Piezoelectricity of layered double hydroxides: perspectives regarding piezocatalysis and nanogenerators

• Evgeniy S. Seliverstov,
• Evgeniya A. Tarasenko and
• Olga E. Lebedeva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1812–1817, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.124

• -LDH alone. The authors proposed that the enhanced efficiency was due to the interaction between the lamellar structure of Zn/Al-LDH and the piezoelectric attributes of BaTiO3, along with heterojunctions within the BaTiO3/LDH composite. However, this study raises doubts concerning the successful

Electrical, photocatalytic, and sensory properties of graphene oxide and polyimide implanted with low- and medium-energy silver ions

• Josef Novák,
• Eva Štěpanovská,
• Petr Malinský,
• Vlastimil Mazánek,
• Jan Luxa,
• Ulrich Kentsch and
• Zdeněk Sofer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1794–1811, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.123

• conductivity, the implantation of silver ions can also significantly affect the interaction of the material with water molecules, thereby improving its sensing response to changes in air humidity [13]. By modifying the chemical composition and microstructure of the surface, the affinity of the material for air

• at 20 keV with fluence of 3.75 × 1012 cm−2 and for 1.5 MeV Ag ions with fluence 3.75 × 1012 cm−2. These samples show a gradual decrease in surface resistivity with increasing humidity, suggesting that ion implantation has modified the material in a way that promotes interaction with water molecules

Exploring the potential of polymers: advancements in oral nanocarrier technology

• Rousilândia de Araujo Silva,
• Igor Eduardo Silva Arruda,
• Luise Lopes Chaves,
• Mônica Felts de La Roca Soares and
• Jose Lamartine Soares Sobrinho

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1751–1793, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.122

• , thereby achieving highly efficient drug release [18]. This interaction with biological systems without inducing negative or toxic effects is attributed to their biocompatibility and biodegradability [19]. Surface design plays a pivotal role in PNs for oral use, as it dictates their behavior during

• , nanocapsules are particularly effective in encapsulating hydrophobic and lipophilic drugs due to the affinity of these compounds for the oily core. Drug release occurs through controlled diffusion across the polymeric layer and interaction with the core material. Conversely, nanospheres are capable of

• mucin chains and consequently modifying the aggregation degree of the mucin network through various interactions [68][69]. Surface coating techniques play a key role in the interaction of PNs with the biological environment. These strategies involve the physical adsorption or covalent attachment of

Advances of aptamers in esophageal cancer diagnosis, treatment and drug delivery

• Yang Fei,
• Hui Xu,
• Chunwei Zhang,
• Jingjing Wang and
• Yong Jin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1734–1750, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.121

• resistance [73]. Notably, transcription factors like SOX2 are typically categorized as “non-druggable targets” due to three fundamental challenges: (1) their structurally flat DNA-binding domains, (2) extensive protein–protein interaction interfaces, and (3) the absence of well-defined binding pockets for

• interactions [79], begin to emerge. Chen et al. [80] showed that CDP and SOX2 expression levels were highly correlated with late ESCC, verified that CDP and SOX2 interacted in ESCC cell lines (KYSE450 and KYSE30 cells), and confirmed the interaction interface between these two proteins. Peptide aptamer p58

• , which can specifically block CDP/SOX2 interaction, was screened by BiFc assay. The antitumor activity of p58 aptamer was further analyzed in vitro and in mouse xenograft and zebrafish models, suggesting that peptide 58 could significantly inhibit the proliferation, migration, and invasion of KYSE450

Multifunctional anionic nanoemulsion with linseed oil and lecithin: a preliminary approach for dry eye disease

• Niédja Fittipaldi Vasconcelos,
• Almerinda Agrelli,
• Rayane Cristine Santos da Silva,
• Carina Lucena Mendes-Marques,
• Isabel Renata de Souza Arruda,
• Priscilla Stela Santana de Oliveira,
• Mércia Liane de Oliveira and
• Giovanna Machado

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1711–1733, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.120

• between the drug and phospholipids, affecting stability [52][54]. Moreover, heating linseed oil to the formulation temperature of 75 °C offers specific advantages, such as enhanced phase interaction and improved solubilization potential for hydrophobic drugs, without compromising its chemical integrity or

• components of tear fluid [2][89]. Based on this, an anionic profile was selected in this study to optimize retention and interaction with the ocular environment, aiming to support tear film function and alleviate dry eye symptoms through the multifunctional properties of LO. Although the physicochemical

Ambient pressure XPS at MAX IV

• Mattia Scardamaglia,
• Ulrike Küst,
• Alexander Klyushin,
• Rosemary Jones,
• Jan Knudsen,
• Robert Temperton,
• Andrey Shavorskiy and
• Esko Kokkonen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1677–1694, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.118

• (SCALMS) [17][18], and cluster encapsulation via strong metal–support interaction (SMSI) [19] have shown promise. While these methods have been successfully characterized using APXPS, the systems themselves were not investigated under catalytic turnover conditions and are therefore not discussed further

Energy spectrum and quantum phase transition of the coupled single spin and an infinitely coordinated Ising chain

• Seidali Seidov,
• Natalia Pugach and
• Anatolie Sidorenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1668–1676, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.117

• operation, and it has technical benefits such as simplicity of calibration and suppression of the unwanted longitudinal ZZ interaction. One of the important quantities is the shift of the coupler qubits energy levels depending on the state of the logical qubits. In the present manuscript, we find the energy

• mostly aligned along the z-axis due to the large term. Effectively, an interaction with the single spin creates a strong magnetic field parallel to the single spin direction. Thus, the perpendicular component of the “magnetic field” can be considered as a small perturbation. Formally, this means that

Prospects of nanotechnology and natural products for cancer and immunotherapy

• Jan Filipe Andrade Santos,
• Marcela Bernardes Brasileiro,
• Pamela Danielle Cavalcante Barreto,
• Ligiane Aranha Rocha and
• José Adão Carvalho Nascimento Júnior

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1644–1667, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.116

• compounds must have properties that contribute to a stable formulation, difficulty in controlling physicochemical characteristics, such as particle size, which can affect reproducibility and scalability, and problems related to rapid clearance and interaction with non-target tissues, mainly due to the

• particle size, along with improved interaction with cellular receptors, enables a significantly increase of the cell inhibitory effect (tumor cells were HepG2 and MCF-7), with the complex exhibiting an increased amount of cytokine secretion when used at a concentration of 10 mg·mL−1 [76]. Gold

Venom-loaded cationic-functionalized poly(lactic acid) nanoparticles for serum production against Tityus serrulatus scorpion

• Philippe de Castro Mesquita,
• Karla Samara Rocha Soares,
• Manoela Torres-Rêgo,
• Emanuell dos Santos-Silva,
• Mariana Farias Alves-Silva,
• Alianda Maira Cornélio,
• Matheus de Freitas Fernandes-Pedrosa and
• Arnóbio Antônio da Silva-Júnior

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1633–1643, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.115

• polyethylenimine (PEI), to change the surface of nanoparticles to a positive potential, improving the interaction with negatively charged biomolecules, is one strategy successfully employed for gene delivery [20][23][24]. These cationic nanoparticles have an absent or weak electrostatic interaction with negatively

• nanoparticles was functionalized with PEI, a hydrophilic polymer that provides a positive surface charge. This modification enhances high macromolecule loading or improves the cell interaction and cellular uptake [22][33][34]. The cationic character induces biomolecules with negative charges, such as proteins

• a certain advantage over the polymer, and it is responsible for the nanoparticle cationic character, ensuring binding of venom proteins. Similar results were obtained using the ionic affinity interaction to bind negatively charged proteins of the T. serrulatus scorpion venom to the amine groups of

Nanotechnology-based approaches for the removal of microplastics from wastewater: a comprehensive review

• Nayanathara O Sanjeev,
• Manjunath Singanodi Vallabha and
• Rebekah Rubidha Lisha Rabi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1607–1632, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.114

• . Interaction with oxygen forms peroxy radicals, which extract hydrogen atoms from the polymer backbone, creating hydroperoxide intermediates. These intermediates break down into alkoxy radicals, which further react to produce carbonyl and vinyl groups, markers of advanced photo-oxidation. The presence of these

Few-photon microwave fields for superconducting transmon-based qudit control

• Irina A. Solovykh,
• Andrey V. Pashchenko,
• Natalya A. Maleeva,
• Nikolay V. Klenov,
• Olga V. Tikhonova and
• Igor I. Soloviev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1580–1591, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.112

• the nonlinearity existing in a real solid-state system [31][32][33]. In our fully quantum analysis of the “atom”–field interaction, the nonlinearity of transmon will be taken into account. This article presents the results of a theoretical description of the interaction between a few-photon microwave

• means that this nonlinearity itself leads only to phase modulation without changing the excitation statistics. In our case, the dynamics of the excitations of a Josephson nanosystem (transmon) under the action of a nonclassical electromagnetic field is studied. The interaction of the photonic and

• interaction strength of the resonator mode with the Josephson subsystem is taken as , where is the dipole moment of the transmon, is the vacuum electric field in the resonator that affects the transmon, and l is the distance that the Cooper pair travels when tunneling through JJ [43]. The conditions for the

Photocatalytic degradation of ofloxacin in water assisted by TiO₂ nanowires on carbon cloth: contributions of H₂O₂ addition and substrate absorbability

• Iram Hussain,
• Lisha Zhang,
• Zhizhen Ye and
• Jin-Ming Wu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1567–1579, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.111

• unsatisfactory interaction with target contaminants diminishes photocatalytic degradation efficiency in water. Here, we present a mild solution method to precipitate anatase TiO2 nanowire arrays, measuring 1.5 μm in thickness, over carbon cloth to ensure substantial interactions with target pollutants and, in

• CC/NW-450 °C is evaluated to be 2.97 eV (Figure 3a inset). This value is smaller than the bandgap of 3.2 eV for anatase TiO2, which can be attributed to the strong interaction between TiO2 and the carbon cloth, which may induce localized states within the bandgap and potentially introduce defects

• carbon cloth via Ti–H2O2 interaction, followed by a subsequent calcination in air. The synthetic process also activated the carbon cloth, significantly increasing the specific surface area to 289.9 m2·g−1. The TiO2 nanowires supported on carbon cloth demonstrated excellent efficiency for degradation of

Modeling magnetic properties of cobalt nanofilms used as a component of spin hybrid superconductor–ferromagnetic structures

• Aleksey Fedotov,
• Olesya Severyukhina,
• Anastasia Salomatina and
• Anatolie Sidorenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1557–1566, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.110

• : where UMEAM(r) is the force potential, the modified embedded atom method (MEAM) potential was used in this work; Hex(r) is the exchange interaction energy of spins; r = {r1,r2,…,rN} is the generalized variable showing the dependence on the whole set of radial vectors of atoms; κ,λ are viscous friction

• modeling problems. The exchange interaction energy of spins is used in mathematical models to describe the magnetic behavior of systems and allows us to reproduce their ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic ordering. The total energy value is calculated according to the following expression: where J(rij) is

• the exchange integral, the sign of which determines the type of interaction (ferromagnetic or antiferromagnetic); and si and sj are spin vectors of individual atoms. Equation 6 provides a connection between the spatial and spin degrees of freedom of the system through the exchange integral in the form

Influence of laser beam profile on morphology and optical properties of silicon nanoparticles formed by laser ablation in liquid

• Natalie Tarasenka,
• Vladislav Kornev,
• Alena Nevar and
• Nikolai Tarasenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1533–1544, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.108

• explained the formation of elongated pillar-shaped nanostructures on the target surface. For ablation in a liquid, the interaction of non-Gaussian beam field patterns with a target will further impact the ablation processes. The dynamics and conditions in CBs are also affected by the laser beam shape and

Dendrimer-modified carbon nanotubes for the removal and recovery of heavy metal ions from water

• Thao Quynh Ngan Tran,
• Huu Trung Nguyen,
• Subodh Kumar and
• Xuan Thang Cao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1522–1532, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.107

• patterns were recorded on a Shimadzu 6100 X-ray diffractometer in a 2θ range of 10–80°, providing insights into the crystalline structure and phase composition of the CNTs before and after modification. UV–vis spectroscopy was used to monitor adsorption of metal ions by the interaction of dendrimerized

• separate vials, each containing 20 mL of a 100 ppm working solution of Pb2+ and Cd2+ ions, prepared by diluting a 1000 ppm standard stock solution with deionized water. The mixtures were first sonicated for 10 min to ensure uniform dispersion and effective interaction between the adsorbents and the metal

Cross-reactivities in conjugation reactions involving iron oxide nanoparticles

• Shoronia N. Cross,
• Katalin V. Korpany,
• Hanine Zakaria and
• Amy Szuchmacher Blum

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1504–1521, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.106

• functional biomedical nanomaterials. However, few studies report the controls performed to determine if the loading of molecules onto IONPs is due to the proposed coupling reaction(s) employed, or some other unknown interaction with the IONP surface. Herein, we use 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid-functionalized

• report the controls performed to determine if the loading of functional molecules onto IONPs is due to the proposed coupling reaction(s) employed, or some other unknown interaction with the IONP surface. We demonstrate here that a failure to account for these cross-reactivities can lead to erroneous

Laser processing in liquids: insights into nanocolloid generation and thin film integration for energy, photonic, and sensing applications

• Akshana Parameswaran Sreekala,
• Pooja Raveendran Nair,
• Jithin Kundalam Kadavath,
• Bindu Krishnan,
• David Avellaneda Avellaneda,
• M. R. Anantharaman and
• Sadasivan Shaji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1428–1498, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.104

• temperature and normal atmospheric pressure [34]. A laser fragmentation mechanism was proposed, based on the interaction between the laser and the nanospheres, which generates plasma (Figure 7e). Most LIL processes can be classified as either fragmentation or melting, depending on the type of final product

• through the interaction of the electromagnetic waves with the electrons of the NPs, causing collective motion in metallic particles or perturbations in the electronic orbitals of non-metallic NPs [42][43]. In the case of non-metals, nanosecond laser pulses transfer energy from electrons to phonons

• used to deposit photoresist films for microelectronic manufacturing, where understanding the interaction between liquid flow and mass transfer during the process became crucial as device sizes decreased. A one-dimensional model of spin coating was developed to describe film thinning due to both

Synthesis and antibacterial properties of nanosilver-modified cellulose triacetate membranes for seawater desalination

• Lei Wang,
• Shizhe Li,
• Kexin Xu,
• Wenjun Li,
• Ying Li and
• Gang Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1380–1391, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.100

• the low content of the modifying agents (PDA and Ag) relative to the CTA matrix. This low concentration results in negligible changes in the overall thermal behavior of the composite materials, as detected by TGA. This observation also suggests that the interaction between Ag and CTA or between PDA

Enhancing the therapeutical potential of metalloantibiotics using nano-based delivery systems

• Alejandro Llamedo,
• Marina Cano,
• Raquel G. Soengas and
• Francisco J. García-Alonso

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1350–1366, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.98

• overcome these problems [24]. Thus, encapsulation systems create a protective environment for metallodrugs, ensuring that they are delivered to the therapeutic site intact and limiting their interaction with healthy cells. In this way, nanoencapsulation systems drastically improve the efficacy and safety

• interact with upregulated mannose receptors on macrophage surfaces during inflammation. Mannosylated polymeric ligands have been developed for targeted delivery of antibacterial drugs to macrophages, leveraging the high-affinity interaction with mannose receptors on these immune cells [52]. Additionally

• been suggested that the antibacterial action is strongly related to bioavailability and stability. In fact, the poor water solubility, the degradation (precipitation) by chloride in the bloodstream, the interaction with sulfur-containing proteins, and the rapid clearance by macrophages are the main

Ferroptosis induction by engineered liposomes for enhanced tumor therapy

• Alireza Ghasempour,
• Mohammad Amin Tokallou,
• Mohammad Reza Naderi Allaf,
• Mohsen Moradi,
• Hamideh Dehghan,
• Mahsa Sedighi,
• Mohammad-Ali Shahbazi and
• Fahimeh Lavi Arab

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1325–1349, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.97

• chloroacetamides, like RSL3, trigger ferroptosis by forming covalent bonds with and blocking selenocysteine activity at the active zone of GPX4 [46][88]. Also, nitrile oxide electrophiles, specifically ML210, JKE-1674, and JKE-1716, trigger ferroptosis through their interaction with selenocysteine as a binding

• liposomes is preserved [110]. The surface charge of liposomes, often expressed as zeta potential, is an important parameter that influences their stability and interaction with biological systems. Electrophoretic light scattering is often used to measure the zeta potential of liposomes [110][125]. Cryo-TEM

Wavelength-dependent correlation of LIPSS periodicity and laser penetration depth in stainless steel

• Nitin Chaudhary,
• Chavan Akash Naik,
• Shilpa Mangalassery,
• Jai Prakash Gautam and
• Sri Ram Gopal Naraharisetty

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1302–1315, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.95

• on tissue penetration during light–tissue interaction. They found that higher wavelengths result in greater penetration depth, while larger spot sizes do not significantly increase penetration depth [63]. The penetration depth depends on the material’s dielectric properties and the interface’s

• ablation at all wavelengths. This slight variation in elements between the laser-treated and untreated samples can be attributed to the highly intense femtosecond laser and its interaction with matter and the fact that these low-atomic-weight species could have escaped from the system. Conclusion For the

• significant implications for developing new theories of light–matter interaction and various applications such as surface functionalization, microfabrication, and developing advanced materials with tailored surface properties. Depicts the experimental setup utilized in the fabrication process of laser-induced

Acrocomia aculeata oil-loaded nanoemulsion: development, anti-inflammatory properties, and cytotoxicity evaluation

• Verónica Bautista-Robles,
• Hady Keita,
• Edgar Julián Paredes Gamero,
• Layna Tayná Brito Leite,
• Jessica de Araújo Isaías Muller,
• Mônica Cristina Toffoli Kadri,
• Ariadna Lafourcade Prada and
• Jesús Rafael Rodríguez Amado

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1277–1288, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.93

• , with particular focus on its interaction with erythrocyte membranes. The nanoemulsion demonstrated no hemolytic activity against murine erythrocytes at concentrations of 1, 10, 100, and 1000 μg/mL. These findings were benchmarked against Triton X-100, a well-established positive control known for its

• efficient interaction with cellular receptors, contributing to its heightened bioactivity [57]. Collectively, these findings suggest that bocaiúva oil-based nanoemulsions hold promising potential as anti-inflammatory agents. Further analysis using the carrageenan-induced paw edema model revealed that the

Better together: biomimetic nanomedicines for high performance tumor therapy

• Imran Shair Mohammad,
• Gizem Kursunluoglu,
• Anup Kumar Patel,
• Hafiz Muhammad Ishaq,
• Cansu Umran Tunc,
• Dilek Kanarya,
• Mubashar Rehman,
• Omer Aydin and
• Yin Lifang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1246–1276, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.92

• emerged as an exciting frontier in the field of biomedicine. These nanoparticles can emulate essential biological functions, drawing from an abundant reservoir of cellular capabilities. This includes engaging in biological binding, precise homing to tumor sites, and interaction with immune cells. These

• various NPs, mostly for diagnostic or multifunctional theranostic applications. 1.3.1 Albumin. Albumin is a major protein present in blood and widely studied for drug–protein interaction and nanoparticle corona formation studies. Due to its immunocompatibility, long half-life, and abundance of binding

• , recombinant ferritin can be used as a carrier of macromolecules such as enzymes by electrostatic interaction with the negatively charged interior of the ferritin cage [99]. 1.3.6 Enzyme-based biomimetic nanoparticles. Enzymes are biological catalysts and proteins by nature. Multienzymes are complex structures

Functional bio-packaging enhanced with nanocellulose from rice straw and cinnamon essential oil Pickering emulsion for fruit preservation

• Tuyen B. Ly,
• Duong D. T. Nguyen,
• Hieu D. Nguyen,
• Yen T. H. Nguyen,
• Bup T. A. Bui,
• Kien A. Le and
• Phung K. Le

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1234–1245, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.91

• matrix properties, including tensile strength, elasticity, and thermal stability, due to its high surface area, hydroxy groups forming hydrogen bonds, and excellent dispersion within the matrix [20][21]. This improvement is attributed to interaction between hydroxy groups in NC and PVA, effectively

Hydrogels and nanogels: effectiveness in dermal applications

• Jéssica da Cruz Ludwig,
• Diana Fortkamp Grigoletto,
• Daniele Fernanda Renzi,
• Wolf-Rainer Abraham,
• Daniel de Paula and
• Najeh Maissar Khalil

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1216–1233, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.90

• - or intermolecularly cross-linked by chemical bonding or physical interaction (Figure 1). Physical cross-linking is performed using interactions other than the covalent bond, such as hydrogen bonding or ionic interaction. Physical cross-links can be reversibly dissociated and recombined under specific

• /vehicle, drug/skin, and skin/vehicle [169][176][177]. Besides the drug/vehicle interaction, skin permeability can be changed by the effect of vehicles on the SC [170][174][178]. Many solvents, including dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) [175], glycols [179], and fatty acids [180] act as penetration enhancers (i.e

• through covalent and noncovalent bonds, forming three-dimensional networks. The process allows polymers to be cross-linked intra- or intermolecularly by chemical bonds or physical interaction. Nanogels as dermal drug delivery systems. Systems developed through the union between a polymer and a drug