-induced

Nanotechnological approaches for efficient N2B delivery: from small-molecule drugs to biopharmaceuticals

• Selin Akpinar Adscheid,
• Akif E. Türeli,
• Nazende Günday-Türeli and
• Marc Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1400–1414, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.113

• approximately 30% compared to non-coated counterparts, where this derivative was chosen because of its solubility at physiological nasal pH [97]. Additionally, the powder form of the formulation showed stronger mucin adhesion and better enzymatic degradation protection [98]. Moreover, researchers developed in

• situ esculin-loaded nanoliposomes for intranasal administration for treating Parkinson’s disease. Ex vivo studies further confirmed the enhanced permeation of the nanoliposomal formulation compared to the suspension form by approximately 40% [99]. Solid lipid NPs and nanostructured lipid carriers Solid

Nanoarchitectonics with cetrimonium bromide on metal nanoparticles for linker-free detection of toxic metal ions and catalytic degradation of 4-nitrophenol

• Akash Kumar and
• Raja Gopal Rayavarapu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1312–1332, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.106

Enhanced catalytic reduction through in situ synthesized gold nanoparticles embedded in glucosamine/alginate nanocomposites

• Chi-Hien Dang,
• Le-Kim-Thuy Nguyen,
• Minh-Trong Tran,
• Van-Dung Le,
• Nguyen Minh Ty,
• T. Ngoc Han Pham,
• Hieu Vu-Quang,
• Tran Thi Kim Chi,
• Tran Thi Huong Giang,
• Nguyen Thi Thanh Tu and
• Thanh-Danh Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1227–1237, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.99

• metallic ions onto the nanogel and the subsequent reduction [22][23]. In recent studies, in situ reduction of metal nanoparticles (MNPs) has been explored to enhance synthetic efficiency and streamline procedures by employing disaccharides such as lactose [24][25]. However, the potential of monosaccharides

• (e.g., glucose, fructose, and glucosamine (GluN)) for the in situ synthesis of metallic nanoparticles onto alginate-based nanogels remains unexplored. Toxic organic dyes, including nitrophenols and methyl orange (MO), pose a significant environmental threat because of their persistence in water. This

• excess of NaBH4. Initially, 3.0 mg of the AuNPs@GluN/Alg solid was placed in a quartz cell with 1 cm path length, along with an aqueous solution of the organic dyes (2.5 mL, 0.1 mM). Then, 0.5 mL of NaBH4 solution (0.06 M) was added to start the reaction. The reduction process of the dyes was in situ

Photocatalytic methane oxidation over a TiO₂/SiNWs p–n junction catalyst at room temperature

• Qui Thanh Hoai Ta,
• Luan Minh Nguyen,
• Ngoc Hoi Nguyen,
• Phan Khanh Thinh Nguyen and
• Dai Hai Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1132–1141, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.92

• Information File 1, Figure S2. The contact angle between horizontal sample surface and the perimeter of the water drop was measured after 10 s of interaction. The in situ photocurrent measurements were carried out in the presence of gaseous reactants (CH4/air = 4.5/0.5) ranging from −2 V to +3 V under dark