Tin dioxide nanomaterial-based photocatalysts for nitrogen oxide oxidation: a review

• Viet Van Pham,
• Hong-Huy Tran,
• Thao Kim Truong and
• Thi Minh Cao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 96–113, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.7

• coordinated threefold with surface tin (Sn 5f); 4-oxygen coordinated fivefold with surface tin (Sn 5f). Figure 4b was reprinted from [53], Surface Science, vol. 577, by Mäki-Jaskari, M. A.; Rantala, T. T.; Golovanov, V. V. “Computational study of charge accumulation at SnO2(110) surface”, pages 127–138

Biocompatibility and cytotoxicity in vitro of surface-functionalized drug-loaded spinel ferrite nanoparticles

• Sadaf Mushtaq,
• Khuram Shahzad,
• Tariq Saeed,
• Anwar Ul-Hamid,
• Bilal Haider Abbasi,
• Nafees Ahmad,
• Waqas Khalid,
• Muhammad Atif,
• Zulqurnain Ali and
• Rashda Abbasi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1339–1364, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.99

Electrical, electrochemical and structural studies of a chlorine-derived ionic liquid-based polymer gel electrolyte

• Ashish Gupta,
• Amrita Jain,
• Manju Kumari and
• Santosh K. Tripathi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1252–1261, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.92

• space charge polarization). As the frequency decreases, more and more charge accumulation occurs at the electrode and electrolyte interfaces, which leads to a decrease in the number of mobile ions and eventually to a drop in the conductivity at low-frequency values. In the high-frequency region, the

Morphology-driven gas sensing by fabricated fractals: A review

• Vishal Kamathe and
• Rupali Nagar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1187–1208, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.88

• structure, inherent rough surfaces, and gaps acting as diffusion channels. Gas-sensing mechanism of fractal structures There are a number of models to explain the function of conductometric SMO gas sensors. For instance, electron depletion layer (for n-type materials) or hole accumulation layer theory (for

Irradiation-driven molecular dynamics simulation of the FEBID process for Pt(PF₃)₄

• Alexey Prosvetov,
• Alexey V. Verkhovtsev,
• Gennady Sushko and
• Andrey V. Solov’yov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1151–1172, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.86

• electrons leading to slow fragmentation and accumulation of the residual precursors. In the case of the molecule-limited regime, the number of secondary electrons exceeds the number of adsorbed precursors, causing dissociation of a larger number of molecules. The realistic experimental time scale for the

• . New precursor molecules are deposited over the area of 14 nm × 14 nm to cover the beam spot while preventing the accumulation of the non-fragmented molecules along the perimeter of the simulation box where the fragmentation probability is very low (see Figure 3B). The density of new molecular layers

• accumulation of Pt atoms enabling the formation of larger metal clusters. The growth of the deposits can be quantified by the total number of atoms and the number of metal atoms in the largest cluster. Figure 5 shows the evolution of maximal cluster size for Edep = 205 and 300 kcal/mol as a function of

Self-assembly of amino acids toward functional biomaterials

• Huan Ren,
• Lifang Wu,
• Lina Tan,
• Yanni Bao,
• Yuchen Ma,
• Yong Jin and
• Qianli Zou

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1140–1150, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.85

• , facilitating tumor therapy. Selective tumor accumulation was still observed up to 12 h in mice injected with fluorescently labeled (FL-labeled) B-Cur NPs or S-Cur NPs, while mice injected with FL-labeled curcumin showed no significant tumor accumulation after 4 h. In addition, antitumor activity experiments

• exhibited high accumulation and ultra-long tumor retention effects. Importantly, animal experiments demonstrated complete eradication of tumor in mice after injection of PWG NPs and laser irradiation, demonstrating the efficacy of PWG nanoparticles in vivo. Indocyanine green (ICG) is widely used in

• linked by ester bonds, which help to maintain the camptothecin ring stability. The assembly can effectively enhance blood circulation, tumor accumulation and cellular uptake. In addition, arginine-modified camptothecin can be combined with anionic cisplatin–polyglutamic acid through electrostatic

pH-driven enhancement of anti-tubercular drug loading on iron oxide nanoparticles for drug delivery in macrophages

• Karishma Berta Cotta,
• Sarika Mehra and
• Rajdip Bandyopadhyaya

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1127–1139, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.84

• . Furthermore, only the former (pH 5 system) exhibited a desirable slower drug release profile, compared to the free drug. NOR-coated IONPs also enable a 22 times higher drug accumulation in macrophages, compared to identical extracellular concentrations of the free drug. Thus, lowering the drug coating pH to 5

• the center-stage in drug delivery applications, wherein they can improve drug pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics and may also increase drug accumulation in both animal cells and bacteria, proving beneficial to overcome drug resistance [1][2]. Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs), due to their

• have also proven to be beneficial in overcoming multidrug resistance by enabling an increased drug uptake [8]. Similarly, physical combination of stabilized IONPs and anti-tuberculosis drugs improve intracellular drug accumulation through efflux pump inhibition [9] or by enhanced membrane

First-principles study of the structural, optoelectronic and thermophysical properties of the π-SnSe for thermoelectric applications

• Muhammad Atif Sattar,
• Najwa Al Bouzieh,
• Maamar Benkraouda and
• Noureddine Amrane

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1101–1114, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.82

• selenide (SnSe); Introduction Thermoelectric (TE) materials convert the direct and reversible heat energy into electrical energy and offer a probable solution and feasible route for power generation alternatives as well as refrigeration through the accumulation of waste heat [1][2][3] or solar energy [4

Assessment of the optical and electrical properties of light-emitting diodes containing carbon-based nanostructures and plasmonic nanoparticles: a review

• Keshav Nagpal,
• Erwan Rauwel,
• Frédérique Ducroquet and
• Protima Rauwel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1078–1092, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.80

• , higher resolution and cost-effectiveness. However, device degradation is common in both OLED and QLED due to charge accumulation in the layers. In the case of red QLED, HTL is rather stable and the device degradation rate is therefore low. On the other hand, in the blue QLED, their poor lifetime is

A Au/CuNiCoS₄/p-Si photodiode: electrical and morphological characterization

• Adem Koçyiğit,
• Adem Sarılmaz,
• Teoman Öztürk,
• Faruk Ozel and
• Murat Yıldırım

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 984–994, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.74

• range of 10 kHz to 1 MHz at voltages from −5 to 5 V. The C–V characteristics revealed that the capacitance values did not change in accumulation and depletion regions when changing voltage and frequency but increased suddenly in the inversion region and exhibited peaks. The intensity of the peaks

• attributed to interface states [38][39]. The conductance–voltage (G–V) graphs of the Au/CuNiCoS4/p-Si photodiode for different frequencies are displayed in Figure 10. Again, the conductance values did not change in the accumulation and depletion regions. However, the conductance values change in the

• region because of interface states [45]. The peak positions shifted towards the inversion region. Furthermore, the Ri values almost did not change in the inversion region but suddenly increased in the depletion region and stayed almost constant in the accumulation region. Photocurrent and

Is the Ne operation of the helium ion microscope suitable for electron backscatter diffraction sample preparation?

• Annalena Wolff

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 965–983, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.73

• sputtering yield, see Table 1) are both likely to contribute to a lower overall amount of Ne accumulation in the sample, making bubble formation as well as interstitials less likely. The FSD image of the sample (Figure 7n) shows the difference between the polished and unpolished sample area. The EBSD IPF X

Self-assembly of Eucalyptus gunnii wax tubules and pure ß-diketone on HOPG and glass

• Miriam Anna Huth,
• Axel Huth and
• Kerstin Koch

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 939–949, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.70

• formed tubules similar to those on E. gunnii leaves. Deviating platelet-shaped and layered structures not found on leaves were also formed, especially on areas with high mass accumulation. High-resolution AFM images of recrystallized ß-diketone tubules are presented for the first time. The data showed

• mass deposition, also known as “coffee ring effect” [36], was visible in low magnification. In areas of very high mass accumulation, both substances assembled into plates with a random orientation and into tubules on both substrates. On areas with lower mass accumulation, different structures were

• mass accumulation, single tubules grew horizontally on the substrate. As observed on HOPG, ß-diketone formed many horizontally grown tubules on glass. They were very close together and a few tubules protruded upwards (Figure 2d). Furthermore, densely arranged plates with tubules in between or growing

Comprehensive review on ultrasound-responsive theranostic nanomaterials: mechanisms, structures and medical applications

• Sepand Tehrani Fateh,
• Lida Moradi,
• Elmira Kohan,
• Michael R. Hamblin and
• Amin Shiralizadeh Dezfuli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 808–862, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.64

• another study, the authors assessed the effect of Pluronic P105 micelle-encapsulated doxorubicin (DOX) in the presence of US for the treatment of breast adenocarcinoma tumors in adult female BALB/c mice. The results showed significantly increased accumulation of DOX in the tumor and lower concentrations

• fluid, density of the sphere, and the distance between the center of a sphere and the nearest velocity node plane of the standing sound wave. The theory of King explained this phenomenon and provided some insight about the accumulation of particles in nodes and antinodes of sound fields. Afterward

• MBs can be loaded with cargo and also modified with specific ligands for targeting [178]. The use of MBs in combination with other types of NPs could also provide additional possibilities. These hybrids could enhance the accumulation, penetration, and uptake of nanomedicines [179][180][181]. These

Electromigration-induced formation of percolating adsorbate islands during condensation from the gaseous phase: a computational study

• Alina V. Dvornichenko,
• Vasyl O. Kharchenko and
• Dmitrii O. Kharchenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 694–703, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.55

• neighboring vacancies in the direction of electron flow leading to an accumulation of atoms at the anode and vacancies at the cathode [1][2]. Current trends in computer technology, namely, reducing the size of integrated circuits, increasing their power, and increasing the density of elements, have led to an

Nanogenerator-based self-powered sensors for data collection

• Yicheng Shao,
• Maoliang Shen,
• Yuankai Zhou,
• Xin Cui,
• Lijie Li and
• Yan Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 680–693, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.54

• through material optimization and charge-accumulation strategies [4][62][64][68][69]. In addition, TENGs can be directly used as sensors. For example, TENGs can collect irregular and low-frequency wave energy to generate electricity from blue energy [70]. Self-powered sensors based on TENGs can collect

Fate and transformation of silver nanoparticles in different biological conditions

• Barbara Pem,
• Marija Ćurlin,
• Darija Domazet Jurašin,
• Valerije Vrček,
• Rinea Barbir,
• Vedran Micek,
• Raluca M. Fratila,
• Jesus M. de la Fuente and
• Ivana Vinković Vrček

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 665–679, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.53

• drug abuse [21]. Animal experiments demonstrated Ag accumulation in the liver, kidneys, brain, and testis after oral exposure to AgNPs; however, the chemical form of Ag remained undefined in these cases [22]. In media of high ionic strength and low pH the AgNPs aggregate and/or dissolve [23]. Under

• -dense cubic or spherical structures were not found in the liver of control animals, meaning that they originate from the accumulation and biotransformation of AgNPs. Indeed, Prucek et al. [43] reported rapid crystallization of primary AgNPs to a one-order larger crystals in NaCl-rich media, in which a

A review of defect engineering, ion implantation, and nanofabrication using the helium ion microscope

• Frances I. Allen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 633–664, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.52

• were so low, the change in optical properties was attributed to the local accumulation of defects (as opposed to collisional phase mixing). In a plasmonic application, resonant triangular nanostructures were created in a graphene sheet supported on SiO2/Si by selectively irradiating the graphene in the

• modify the mechanical, electronic, and magnetic properties of these materials [73]. In this work, the focus was on characterizing the accumulation of defects and structural changes for increasing dose, using correlative Raman spectroscopy and TEM. The effect of sample thinning due to sputtering on the

• of varying the beam energy on the subsurface damage process [77]. For high-dose implantation at high beam energies (35 keV), blister formation was observed, as in [16]. This is explained by the formation and accumulation of helium nanobubbles beneath the surface that cannot escape, and which coalesce

A review on nanostructured silver as a basic ingredient in medicine: physicochemical parameters and characterization

• Gabriel M. Misirli,
• Kishore Sridharan and
• Shirley M. P. Abrantes

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 440–461, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.36

• that AgNPs produce reactive oxygen species (ROS). The accumulation of intracellular ROS is well known as an important regulator of apoptosis [72]. The production of oxidative species may be due to trapped electrons in the respiratory chain. Antioxidant enzymes are unlikely to detoxify species generated

The impact of molecular tumor profiling on the design strategies for targeting myeloid leukemia and EGFR/CD44-positive solid tumors

• Nikola Geskovski,
• Nadica Matevska-Geshkovska,
• Simona Dimchevska Sazdovska,
• Marija Glavas Dodov,
• Kristina Mladenovska and
• Katerina Goracinova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 375–401, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.31

• macrophages protrude through the vascular endothelial wall to gain access and monitor blood circulation [24]. Hussain et al demonstrated that perisinusoidal macrophages are responsible for the accumulation of the chylomicrons in the BM and, hence, play a crucial role in the delivery of lipids, as a source of

• estimate that the high levels of BM accumulation for this liposome formulation were probably due to the presence of 20% DSPG in the liposomal bilayer. This yields an overall anionic surface, which is known to have an affinity for the scavenger receptor on BM macrophages. Other polyanions, such as dextran

• activating the extracellular domain of membranous EGFR and influencing the EGFR signaling pathways through increased endocytosis (receptor internalization) and cytoplasmic accumulation of EGFR. In the study of Yokoyama et al. paramagnetic gold-coated plasmonic NPs (40–50 nm) with iron core and anti-EGFR

Nickel nanoparticle-decorated reduced graphene oxide/WO₃ nanocomposite – a promising candidate for gas sensing

• Ilka Simon,
• Alexandr Savitsky,
• Rolf Mülhaupt,
• Vladimir Pankov and
• Christoph Janiak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 343–353, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.28

• consideration. When Ni@rGO/WO3 sensors are exposed to NO2, with NO2, which is a strong oxidizing gas accepts electrons from WO3. As a result, NO2 transforms into NO2− on the surface of WO3. This process leads to accumulation of holes and an increase in sensor sensitivity. In addition, the rGO/WO3 contact also

Differences in surface chemistry of iron oxide nanoparticles result in different routes of internalization

• Barbora Svitkova,
• Vlasta Zavisova,
• Veronika Nemethova,
• Martina Koneracka,
• Miroslava Kretova,
• Filip Razga,
• Monika Ursinyova and
• Alena Gabelova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 270–281, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.22

• functionalization to increase their accumulation in the tumor mass [3]. Numerous coating moieties have been employed to modify the surface properties of MNPs [16]. Among them, polyethylene glycol (PEG), a non-degradable polyether of the monomer ethylene glycol, and bovine serum albumin (BSA), a versatile protein

• F was higher than that of N. Interestingly, MBCD could neither inhibit the cellular internalization of Tr nor that of ChT. Application of Dyn resulted in the accumulation of Tr as well as that of ChT in larger spots, probably in the clathrin-coated pits/caveolae at the inner side of the membrane

• Dyn, the signal of RITC-BSA-SO-MNPs and FITC–clathrin was co-localized on the cell membrane (yellow signal), indicating the accumulation of a fraction of nanoparticles in the clathrin-coated pits (Figure 3D). The pattern of the co-localization signal of RITC-BSA-SO-MNPs and FITC–clathrin implied that

Imaging of SARS-CoV-2 infected Vero E6 cells by helium ion microscopy

• Natalie Frese,
• Patrick Schmerer,
• Martin Wortmann,
• Matthias Schürmann,
• Matthias König,
• Michael Westphal,
• Friedemann Weber,
• Holger Sudhoff and
• Armin Gölzhäuser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 172–179, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.13

• resolution of the HIM, compared to the SEM [23]. A further benefit of HIM is its charge compensation capability during secondary electron detection. SEM imaging of biological specimen usually necessitates a thin conductive coating to prevent negative charge accumulation from the impinging electrons. Such

Paper-based triboelectric nanogenerators and their applications: a review

• Jing Han,
• Nuo Xu,
• Yuchen Liang,
• Mei Ding,
• Junyi Zhai,
• Qijun Sun and
• Zhong Lin Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 151–171, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.12

• smaller value, which indicated that the TENG-powered cathodic protection system has obvious anticorrosion properties. Marine fouling, caused by metal contamination and accumulation of biological organisms, is a major challenge for the oceanic ecosystem. With the growing threat to the environment caused by

A review on the green and sustainable synthesis of silver nanoparticles and one-dimensional silver nanostructures

• Sina Kaabipour and
• Shohreh Hemmati

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 102–136, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.9

Bulk chemical composition contrast from attractive forces in AFM force spectroscopy

• Dorothee Silbernagl,
• Media Ghasem Zadeh Khorasani,
• Natalia Cano Murillo,
• Anna Maria Elert and
• Heinz Sturm

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 58–71, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.5

• boehmite (green bars) are unambiguously distinguishable, since they show distinct distributions which do not overlap. The correlation of both parameters, the kr/Fattr diagram (the top-right panel of Figure 2c) shows a very distinctive pattern of accumulation points for the different materials. This method