Soft materials nanoarchitectonics: liquid crystals, polymers, gels, biomaterials, and others

• Katsuhiko Ariga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1025–1067, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.77

Time-resolved probing of laser-induced nanostructuring processes in liquids

• Maximilian Spellauge,
• David Redka,
• Mianzhen Mo,
• Changyong Song,
• Heinz Paul Huber and
• Anton Plech

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 968–1002, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.74

• light fields and matter. Investigations into photoinduced melting, a well-known, yet incompletely understood phenomenon, have highlighted the role of non-thermal processes [29][76][77][78]. For example, time-resolved resonant X-ray scattering studies have directly observed the ultrafast reconfiguration

• orders of magnitude timing lag, a phenomenon that demands paradigm-shifting insights supported by direct experimental evidence, unconstrained by traditional equilibrium thermodynamics. Alongside the ongoing effort to understand ultrafast laser–matter interactions, focused research on manipulating phase

Shape, membrane morphology, and morphodynamic response of metabolically active human mitochondria revealed by scanning ion conductance microscopy

• Eric Lieberwirth,
• Anja Schaeper,
• Regina Lange,
• Ingo Barke,
• Simone Baltrusch and
• Sylvia Speller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 951–967, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.73

• mitochondria, as shown in Figure 6a,b. The TEV for metabolically active mitochondria is approximately ten times higher, indicating that the mentioned artefacts are negligible in this context. Therefore, we interpret the TEV as an indicator of mitochondrial morphodynamics and metabolic activity, a phenomenon we

• the action of the fixative, formaldehyde, which removes water from the mitochondria, causing shrinkage [38][39]. Morphodynamics The edge memory effect is a phenomenon closely tied to the morphodynamics of mitochondria and serves as an indicator of their viability. This effect does not manifest in

• field originating from the ζ-potential acting as the mediating stimulus. The intermittency effect: This phenomenon is attributed to the geometry of the mitochondria, which are only weakly in contact with the substrate due to their spherical or ellipsoidal shapes. Additionally, the lack of adhesion

Focused ion beam-induced platinum deposition with a low-temperature cesium ion source

• Thomas Henning Loeber,
• Bert Laegel,
• Meltem Sezen,
• Feray Bakan Misirlioglu,
• Edgar J. D. Vredenbregt and
• Yang Li

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 910–920, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.69

• mainly increases linearly with ion current density. Pt layers deposited with Cs+ ions at 2 and 5 kV react with air and form bubbles. This similarity in the occurrence of surface bubbles between Cs+ and Rb+ may reveal a characteristic phenomenon of alkali metal ion-induced deposition. The electrical

Synthesis and magnetic transitions of rare-earth-free Fe–Mn–Ni–Si-based compositionally complex alloys at bulk and nanoscale

• Shabbir Tahir,
• Tatiana Smoliarova,
• Carlos Doñate-Buendía,
• Michael Farle,
• Natalia Shkodich and
• Bilal Gökce

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 823–836, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.62

• by XRD peaks. The microsegregation of Mn can be due to a phenomenon consistent with observations in other CCAs, often attributed to the elastic strain energy [58] or due to the presence of oxygen on the surface forming MnO [59]. As expected, the SEM images and EDX elemental mapping of the polished Al

• stacking of multiple elements (marked with blue and purple arrows, respectively). The line scan of one of the NPs further illustrates deviations in elemental concentration as shown in Figure S3b and Figure S4, Supporting Information File 1. This phenomenon is attributed to the nonequilibrium nature of PLAL

Changes of structural, magnetic and spectroscopic properties of microencapsulated iron sucrose nanoparticles in saline

• Sabina Lewińska,
• Pavlo Aleshkevych,
• Roman Minikayev,
• Anna Bajorek,
• Mateusz Dulski,
• Krystian Prusik,
• Tomasz Wojciechowski and
• Anna Ślawska-Waniewska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 762–784, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.59

Serum heat inactivation diminishes ApoE-mediated uptake of D-Lin-MC3-DMA lipid nanoparticles

• Demian van Straten,
• Luuk van de Schepop,
• Rowan Frunt,
• Pieter Vader and
• Raymond M. Schiffelers

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 740–748, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.57

• ). Despite the fact that the C12 LNPs were applied at the same dose of 1 pmol siRNA per well, these LNPs were more efficient in knocking down luciferase activity than MC3 LNPs. This phenomenon has been reported previously [38]. In contrast to MC3 LNPs, the heat inactivation of FCS had no effect on the

High-temperature epitaxial growth of tantalum nitride thin films on MgO: structural evolution and potential for SQUID applications

• Michelle Cedillo Rosillo,
• Oscar Contreras López,
• Jesús Antonio Díaz,
• Agustín Conde Gallardo and
• Harvi A. Castillo Cuero

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 690–699, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.53

• superconducting films. Keywords: epitaxial growth; SQUID; structural evolution; superconductivity; TaN thin films; Introduction Superconductivity is a quantum mechanical phenomenon characterized by the complete absence of electrical resistance in certain materials when cooled below a critical superconducting

• increased, tantalum allows for a greater incorporation of oxygen, forming lattice interstitials. The increased incorporation of oxygen into tantalum at higher temperatures is a complex phenomenon driven by a combination of factors, including increased atomic mobility, enhanced thermodynamic driving forces

A formulation containing Cymbopogon flexuosus essential oil: improvement of biochemical parameters and oxidative stress in diabetic rats

• Ailton Santos Sena-Júnior,
• Cleverton Nascimento Santana Andrade,
• Pedro Henrique Macedo Moura,
• Jocsã Hémany Cândido dos Santos,
• Cauãn Torres Trancoso,
• Eloia Emanuelly Dias Silva,
• Deise Maria Rego Rodrigues Silva,
• Ênio Pereira Telles,
• Luiz André Santos Silva,
• Isabella Lima Dantas Teles,
• Sara Fernanda Mota de Almeida,
• Daniel Alves de Souza,
• Jileno Ferreira Santos,
• Felipe José Aidar Martins,
• Ana Mara de Oliveira e Silva,
• Sandra Lauton-Santos,
• Guilherme Rodolfo Souza de Araujo,
• Cristiane Bani Correa,
• Rogéria De Souza Nunes,
• Lysandro Pinto Borges and
• Ana Amélia Moreira Lira

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 617–636, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.48

• one of the most obvious findings, characterized by the accumulation of cytoplasmic vesicles, a phenomenon often associated with degenerative and apoptotic processes. This alteration reflects an impairment of cellular homeostasis and represents an important marker of liver damage in various

Feasibility analysis of carbon nanofiber synthesis and morphology control using a LPG premixed flame

• Iftikhar Rahman Bishal,
• Muhammad Hilmi Ibrahim,
• Norikhwan Hamzah,
• Mohd Zamri Mohd Yusop,
• Faizuan Bin Abdullah,
• I Putu Tedy Indrayana and
• Mohd Fairus Mohd Yasin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 581–590, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.45

• leads to a higher likelihood of particles sticking together [29]. This phenomenon explains the production of CNFs with large diameters. As the equivalence ratio reduces from Φ = 1.80 to Φ = 1.00, the primary flame temperature increases. At higher temperatures, the catalyst particle size increases, which

Retrieval of B1 phase from high-pressure B2 phase for CdO nanoparticles by electronic excitations in Cd_xZn_1−xO composite thin films

• Arkaprava Das,
• Marcin Zając and
• Carla Bittencourt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 551–560, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.43

• decrease in the intensity of the B2 phase is observed, which is attributed to enhanced electronic energy loss and the phenomenon of multiple ion impacts. The B1 phase is fully reestablished in this thin film, while the signature of the Zn2SiO4 phase is no longer detectable. This amorphization of the

• in the intensity of the B2 phase peak and the reappearance of the B1 phase peak in the XRD patterns for the CZ900_113O and CZ900_313O films, as shown in Figure 1b, aligns with similar findings in Zn2SiO4. This phenomenon is attributed to a decrease in the local pressure exerted by Zn2SiO4

• nanoparticles with the B2 phase and facilitating the retrieval of the B1 phase. Furthermore, the calculated track diameter for 120 MeV silver ions within the CdO rock salt phase was determined to be 8 nm. Collectively, these findings enrich the understanding of the B1 to B2 phase transition phenomenon and

Water in nanoporous hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets: a first-principles study

• Juliana A. Gonçalves,
• Ronaldo J. C. Batista and
• Marcia C. Barbosa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 510–519, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.39

• resembles that which occurs in triangular pores lacking additional B–H pairs at the vertices. Consequently, the strain energy due to deformation can be estimated to be approximately 3.05 or 0.017 eV per atom. This phenomenon aligns with the findings of Ferrari and colleagues [38] in their study of suspended

Performance optimization of a microwave-coupled plasma-based ultralow-energy ECR ion source for silicon nanostructuring

• Joy Mukherjee,
• Safiul Alam Mollick,
• Tanmoy Basu and
• Tapobrata Som

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 484–494, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.37

• entire phenomenon can be summarized through the equation λ = (σ·n)−1, where λ is the mean free path of the ions, σ is the recombination cross section, and n is the density of the ions inside the plasma [32][33][34]. The mean free path of the ions, determined by the recombination cross section and density

Effect of additives on the synthesis efficiency of nanoparticles by laser-induced reduction

• Rikuto Kuroda,
• Takahiro Nakamura,
• Hideki Ina and
• Shuhei Shibata

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 464–472, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.35

• using LRL has been improved from 1 mg/h [18], when this phenomenon was first discovered, to 20 mg/h through improvements to the optical system and scale-up. However, further improvements in the synthesis efficiency of nanoparticles are an urgent issue to put the nanoparticles synthesized by LRL to

Vortex lattices of layered HTSCs at different vortex–vortex interaction potentials

• Valerii P. Lenkov,
• Anastasia N. Maksimova,
• Anna N. Moroz and
• Vladimir A. Kashurnikov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 362–370, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.27

• the measurements. The vortex system was studied by measuring the magnetization of the sample. The relaxation rate of the magnetization caused by the process of thermally activated creep of the magnetic flux was also measured. In this case, the phenomenon of collective creep of vortex bundles was

Enhancing mechanical properties of chitosan/PVA electrospun nanofibers: a comprehensive review

• Nur Areisman Mohd Salleh,
• Amalina Muhammad Afifi,
• Fathiah Mohamed Zuki and
• Hanna Sofia SalehHudin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 286–307, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.22

• high solubility [53]. This phenomenon makes it difficult to electrospin chitosan because of its high viscosity [54]. Moreover, the formation of strong hydrogen bonds in a 3D network contributes to difficulties in the mobility of polymeric chains when an electric field is applied [55]. Because of these

• chitosan dissolved in acetic acid in a 1:4 ratio. The solution was electrospun into nanofibers, and plasma treatment was carried out using DBD plasma with O2 gas. The treated electrospun nanofiber exhibited a 15.6% increase in tensile strength and a 37.3% increase in modulus. This phenomenon can be

Synthesis and the impact of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles on the viability and activity of rhizobacteria

• Bedah Rupaedah,
• Indrika Novella,
• Atiek Rostika Noviyanti,
• Diana Rakhmawaty Eddy,
• Anna Safarrida,
• Abdul Hapid,
• Zhafira Amila Haqqa,
• Suryana Suryana,
• Irwan Kurnia and
• Fathiyah Inayatirrahmi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 216–228, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.17

• to the nHA carrier material is not fully understood. However, the structure of nHA, characterized by its voids and crevices, provides an environment conducive to the growth and survival of rhizobacteria, a phenomenon known as biological fixation [33]. Figure 6, along with Table 3 and Table 4, shows

Recent advances in photothermal nanomaterials for ophthalmic applications

• Jiayuan Zhuang,
• Linhui Jia,
• Chenghao Li,
• Rui Yang,
• Jiapeng Wang,
• Wen-an Wang,
• Heng Zhou and
• Xiangxia Luo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 195–215, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.16

• the full spectrum [40]. This phenomenon occurs as the electromagnetic field of incident light induces forced oscillations in the free electrons on the metal surface [41][42]. When the frequency of the incident light aligns with the intrinsic oscillation frequency of these surface electrons [43], it

A review of metal-organic frameworks and polymers in mixed matrix membranes for CO₂ capture

• Charlotte Skjold Qvist Christensen,
• Nicholas Hansen,
• Mahboubeh Motadayen,
• Nina Lock,
• Martin Lahn Henriksen and
• Jonathan Quinson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 155–186, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.14

Clays enhanced with niobium: potential in wastewater treatment and reuse as pigment with antibacterial activity

• Silvia Jaerger,
• Patricia Appelt,
• Mario Antônio Alves da Cunha,
• Fabián Ccahuana Ayma,
• Ricardo Schneider,
• Carla Bittencourt and
• Fauze Jacó Anaissi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 141–154, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.13

• , leading to mineralization into CO2 and H2O [8]. According to the observed results, the BEOx and BEPh samples notably exhibited higher efficiency in the adsorption process (99.01% and 99.99%, respectively) than in photocatalysis. This phenomenon can be attributed to the negative surface charge of the

Bioinspired nanofilament coatings for scale reduction on steel

• Siad Dahir Ali,
• Mette Heidemann Rasmussen,
• Jacopo Catalano,
• Christian Husum Frederiksen and
• Tobias Weidner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 25–34, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.3

• phenomenon, known as the Cassie state, results in the liquid being more in contact with air than with the solid surface, leading to high apparent contact angles [22]. The high contact angles also become apparent in Figure 1B, where a water droplet is resting on the Collembola surface. Here, we explore the

Orientation-dependent photonic bandgaps in gold-dust weevil scales and their titania bioreplicates

• Norma Salvadores Farran,
• Limin Wang,
• Primoz Pirih and
• Bodo D. Wilts

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1–10, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.1

• Information File 1, Figure S2). This phenomenon is similar to what has been previously observed in other weevils that possess diamond-type photonic crystals [14][15][30] with similar chitin filling fractions [31][32] and unit cell dimensions [15]. The elytral scales are not uniform, as they can contain single

Attempts to preserve and visualize protein corona on the surface of biological nanoparticles in blood serum using photomodification

• Julia E. Poletaeva,
• Anastasiya V. Tupitsyna,
• Alina E. Grigor’eva,
• Ilya S. Dovydenko and
• Elena I. Ryabchikova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1654–1666, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.130

• undoubtedly be useful to identify the mechanisms of this phenomenon. It was impossible to assess the proportion of EVs or different LPs carrying a protein corona in samples obtained by UC because of the presence of serum contaminants that can mask bio-NPs. Isolation of bio-NPs from sera by UC did not result

• dust-like substance (Figure 6l) were associated. Chylomicrons were observed after all four repetitions of the isolation of bio-NPs on a sucrose gradient from NBS, and the phenomenon of their separation from the surrounding contaminations is unclear. The chylomicrons were identified based on published

Natural nanofibers embedded in the seed mucilage envelope: composite hydrogels with specific adhesive and frictional properties

• Agnieszka Kreitschitz and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1603–1618, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.126

• hispanica after rehydration fully preserved its adhesive potential and macroscopic structure. This property makes chia mucilage a possible additive ingredient in food production [136]. Adhesion of the hydrated mucilage dried in contact Strong permanent adhesion of some plant parts is a well-known phenomenon

Facile synthesis of size-tunable L-carnosine-capped silver nanoparticles and their role in metal ion sensing and catalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol

• Akash Kumar,
• Ridhima Chadha,
• Abhishek Das,
• Nandita Maiti and
• Rayavarapu Raja Gopal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1576–1592, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.124

• (Figure 2a). All other samples displayed two absorption peaks, that is, the first near 400 nm and the second at 500 nm (ʟ-car-AgNP2), 530 nm (ʟ-car-AgNP3), 590 nm (ʟ-car-AgNP4), and 650 nm (ʟ-car-AgNP5) (Figure 2b). The observed absorption bands are attributed to LSPR. This phenomenon is an intrinsic