The nanoscaled metal-organic framework ICR-2 as a carrier of porphyrins for photodynamic therapy

• Jan Hynek,
• Sebastian Jurík,
• Martina Koncošová,
• Jaroslav Zelenka,
• Ivana Křížová,
• Tomáš Ruml,
• Kaplan Kirakci,
• Ivo Jakubec,
• František Kovanda,
• Kamil Lang and
• Jan Demel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2960–2967, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.275

• light [23]. Alternatively, the antitumor activity of porphyrinic PCN-224 was increased by combining photodynamic and photothermal effects with chemotherapy; in this case the MOF was deposited onto gold nanorods and impregnated with a chemotherapeutic agent [24]. Strong phototoxic effects were reported

Hybrid Au@alendronate nanoparticles as dual chemo-photothermal agent for combined cancer treatment

• Anouchka Plan Sangnier,
• Romain Aufaure,
• Laurence Motte,
• Claire Wilhelm,
• Erwann Guenin and
• Yoann Lalatonne

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2947–2952, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.273

• strategy to increase the PTT efficiency is the combination with magnetic hyperthermia [28], or with chemotherapy [29][30]. Using a one-pot synthesis strategy, we developed Au@alendronate NPs for a combined application of the antitumor activity of alendronate and an efficient gold-mediated PTT. We further

Cytotoxicity of doxorubicin-conjugated poly[N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide]-modified γ-Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles towards human tumor cells

• Zdeněk Plichta,
• Yulia Kozak,
• Rostyslav Panchuk,
• Viktoria Sokolova,
• Matthias Epple,
• Lesya Kobylinska,
• Pavla Jendelová and
• Daniel Horák

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2533–2545, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.236

• allows for a stable Dox concentration inside the cells, thus partially decreasing the effectiveness of ABC transporter proteins, which are responsible for drug efflux from the cytosol to the extracellular medium [24]. Other cell lines that are sensitive to chemotherapy (e.g., murine B16F10 melanoma

Hyperthermic intracavitary nanoaerosol therapy (HINAT) as an improved approach for pressurised intraperitoneal aerosol chemotherapy (PIPAC): Technical description, experimental validation and first proof of concept

• Daniel Göhler,
• Stephan Große,
• Alexander Bellendorf,
• Thomas Albert Falkenstein,
• Mehdi Ouaissi,
• Jürgen Zieren,
• Michael Stintz and
• Urs Giger-Pabst

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2729–2740, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.272

• chemotherapy for the treatment of peritoneal carcinomatosis. However, recent reports reveal limitations of the currently available technology. Material and Methods: A novel approach for pressurised intraperitoneal aerosol chemotherapy (PIPAC), called hyperthermic intracavitary nanoaerosol therapy (HINAT

• substances at minimal systemic toxicity, first approaches for locoregional/intracavitary chemotherapy (ICC) based on liquid drug instillation (LICC) were already developed about forty years ago [2][3][4]. Unfortunately, the effectivity of LICC is limited by low in-tissue penetration and the difficulties to

• distribute the drug-containing solution homogeneously throughout the tumoral tissue [5]. One promising and upcoming approach to treat end-stage patients suffering from enhanced PC is the Pressurised IntraPeritoneal Aerosol Chemotherapy (PIPAC), where the drug-containing solution is aerosolised within a

Optical techniques for cervical neoplasia detection

• Tatiana Novikova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1844–1862, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.186

• of efficient classifiers, which can fully explore rich spectral information for accurate and reliable diagnostics. One of the promising applications of RS can be the monitoring of the patients undergoing chemotherapy. A priori knowledge of administrated drugs will help to detect the new Raman peaks

Methionine-mediated synthesis of magnetic nanoparticles and functionalization with gold quantum dots for theranostic applications

• Arūnas Jagminas,
• Agnė Mikalauskaitė,
• Vitalijus Karabanovas and
• Jūrate Vaičiūnienė

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1734–1741, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.174

• conjugated with targeting and chemotherapy agents, such as cancer stem cell-related antibodies and the anticancer drug doxorubicin, for early detection and improved treatment. In order to verify our findings, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), FTIR

A nanocomplex of C₆₀ fullerene with cisplatin: design, characterization and toxicity

• Svitlana Prylutska,
• Svitlana Politenkova,
• Kateryna Afanasieva,
• Volodymyr Korolovych,
• Kateryna Bogutska,
• Andriy Sivolob,
• Larysa Skivka,
• Maxim Evstigneev,
• Viktor Kostjukov,
• Yuriy Prylutskyy and
• Uwe Ritter

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1494–1501, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.149

• action and binds covalently to DNA. In tumor cells Cis induces the selective inhibition of DNA synthesis and replication [2]. However, the action of Cis is accompanied by side effects that limit the use of Cis in anticancer chemotherapy. Сіs-induced nephro-, hepato- and cardiotoxicity, as well as

• ][18], including combination chemotherapy [19] and photodynamic therapy [20][21][22]. They are also applied for the targeted delivery of drugs into tumor cells [23][24][25]. However, there are several conflicting reports in the literature regarding the genotoxicity of C60 fullerene [26]. Thus, a strong

• complexation could induce biological synergy for other drugs administered together with C60 fullerene as well [19][23]. Taking into account the importance of Cis in chemotherapy of cancer, this drug could be a candidate molecule for study. A recent extended physico-chemical study has confirmed the formation of

Development of polycationic amphiphilic cyclodextrin nanoparticles for anticancer drug delivery

• Gamze Varan,
• Juan M. Benito,
• Carmen Ortiz Mellet and
• Erem Bilensoy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1457–1468, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.145

• during chemotherapy. Amphiphilic cyclodextrins are favored oligosaccharides as drug delivery systems for anticancer drugs, having the ability to spontaneously form nanoparticles without surfactant or co-solvents. In the past few years, polycationic, amphiphilic cyclodextrins were introduced as effective

• derivatives provide suitable nanometer-sized drug delivery systems for safe and efficient intravenous paclitaxel delivery for chemotherapy. In the light of these studies, it can be said that amphiphilic cyclodextrin nanoparticles of different surface charge can be considered as a promising alternative for

• self-assembled nanometer-sized drug carrier systems for safe and efficient chemotherapy. Keywords: amphiphilic cyclodextrin; anticancer; nanoparticle; paclitaxel; polycationic; Introduction Paclitaxel (PCX) is an effective wide-spectrum anticancer agent which is isolated from the bark of the tree

Cationic PEGylated polycaprolactone nanoparticles carrying post-operation docetaxel for glioma treatment

• Cem Varan and
• Erem Bilensoy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1446–1456, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.144

• 19, thus having a high impact on public health and quality of life [1]. Surgical operation is the main treatment option for brain tumors; chemotherapy or radiotherapy are generally applied after surgery to remove remaining tumor cells and avoid the recurrence of the tumor [2][3]. At this stage

• , intravenous or orally administered chemotherapy drugs have very low efficacy due to challenges in reaching the brain and tumor area. The blood brain barrier (BBB) is the essential protection of the brain and only 1% of chemotherapeutic agents can pass this barrier without losing their pharmacological activity

• , facilitating chemotherapy administration to prevent recurrence of the tumor at the time of tumor tissue removal by surgical operation. Among the anticancer drugs that are used in clinics, the taxane family of drugs such as paclitaxel and docetaxel are known to be highly effective against a variety of cancer

Carbon nanomaterials sensitize prostate cancer cells to docetaxel and mitomycin C via induction of apoptosis and inhibition of proliferation

• Kati Erdmann,
• Jessica Ringel,
• Silke Hampel,
• Manfred P. Wirth and
• Susanne Fuessel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1307–1317, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.132

• develop progressive disease following definite treatment and thus will require additional therapy [2][3]. Based on the efficacy and proven survival benefit of palliative chemotherapy in advanced PCa a curative treatment of localized PCa through pre-operative (neoadjuvant) chemotherapy has been discussed

• [3][4]. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy is routinely used in the treatment of other solid tumors such as bladder, breast and colon cancer [3][4]. To date it is not recommended for localized PCa by the current guidelines [2]. However, several clinical trials have demonstrated the efficacy and safety of a

• neoadjuvant systemic chemotherapy with docetaxel (DTX) in combination with hormonal therapy prior to radical prostatectomy in patients with high-risk PCa [5][6][7]. The advantages of a neoadjuvant chemotherapy lie in the down-staging of the malignancy leading to better tumor resectability and improved overall

Antitumor magnetic hyperthermia induced by RGD-functionalized Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles, in an experimental model of colorectal liver metastases

• Oihane K. Arriortua,
• Eneko Garaio,
• Borja Herrero de la Parte,
• Maite Insausti,
• Luis Lezama,
• Fernando Plazaola,
• Jose Angel García,
• Jesús M. Aizpurua,
• Maialen Sagartzazu,
• Mireia Irazola,
• Nestor Etxebarria,
• Ignacio García-Alonso,
• Alberto Saiz-López and
• José Javier Echevarria-Uraga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1532–1542, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.147

• [1][2][3][4]. However, in those patients with massive liver metastases only systemic chemotherapy, alone or combined with arterial radioembolization, has been reported to achieve some clinical benefits [5][6]. Hyperthermia is currently being explored as a possible new therapeutic tool for liver

• metastases, where it is useful as a coadjuvant for either chemotherapy or radiotherapy as it increases sensitivity for tumor cells [7][8]. Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) injected directly into liver tumors have become an important platform in these treatments because the application of an alternating magnetic

Hierarchical coassembly of DNA–triptycene hybrid molecular building blocks and zinc protoporphyrin IX

• Rina Kumari,
• Sumit Singh,
• Mohan Monisha,
• Sourav Bhowmick,
• Anindya Roy,
• Neeladri Das and
• Prolay Das

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 697–707, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.62

• regard to the light-induced oxidation of DHR 123 than the corresponding free Zn PpIX due to enhanced local confinement of ROS in the composite. Therefore, considering this feature, this system could be explored further for PDT, photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy (PACT) and catalysis applications

Tight junction between endothelial cells: the interaction between nanoparticles and blood vessels

• Yue Zhang and
• Wan-Xi Yang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 675–684, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.60

• defeat some of the drawbacks in traditional cancer chemotherapy (such as multidrug resistance (MDR) in tumors [6]). They can be modified to enhance the specificity of tumor therapy. Admittedly, no scientist could ignore its prominent latent prospect, but meanwhile numerous researches show their concerns

Filling of carbon nanotubes and nanofibres

• Reece D. Gately and
• Marc in het Panhuis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 508–516, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.53

• recent review focussed on the use of CNTs filled with antitumour medication for use in chemotherapy and immunotherapy [49]. In particular, they noted that the high level of selectivity (when functionalized) gave the CNTs the ability to “seek out” and selectively deliver the contained drugs to the tumours

Release behaviour and toxicity evaluation of levodopa from carboxylated single-walled carbon nanotubes

• Julia M. Tan,
• Jhi Biau Foo,
• Sharida Fakurazi and
• Mohd Zobir Hussein

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 243–253, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.23

• intense research for theranostic delivery systems, especially in the field of cancer chemotherapy [7][8][9]. Their attractive properties such as good biocompatibility and excellent chemical and thermal stability ensure the stability and solubility of drugs in aqueous environments. Furthermore, their

Synthesis of boron nitride nanotubes and their applications

• Saban Kalay,
• Zehra Yilmaz,
• Ozlem Sen,
• Melis Emanet,
• Emine Kazanc and
• Mustafa Çulha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 84–102, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.9

• area of the BNNTs, it was concluded that the constructed structure was ideal for drug delivery purposes [83]. The core–shell structures of BNNTs with europium-doped, sodium gadolinium fluoride (NaGdF4:Eu) were fabricated by using urea to demonstrate the chemotherapy efficiency of the BNNT–NaGdF4:Eu

• –NaGdF4:Eu composites had higher toxicity in the presence of a magnetic field due to increased cellular uptake of the composites and thus increased doxorubicin delivery. It can be said that the BNNT–NaGdF4:Eu composites increase the chemotherapy efficiency by the use of an external magnetic field [84

Nanodiamond-DGEA peptide conjugates for enhanced delivery of doxorubicin to prostate cancer

• Amanee D Salaam,
• Patrick Hwang,
• Roberus McIntosh,
• Hadiyah N Green,
• Ho-Wook Jun and
• Derrick Dean

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 937–945, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.107

• current standard of care is chemotherapy, which involves the use of toxic anticancer drugs, like doxorubicin (DOX), to treat cancers by inducing apoptosis. DOX has had high success rates with treating prostate cancer [2]. However, it can cause major side effects such as hair loss, nausea [2][3], and

• cardiomyopathy (weakening of the heart muscle) [4][5]. Like most clinical chemotherapy regimens, DOX lacks specificity (or targeting) and eradicates most rapidly dividing cells (e.g., hair, immune, and many other types of normal cells). As a result, there is a need to improve treatment specificity, efficacy, and

• toxicity by incorporating mechanisms for targeted delivery of chemotherapeutics. Nanomedicine has become a viable solution for the specificity and toxicity problems with current chemotherapy treatment regimens [6][7][8][9]. Nanoparticles have facilitated tumor targeting and drug delivery in a variety of

Near-infrared dye loaded polymeric nanoparticles for cancer imaging and therapy and cellular response after laser-induced heating

• Tingjun Lei,
• Alicia Fernandez-Fernandez,
• Romila Manchanda,
• Yen-Chih Huang and
• Anthony J. McGoron

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 313–322, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.35

• hyperthermia (HT). HT is currently used in clinical trials for cancer therapy in combination with radiotherapy and chemotherapy. One of the potential problems of HT is that it can up-regulate hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) expression and enhance vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secretion. Results

• chemotherapy and radiotherapy. HT achieves therapeutic benefits by damaging cancer cell proteins and structures as a result of an increase in cell temperature. However, one of the potential problems is that hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) could be up-regulated by HT [10][11]. An overexpression of HIF-1 has

• important as a therapeutic target [34]. Traditional HT with slow and long-term heating appears beneficial as an adjuvant therapy for radiotherapy and chemotherapy since it can hinder DNA damage repair mechanisms and increase drug delivery by enhancing its diffusion into the tumor [35][36]. However, this

Magnetic-Fe/Fe₃O₄-nanoparticle-bound SN38 as carboxylesterase-cleavable prodrug for the delivery to tumors within monocytes/macrophages

• Hongwang Wang,
• Tej B. Shrestha,
• Matthew T. Basel,
• Raj K. Dani,
• Gwi-Moon Seo,
• Sivasai Balivada,
• Marla M. Pyle,
• Heidy Prock,
• Olga B. Koper,
• Prem S. Thapa,
• David Moore,
• Ping Li,
• Viktor Chikan,
• Deryl L. Troyer and
• Stefan H. Bossmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 444–455, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.51

• of hyperthermia with radiation therapy and chemotherapy can greatly improve the efficacy of cancer treatment [30][31]. Ultrasmall magnetic nanoparticles generate heat efficiently in an alternating magnetic field (AMF). Due to their superior properties, such as negligible or low toxicity

• be precisely timed. Localized hyperthermia has the potential to work in synergy with chemotherapy, especially because both hyperthermia and the activation of SN38 can be precisely and independently timed. Furthermore, hyperthermia is known to activate the immune system if the correct temperature is

• of nanoparticles contained 0.427 mg of iron, indicating that this amount of iron would be high enough for alternating magnetic field hyperthermia in combination with chemotherapy [54]. The MTT assay indicated that 8 pg of iron can be easily loaded in each cell (20% inhibition of cell proliferation