Nanocarriers and macrophage interaction: from a potential hurdle to an alternative therapeutic strategy

• Naths Grazia Sukubo,
• Paolo Bigini and
• Annalisa Morelli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 97–118, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.10

• demonstrated by Ji and colleagues in a mouse model of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced fibrosis, where they inhibited the proliferation of fibroblasts [46]. An alternative to depletion is the inhibition of KCs through chloroquine, an antimalaria agent that inhibits macrophage-specific endocytosis, or

Biomimetic nanocarriers: integrating natural functions for advanced therapeutic applications

• Hugo Felix Perini,
• Beatriz Sodré Matos,
• Carlo José Freire de Oliveira and
• Marcos Vinicius da Silva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1619–1626, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.127

• nanoparticle was demonstrated by inhibiting proliferation through negative regulation of cyclin D1, halting the G0/G1 cell cycle in HeLa and SiHa cervical cancer cells [67][68]. Biomimetic-specific targets provide opportunities for personalized cancer therapies [10][11][12]. Coated nanocarriers have also been

Liver-targeting iron oxide nanoparticles and their complexes with plant extracts for biocompatibility

• Shushanik A. Kazaryan,
• Seda A. Oganian,
• Gayane S. Vardanyan,
• Anatolie S. Sidorenko and
• Ashkhen A. Hovhannisyan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1593–1602, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.125

• activity, membrane leakage, and morphological changes. Toxic NPs can adversely affect cell viability, proliferation rate, and metabolic activity; also, they can reduce the therapeutic efficiency of the treatment [55]. The toxicity of NPs on biological entities fundamentally depends on the characteristics

Realizing active targeting in cancer nanomedicine with ultrasmall nanoparticles

• André F. Lima,
• Giselle Z. Justo and
• Alioscka A. Sousa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1208–1226, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.98

• signaling axis plays a crucial role in cancer development by facilitating the proliferation and invasion of tumor cells and recruiting immunosuppressive cells, thus representing a significant opportunity for targeted therapy [160]. Results from a mouse model of TNBC showed improved tumor uptake of 64Cu

Recent updates in applications of nanomedicine for the treatment of hepatic fibrosis

• Damai Ria Setyawati,
• Fransiska Christydira Sekaringtyas,
• Riyona Desvy Pratiwi,
• A’liyatur Rosyidah,
• Rohimmahtunnissa Azhar,
• Nunik Gustini,
• Gita Syahputra,
• Idah Rosidah,
• Etik Mardliyati,
• Tarwadi and
• Sjaikhurrizal El Muttaqien

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1105–1116, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.89

• the activation of HSCs is the most important strategy in liver fibrosis therapy. It includes both inhibition of HSC proliferation and of pro-fibrogenic cytokine and growth factor secretion. In the last few years, the research on interferon γ (IFNγ), the angiotensin II-receptor antagonist Losartan

• effects of TiO2 NPs, with diameters around 20 and 200 nm, and SiO2 NPs on proliferation, fibrosis, adhesion, and migration of LX-2 cells as a model of HSC activation were studied. The results show that the internalization of both TiO2 NPs and SiO2 NPs suppressed classical outcomes of cellular fibrosis

• overexpressed in activated HSCs and strongly related to the transformation of HSCs into matrix-producing myofibroblasts during liver fibrinogenesis [68][69]. The HSC-mediated antifibrotic drugs work through several mechanisms, including inhibition of fibrogenesis (ECM synthesis), inhibition of HSC proliferation

Interface properties of nanostructured carbon-coated biological implants: an overview

• Mattia Bartoli,
• Francesca Cardano,
• Erik Piatti,
• Stefania Lettieri,
• Andrea Fin and
• Alberto Tagliaferro

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1041–1053, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.85

• environment is a dynamic and complex area, where several biological, physical, and chemical interactions can take place simultaneously, including immunological response [27], mechanical mismatch with the tissue [28], degradation [29], responses to stimuli [30], and proliferation of bacteria [31]. In the next

• particle sizes on macrophage proliferation, platelets aggregations, and inflammatory cytokine release. NDs significantly reduced the concentration of platelet-derived growth factor compared to serum. Also, there was a complex dependence of macrophage responses on local concentration and size of the NDs

• response. The mechanisms involved in inflammation related to NDs are not yet clear, but authors suggest that the process is started by serum protein deposition triggering the inflammatory cascade. Moreover, polymeric films containing NDs were optimum substrates for osteoblast proliferation as reported by

Therapeutic effect of F127-folate@PLGA/CHL/IR780 nanoparticles on folate receptor-expressing cancer cells

• Thi Ngoc Han Pham,
• Phuong-Thao Dang-Luong,
• Hong-Phuc Nguyen,
• Loc Le-Tuan,
• Xuan Thang Cao,
• Thanh-Danh Nguyen,
• Vy Tran Anh and
• Hieu Vu_Quang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 954–964, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.78

• the cells. Folic acid plays an important role in cancer cells; it takes part in cell proliferation, methylation for gene expression, DNA replication, oxidative stress, and DNA mutation. Many studies and cancer drugs, therefore, have used folic acid as a targeting ligand for the folate receptor, which

• the chemotherapy drug CHL. IR780 exhibits fluorescence in the infrared region, which is suitable for pre-clinical applications [12][13]. CHL in cancer treatment attaches to the DNA double strands and prevents them from splitting, disrupting the division and proliferation of cancer cells [12][13

Electrospun nanofibers: building blocks for the repair of bone tissue

• Tuğrul Mert Serim,
• Gülin Amasya,
• Tuğba Eren-Böncü,
• Ceyda Tuba Şengel-Türk and
• Ayşe Nurten Özdemir

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 941–953, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.77

• because of their extremely large surface area-to-volume ratio, small pore size, and high porosity. Nanofibers are known to be highly functional systems with the ability to mimic the structure and function of the natural bone matrix, facilitating osteogenesis for cell proliferation and bone regeneration

• delivery systems [1][2][3][4][5]. Because of the structural properties of nanofibers, which enable cell growth and proliferation, their use in tissue engineering, especially regarding bone tissue, is quite common [2]. Nanofiber scaffolds may carry active substances such as cells for tissue repair

• systems because of their extremely large surface area-to-volume ratio, small pore size, and high porosity. Nanofibers are known to be highly functional systems with the ability to mimic the structure and function of the natural bone matrix and to facilitate osteogenesis for cell proliferation and bone

Synthesis of silver–palladium Janus nanoparticles using co-sputtering of independent sources: experimental and theorical study

• Maria J. Martínez-Carreón,
• Francisco Solís-Pomar,
• Abel Fundora,
• Claudio D. Gutiérrez-Lazos,
• Sergio Mejía-Rosales,
• Hector N. Fernández-Escamilla,
• Jonathan Guerrero-Sánchez,
• Manuel F. Meléndrez and
• Eduardo Pérez-Tijerina

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 808–816, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.67

• promote twin proliferation, which favored the production of Pd−Au Janus icosahedra. In the same experimental setup, they also promoted twin elongation, which aided the production anisotropic Pd@Au core–shell starfish-like structures. As it is known, icosahedral nanoparticles are formed by 20 tetrahedral

Electrospun polysuccinimide scaffolds containing different salts as potential wound dressing material

• Veronika Pálos,
• Krisztina S. Nagy,
• Rita Pázmány,
• Krisztina Juriga-Tóth,
• Bálint Budavári,
• Judit Domokos,
• Dóra Szabó,
• Ákos Zsembery and
• Angela Jedlovszky-Hajdu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 781–796, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.65

• adhesion, growth, proliferation, and differentiation. The electrospinning technique offers the possibility of using the formed scaffold as a wound dressing with fibers of proper size and morphology. The porous nature of the scaffold enables the drainage of wound fluids and facilitates the entry of oxygen

• strategies to fight bacterial pathogens with similar effects to antibiotics and silver is essential. In our study, inorganic salts, namely Zn(O2CCH3)2 and Sr(NO3)2, were added to the polymer fibers. These salts possess antibacterial properties and stimulate cell proliferation as well as tissue regeneration

• , USA); trypsin/EDTA solution (Sigma-Aldrich, USA); cell proliferation reagent WST-1 (Roche, Switzerland); and ultra-purified water (Zineer Power I Water Purification System). All reagents were used without any further purification. Polysuccinimide synthesis The PSI was produced by thermal

Radiofrequency enhances drug release from responsive nanoflowers for hepatocellular carcinoma therapy

• Yanyan Wen,
• Ningning Song,
• Yueyou Peng,
• Weiwei Wu,
• Qixiong Lin,
• Minjie Cui,
• Rongrong Li,
• Qiufeng Yu,
• Sixue Wu,
• Yongkang Liang,
• Wei Tian and
• Yanfeng Meng

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 569–579, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.49

• significantly suppressed HCC cell proliferation. Moreover, CUR-Fe@MnO2 NFs were effective T1/T2 contrast agents for molecular magnetic resonance imaging due to the release of Mn2+ and Fe3O4 NCs. Keywords: curcumin; hepatocellular carcinoma; magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); radiofrequency (RF) hyperthermia

Classification and application of metal-based nanoantioxidants in medicine and healthcare

• Nguyen Nhat Nam,
• Nguyen Khoi Song Tran,
• Tan Tai Nguyen,
• Nguyen Ngoc Trai,
• Nguyen Phuong Thuy,
• Hoang Dang Khoa Do,
• Nhu Hoa Thi Tran and
• Kieu The Loan Trinh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 396–415, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.36

• strongly to high levels of ROS that can cause damage to DNA molecules resulting in abnormal cell proliferation. Various studies reported that oxidative damage can have a deleterious effect on cancer development through raising genetic mutations, abnormal protein functions, and tumor growth [164][165

Exploring the relationships between physiochemical properties of nanoparticles and cell damage to combat cancer growth using simple periodic table-based descriptors

• Joyita Roy and
• Kunal Roy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 297–309, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.27

• systems. Metal NPs can lead to greater signal amplification, greater sensitivity, and higher detection. However, NPs with properties that generate ROS can increase cell damage. In cancer cells, rapid proliferation leads to an imbalance of oxygen, abnormal structure, and blood supply, making the tumor

Vinorelbine-loaded multifunctional magnetic nanoparticles as anticancer drug delivery systems: synthesis, characterization, and in vitro release study

• Zeynep Özcan and
• Afife Binnaz Hazar Yoruç

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 256–269, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.24

• uncontrolled proliferation of aberrant cells, which can spread to diverse body regions, encompassing over a hundred distinct forms [1][2]. Current cancer treatments lack a complete approach, as they mostly rely on radiotherapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and surgery in clinical environments [3]. While these

• cancer cell growth, slowing their proliferation and disrupting mitotic regulation, leading to the stimulation of the tumor suppressor gene p53 and the inhibition or inactivation of various signaling pathways [31][32]. Its widespread adoption in medicine can be attributed to its strong therapeutic

Berberine-loaded polylactic acid nanofiber scaffold as a drug delivery system: The relationship between chemical characteristics, drug-release behavior, and antibacterial efficiency

• Le Thi Le,
• Hue Thi Nguyen,
• Liem Thanh Nguyen,
• Huy Quang Tran and
• Thuy Thi Thu Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 71–82, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.7

• cytotoxicity test revealed that the BBR NPs/PLA nanofiber scaffold did not induce any changes in morphology and proliferation of MA-104 cell monolayers. It suggests that the BBR/PLA and BBR NPs/PLA nanofiber scaffolds can be used in different biomedical applications, such as wound dressing, drug delivery

• , nanofiber scaffolds can act as a multifunctional tool in medical treatments, combining drug release for disease therapy, cell proliferation, wound healing, and antimicrobial effect [21][22][23][24][25]. Nanofibers of PLA functionalized with laponite (LAP)/amoxicillin (AMX) prolonged the drug release up to

• phases. The exponential phase occurred in the first 12 h when the cell numbers were doubled after each generation time. After that, the stationary phase was reached when the number of growth cells was almost equal to that of dead cells. The proliferation of MRSA incubated in the nutrient broth with the

Curcumin-loaded nanostructured systems for treatment of leishmaniasis: a review

• Douglas Dourado,
• Thayse Silva Medeiros,
• Éverton do Nascimento Alencar,
• Edijane Matos Sales and
• Fábio Rocha Formiga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 37–50, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.4

• reactive oxygen/nitrogen metabolites, (ii) increased phagocytic activity, and (iii) increased lymphocyte proliferation [45]. Furthermore, curc-E-PLGA-NPs proved to be effective as an adjuvant in the therapy against leishmaniasis. Like curc, other leishmanicidal drugs have been encapsulated into polymeric

Hierarchically patterned polyurethane microgrooves featuring nanopillars or nanoholes for neurite elongation and alignment

• Lester Uy Vinzons,
• Guo-Chung Dong and
• Shu-Ping Lin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1157–1168, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.96

• compartments, such as the nucleus, filopodia, and focal adhesions, resulting in the modulation of signal cascades that leads to changes in cell proliferation, attachment, orientation, and differentiation, among others [2]. In nerve tissue engineering, the implant micro- and nanotopography serve as physical

• ], poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanodots enhanced the proliferation and neurite sprouting of Neuro-2a cells [7], and oriented elliptical Si microcones induced alignment and increased fasciculation in rat superior cervical ganglion axons [8]. With their effects complementing those of continuous structures

• showed good viability and proliferation on the nanostructured PU films, especially on the PU nanoholes (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S6). After differentiation, PC12 cells extended beta-III tubulin positive neurites, with longer neurites appearing on the nanostructured substrates (Figure 2A–C

Curcumin-loaded albumin submicron particles with potential as a cancer therapy: an in vitro study

• Nittiya Suwannasom,
• Netsai Sriaksorn,
• Chutamas Thepmalee,
• Krissana Khoothiam,
• Ausanai Prapan,
• Hans Bäumler and
• Chonthida Thephinlap

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1127–1140, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.93

• especially anticancer potential [1][2]. Several in vivo and in vitro studies in recent years have demonstrated that CUR can influence cancer cell proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis, and metastasis [3]. It has been reported that CUR exerts anticancer effects in human breast cancer cells (MCF-7) by

• stability and solubility [9]. The complexation occurs mainly through hydrophobic interactions in protein cavities [10][11]. In a recent study, zein nanoparticles loaded with CUR have been studied for their potential in treating brain tumors, and the results have demonstrated a reduction in the proliferation

• . After 24 h, free CUR significantly decreased cell proliferation from 40% to 6% (Huh-7, Figure 6A) and 50% to 5% (MCF-7, Figure 6C) at concentrations of 12.5 and 100 μg/mL, respectively. However, CUR-HSA-MPs, at an equivalent concentration of CUR, significantly decreased cell proliferation from 51% to 21

Antibody-conjugated nanoparticles for target-specific drug delivery of chemotherapeutics

• Mamta Kumari,
• Amitabha Acharya and
• Praveen Thaggikuppe Krishnamurthy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 912–926, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.75

• nanoformulation provided site-specific delivery via receptor-mediated endocytosis and inhibited proliferation and metastasis in tumors that expressed a specific tumor antigen. The use of adaptor molecules to functionalize antibodies resulted in a highly stable conjugation with improved therapeutic efficacy [69

Green SPIONs as a novel highly selective treatment for leishmaniasis: an in vitro study against Leishmania amazonensis intracellular amastigotes

• Brunno R. F. Verçoza,
• Robson R. Bernardo,
• Luiz Augusto S. de Oliveira and
• Juliany C. F. Rodrigues

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 893–903, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.73

• effects on cell proliferation, infectivity percentage, and ultrastructure. SPIONs were internalized by both parasite stages, randomly distributed in the cytosol and located mainly in membrane-bound compartments. The selectivity index for intracellular amastigotes was more than 240 times higher compared to

• antiproliferative effects of SPIONs in L. amazonensis promastigotes and intracellular amastigotes. Despite being internalized by promastigotes, SPIONs did not affect the cell proliferation of the parasites (Figure 4A). A completely different result was observed for intracellular amastigotes, where the reduction in

Nanoarchitectonics to entrap living cells in silica-based systems: encapsulations with yolk–shell and sepiolite nanomaterials

• Celia Martín-Morales,
• Jorge Fernández-Méndez,
• Pilar Aranda and
• Eduardo Ruiz-Hitzky

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 522–534, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.43

• to the previous day, that is, there was no cell proliferation, and the escape of cells from the matrix was negligible. In the case of neat yolk–shell encapsulated cells, the cell leakage has been evaluated mixing the particles in the tube and observing an increase in the absorbance of the supernatant

• above the sedimented particles. This way, a “−“ sign indicates no appreciable cell proliferation in the growth medium besides the cells already encapsulated in the yolk–shell microstructures. All these critical features have been studied and compared among the different systems over a course of ten days

Plasmonic nanotechnology for photothermal applications – an evaluation

• A. R. Indhu,
• L. Keerthana and
• Gnanaprakash Dharmalingam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 380–419, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.33

• various material phenomena other than bandgap absorption for heat generation in nanoparticles (NPs), leading to a rapid proliferation of materials for the same. For example, organic materials undergo rapid internal relaxation by the PT effect and are often desired in cancer treatment research as they

Quercetin- and caffeic acid-functionalized chitosan-capped colloidal silver nanoparticles: one-pot synthesis, characterization, and anticancer and antibacterial activities

• Akif Hakan Kurt,
• Elif Berna Olutas,
• Fatma Avcioglu,
• Hamza Karakuş,
• Mehmet Ali Sungur,
• Cansu Kara Oztabag and
• Muhammet Yıldırım

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 362–376, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.31

• acid hydrate, Cell Proliferation Kit II test (Roche). XTT solution was added to each plate at 50 µL and was incubated for 4 h at 37 °C. Then, the absorbance (optical density, OD) of the solution in each plate was read at 450 nm by a spectrophotometer (BiotekELx800, Winooski, VT, USA). Statistical

• and their viability, as it greatly simplifies the procedure for measuring proliferation over MTT, reduces assay time, and increases the sensitivity of the assay [73]. In this study, the dose-dependent cell viabilities of human brain glioblastoma (U-118 MG) and human retinal pigment epithelium (ARPE-19

Recent progress in cancer cell membrane-based nanoparticles for biomedical applications

• Qixiong Lin,
• Yueyou Peng,
• Yanyan Wen,
• Xiaoqiong Li,
• Donglian Du,
• Weibin Dai,
• Wei Tian and
• Yanfeng Meng

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 262–279, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.24

• being presented to antigen-presenting cells (APCs), will promote the proliferation and infiltration of active T cells in the TME and induce an antigen-specific antitumor response [33][45]. This natural advantage also makes cancer cell membranes useful in nanoimmunotherapy, which can induce specific

• responses after the presentation and delivery of leukemia membrane-associated antigens by APCs [59]. These bionanoparticles showed the advantage of multiple antigens and significantly prolonged survival. MM, a malignant proliferation of plasma cells derived from the bone marrow, is the second most common

Nanotechnology – a robust tool for fighting the challenges of drug resistance in non-small cell lung cancer

• Filip Gorachinov,
• Fatima Mraiche,
• Diala Alhaj Moustafa,
• Ola Hishari,
• Yomna Ismail,
• Jensa Joseph,
• Maja Simonoska Crcarevska,
• Marija Glavas Dodov,
• Nikola Geskovski and
• Katerina Goracinova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 240–261, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.23

• proliferation and survival mechanisms on which the cancer cells are heavily dependent. The efficacy of existing small molecules in synergistic combinations for relevant genetic mutations in resistant cancers has been evaluated in many research and clinical studies, with promising results in some types of mutant

• the limitations of the conjugates [68][69]. Cytotoxic or molecular targeting agents with siRNA Targeting homologous mRNA sequences in cells and knockdown of receptors involved in cell survival and proliferation using RNA interference downregulates receptor protein expression, inhibits cell growth, and

• cycle progression and proliferation [78]. Therefore, it is expected that KRAS-mutated tumors would not respond to EGFR TKIs. Patients with KRAS-mutant NSCLC can benefit from direct KRAS inhibitors, such as sotorasib, which lock KRAS in its inactive GDP-bound form. However, a heterogeneous resistance