Morphology and properties of pyrite nanoparticles obtained by pulsed laser ablation in liquid and thin films for photodetection

• Akshana Parameswaran Sreekala,
• Bindu Krishnan,
• Rene Fabian Cienfuegos Pelaes,
• David Avellaneda Avellaneda,
• Josué Amílcar Aguilar-Martínez and
• Sadasivan Shaji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 785–805, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.60

• in the dark and under illumination. Using silver paint (Flash-Dry silver colloidal suspension, SPI® supplies), two contact electrodes with a 4 mm length and a 4 mm distance between them were prepared on the films for electrical measurements. The photoresponse curves were evaluated using light sources

• without coming into contact with any surface electrons [64]. In summary, self-powered photodetectors operate based on the photovoltaic effect in semiconductors, where incident light generates electron–hole pairs. The resulting photocurrent arises from the separation and directs movement of these charge

Changes of structural, magnetic and spectroscopic properties of microencapsulated iron sucrose nanoparticles in saline

• Sabina Lewińska,
• Pavlo Aleshkevych,
• Roman Minikayev,
• Anna Bajorek,
• Mateusz Dulski,
• Krystian Prusik,
• Tomasz Wojciechowski and
• Anna Ślawska-Waniewska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 762–784, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.59

• iron oxyhydroxide core being in direct contact with saline may undergo through decomposition/degradation process. From the superparamagnetism theory, the maximum temperature observed in the ZFC dependence is closely linked to the mean value of the particle diameter in the grain nanosystem [45], and

• its shifts to lower temperatures with a decrease in . Therefore, for the samples with the dissolution times < 12 h, the observed shift of the ZFC maximum to lower temperatures may be associated with the beginning of the decomposition process of the iron oxyhydroxide nanoparticles in contact with

Thickness dependent oxidation in CrCl₃: a scanning X-ray photoemission and Kelvin probe microscopies study

• Shafaq Kazim,
• Rahul Parmar,
• Maryam Azizinia,
• Matteo Amati,
• Muhammad Rauf,
• Andrea Di Cicco,
• Seyed Javid Rezvani,
• Dario Mastrippolito,
• Luca Ottaviano,
• Tomasz Klimczuk,
• Luca Gregoratti and
• Roberto Gunnella

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 749–761, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.58

• correlation between the microscopic results and the surface potential of CrCl3 flakes at the nanoscale level using Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) [28]. KPFM is mainly employed to measure the local contact potential difference between the conductive AFM tip and the sample, allowing for high-resolution

• SiO2/Si substrate. (a) Topography from non-contact mode AFM of two flakes with different thicknesses; (b) Kelvin surface potential of the samples on SiO2; (c) z-profiles of the two flakes; (d) Kelvin surface potential scans along the profiles of (a). A Pt-coated tip was used. (a)Topography from non

• -contact mode AFM of flakes with two different thickness deposited on ITO; (b) Kelvin net surface potential of the samples in (a); (c) z-profiles of the two flakes; (d) Kelvin surface potential scans along the profiles of (a). A Pt-coated tip was used. Valence band spectra acquired at point L (lean) and

Synthesis of a multicomponent cellulose-based adsorbent for tetracycline removal from aquaculture water

• Uyen Bao Tran,
• Ngoc Thanh Vo-Tran,
• Khai The Truong,
• Dat Anh Nguyen,
• Quang Nhat Tran,
• Huu-Quang Nguyen,
• Jaebeom Lee and
• Hai Son Truong-Lam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 728–739, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.56

• a homogeneous surface. Adsorption kinetics Experimental data derived from the analysis of the effect of contact time and initial TC concentration on adsorption capacity were used to study the kinetics of TC adsorption using first-order and second-order kinetic models. Table 3 and Table 4 present the

• material surface and TC. Additionally, the effects of contact time, pH, initial concentration, and adsorbent dosage on the TC adsorption capacity of PGC were investigated. The results indicated that equilibrium was reached after 12 h, with an optimal pH of 6–7, an adsorbent dosage of 40 mg, and an initial

High-temperature epitaxial growth of tantalum nitride thin films on MgO: structural evolution and potential for SQUID applications

• Michelle Cedillo Rosillo,
• Oscar Contreras López,
• Jesús Antonio Díaz,
• Agustín Conde Gallardo and
• Harvi A. Castillo Cuero

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 690–699, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.53

• . Atomic force microscopy (AFM, XE-70 Park Systems) in contact mode was used to study the surface morphology of the films. The synthesis protocol used in this study was modified from the work reported by Quintanar-Zamora et al. [15] by varying the substrate temperature and the nitrogen pressure. Results

The impact of tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane hole transport layer doping on interfacial charge extraction and recombination

• Konstantinos Bidinakis and
• Stefan A. L. Weber

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 678–689, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.52

• illuminated case and we have a sufficient diffusive current flowing through the two junctions, but smaller in magnitude compared to the current flowing through an ohmic contact. Therefore, the junction exhibiting the more pronounced rectifying behavior will still limit the current flow. For our model, the

• evaporated as a back contact under vacuum (Edwards FL 400 Au evaporator). The devices were characterized in terms of efficiency with a solar simulator (Abet Technologies, SunLite) under AM1.5 illumination. Cross-section preparation To create solar cells with exposed cross-sections, we mechanically cleaved

Colloidal few layered graphene–tannic acid preserves the biocompatibility of periodontal ligament cells

• Teissir Ben Ammar,
• Naji Kharouf,
• Dominique Vautier,
• Housseinou Ba,
• Nivedita Sudheer,
• Philippe Lavalle and
• Vincent Ball

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 664–677, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.51

• deposited film was put in contact with a 10−4 M DPPH solution in the absence of light, followed by the absorbance measurement at 517 nm. Biological assays Isolation and culture of PDL cells PDL cells were isolated from human alveolar ligament obtained from extracted human teeth. This study was conducted

• activity The Alamar Blue (AB) assay was used to quantify the metabolic activity of PDL cells in direct contact with FLG and TA solutions by detecting the oxidation–reduction rate of AB [46]. This assay has gained significant popularity as a common method for examining cytotoxic effects induced by various

• the percentage reduction in ROS levels compared to the control group. Cell morphology To assess potential changes in cell morphology induced by FLG–TA, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was performed on treated and untreated cells after 24 and 48 h of direct contact. Cells were cultured on 12 mm

Aprepitant-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles: a novel approach to enhance oral bioavailability

• Mazhar Hussain,
• Muhammad Farooq,
• Muhammad Asad Saeed,
• Muhammad Ijaz,
• Sherjeel Adnan,
• Zeeshan Masood,
• Muhammad Waqas,
• Wafa Ishaq and
• Nabeela Ameer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 652–663, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.50

• membrane comes in contact with the aqueous medium, it absorbs water and swells. Water penetrates the APT-loaded SLN formulations fast and passes through toward the drug core such that the drug dissolves. Diffusion is enhanced because of the equilibrium between elastic polymer strength and hydration by

Nanoscale capacitance spectroscopy based on multifrequency electrostatic force microscopy

• Pascal N. Rohrbeck,
• Lukas D. Cavar,
• Franjo Weber,
• Peter G. Reichel,
• Mara Niebling and
• Stefan A. L. Weber

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 637–651, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.49

• study materials such as perovskite solar cells [18][19][20] and Li-ion batteries [21][22][23]. AFM enables simultaneous acquisition of topographic and electronic data by applying AC or DC voltages across the tip–sample gap, allowing for the detection of capacitive forces [24][25] or contact potential

Polyurethane/silk fibroin-based electrospun membranes for wound healing and skin substitute applications

• Iqra Zainab,
• Zohra Naseem,
• Syeda Rubab Batool,
• Muhammad Waqas,
• Ahsan Nazir and
• Muhammad Anwaar Nazeer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 591–612, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.46

Functionalized gold nanoflowers on carbon screen-printed electrodes: an electrochemical platform for biosensing hemagglutinin protein of influenza A H1N1 virus

• Carlos Enrique Torres-Méndez,
• Sharmilee Nandi,
• Klara Martinovic,
• Patrizia Kühne,
• Yifan Liu,
• Sam Taylor,
• Maria Lysandrou,
• Maria Ines Berrojo Romeyro Mascarenhas,
• Viktoria Langwallner,
• Javier Enrique Sebastián Alonso,
• Ivana Jovanovic,
• Maike Lüftner,
• Georgia-Vasiliki Gkountana,
• David Bern,
• Abdul-Raouf Atif,
• Ehsan Manouchehri Doulabi,
• Gemma Mestres and
• Masood Kamali-Moghaddam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 540–550, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.42

• process, forming stable AuNFs that remain at the surface of the electrode upon contact with water and ethanol as no change in the CV was observed after contact with these solvents (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S1). This suggests strong mechanical adhesion of the AuNFs to the CSPE surface. The

Water in nanoporous hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets: a first-principles study

• Juliana A. Gonçalves,
• Ronaldo J. C. Batista and
• Marcia C. Barbosa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 510–519, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.39

• contact with water molecules. Our investigation revealed that triangular and rhombic pores induce wrinkles in non-deposited h-BN monolayers because of the repulsion between hydrogen orbitals at their 60° vertices. We found that the addition of N–H or B–H pairs at 60° vertices mitigates these out-of-plane

N₂⁺-implantation-induced tailoring of structural, morphological, optical, and electrical characteristics of sputtered molybdenum thin films

• Usha Rani,
• Kafi Devi,
• Divya Gupta and
• Sanjeev Aggarwal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 495–509, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.38

• between these components after contact with the sample. Upon successfully fitting the results of N2+-implanted molybdenum thin films for all thickness, a small error percentage (in this case, 0.15%) between the experimental and simulated curves is observed, indicating a close match [2][44]. The simulated

Performance optimization of a microwave-coupled plasma-based ultralow-energy ECR ion source for silicon nanostructuring

• Joy Mukherjee,
• Safiul Alam Mollick,
• Tanmoy Basu and
• Tapobrata Som

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 484–494, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.37

• contact with the plasma within the isolated plasma cup, serves to shift the plasma potential. By applying a voltage (e.g., +500 V) to the anode, the plasma potential is elevated to +500 V (plus the intrinsic plasma potential). When the sample is maintained at ground potential, the positive ions within the

Synthetic-polymer-assisted antisense oligonucleotide delivery: targeted approaches for precision disease treatment

• Ana Cubillo Alvarez,
• Dylan Maguire and
• Ruairí P. Brannigan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 435–463, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.34

• contact with the targeted cells, ASO drugs still need to be internalised by cells and overcome internal cellular trafficking to determine their functional delivery. During this process the oligonucleotides are engulfed into endosomes and released into the cytoplasm, where they either exert their action or

Quantification of lead through rod-shaped silver-doped zinc oxide nanoparticles using an electrochemical approach

• Ravinder Lamba,
• Gaurav Bhanjana,
• Neeraj Dilbaghi,
• Vivek Gupta and
• Sandeep Kumar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 422–434, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.33

• sources of lead exposure [4]. Through contaminated food or drink or through mouth-to-mouth contact, lead can enter the body. Standard techniques for determining lead content involve the use of atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) [5] and inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP–MS) [6]. Although

• electrode can provide additional details about the electrochemical process. It can help to understand the kinetics of electron transfer reactions, analyte diffusion, and electrode surface contact mechanisms. A modified Ag@ZnO NRs electrode with greater impedance is more stable and durable. This provides

ReactorAFM/STM – dynamic reactions on surfaces at elevated temperature and atmospheric pressure

• Tycho Roorda,
• Hamed Achour,
• Matthijs A. van Spronsen,
• Marta E. Cañas-Ventura,
• Sander B. Roobol,
• Willem Onderwaater,
• Mirthe Bergman,
• Peter van der Tuijn,
• Gertjan van Baarle,
• Johan W. Bakker,
• Joost W. M. Frenken and
• Irene M. N. Groot

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 397–406, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.30

• temperature (RT). Using a QTF as a force sensor implies that temperature fluctuations can be interpreted as height features and ultimately results in losing contact with the surface when these fluctuations exceed the setpoint of the scanner. When scanning at temperatures farther from T0, this effect becomes

• contact with the sample surface, the seal’s maximum temperature poses a reaction temperature limitation of 600 K [11]. The vacuum is maintained by a corrosion-resistant turbo pump as well as an ion pump. A gas cabinet for gas mixing, consisting of several rotating valves, mass flow controllers, and back

• heating filament. The qPlus sensor is mounted to a three-contact slider and controlled by a piezotube. The piezotube is outside of the reactor volume. Figure 2b shows a schematic cross section of the AFM/STM reactor together with the sample holder. For high-pressure experiments, the reactor volume needs

Engineered PEG–PCL nanoparticles enable sensitive and selective detection of sodium dodecyl sulfate: a qualitative and quantitative analysis

• Soni Prajapati and
• Ranjana Singh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 385–396, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.29

• is due to the interaction with the Bradford reagent, which is further used for the detection of SDS via electrostatic interaction. An ionic interaction occurs when the negatively charged SDS molecules come into contact with the PEG–PCL absorbed with positively charged G-250 dye (from the Bradford

Development of a mucoadhesive drug delivery system and its interaction with gastric cells

• Ahmet Baki Sahin,
• Serdar Karakurt and
• Deniz Sezlev Bilecen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 371–384, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.28

• the larger surface-area-to-volume ratio, which may result in more contact points with the tissue and increased mucoadhesion [27]. In addition, a nanoscale size leads to improved penetration through the pores of the mucin network, which have a size of approximately 500 nm [9][28], enhanced retention

• the particle size and zeta potential distributions were recorded upon interaction with mucin. Table 2 shows the results of the DLS measurements. After EudAlg nanoparticles came in contact with mucin, the Z-average value of the nanoparticles increased significantly from 219.05 ± 41.61 nm to 387.08

Pulsed laser in liquid grafting of gold nanoparticle–carbon support composites

• Madeleine K. Wilsey,
• Teona Taseska,
• Qishen Lyu,
• Connor P. Cox and
• Astrid M. Müller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 349–361, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.26

• nanoparticles with their surface attachment and solves longstanding nanoparticle adhesion and electrical contact issues. Irradiation of hydrophilic carbon fiber paper submerged in aqueous HAuCl4 solution by nanosecond laser pulses produced composites with uniform distribution of gold nanoparticles on carbon

• attachment on a support (Figure 1). Another challenge is the resulting poor physical and electrical contact of nanoparticles on supports. Our pulsed laser grafting process overcomes these problems by directly seeding and growing nanoparticles on substrates using nanosecond laser pulses, thereby eliminating

• synthesis–attachment are long preparation times, the generation of hazardous organic solvent and ligand waste [15], and poor electrical contact at the nanoparticle–support interface, particularly for nanoparticles with surfactant-terminated surfaces [16]. Conventionally made nanoparticles rely on

Tailoring of physical properties of RF-sputtered ZnTe films: role of substrate temperature

• Kafi Devi,
• Usha Rani,
• Arun Kumar,
• Divya Gupta and
• Sanjeev Aggarwal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 333–348, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.25

• (CdZnTe) compounds. Currently many efforts are made to increase the efficiency of CdTe-based solar cells. A maximum efficiency of 22.1% has been achieved using CdTe-based solar cells. The efficiency can be tuned by the formation of a stable ohmic back contact. For this, a material with a bandgap greater

• carrier transport, ZnTe can be used as a buffer layer in CdTe-based solar cells for back contact. Moreover, n-type zinc telluride films can be used in the window layer as a substitute for CdS [6]. Zinc telluride films are highly resistive with a resistivity of about several megaohm·centimetres [7]. The

• points towards a nearly ohmic contact between ZnTe film and quartz substrate, which is necessary for the fabrication of the optoelectronic device. The conductivity (σ) of films was determined using the relation [41] where ρ is the electrical resistivity, R is the resistance of the film, A is the area of

Enhancing mechanical properties of chitosan/PVA electrospun nanofibers: a comprehensive review

• Nur Areisman Mohd Salleh,
• Amalina Muhammad Afifi,
• Fathiah Mohamed Zuki and
• Hanna Sofia SalehHudin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 286–307, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.22

• , and an increase in surface roughness, which reduced the water contact angle, without altering the bulk properties of the material. Similar observations of improved mechanical strength of plasma-treated chitosan/PVA/hydroxyapatite were reported using DBD plasma air, which is considered more cost

Correction: AFM-IR investigation of thin PECVD SiO_x films on a polypropylene substrate in the surface-sensitive mode

• Hendrik Müller,
• Hartmut Stadler,
• Teresa de los Arcos,
• Adrian Keller and
• Guido Grundmeier

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 252–253, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.19

• migration barrier for the use of postconsumer recycled materials in food contact” (TRR 87 - T07 Project number 138690629). This work was supported by the German Research Foundation (DFG) under grant number 407752136 and North Rhine-Westphalia based on the funding for large appliances (AFM-IR).

Radiosensitizing properties of dual-functionalized carbon nanostructures loaded with temozolomide

• Radmila Milenkovska,
• Nikola Geskovski,
• Dushko Shalabalija,
• Ljubica Mihailova,
• Petre Makreski,
• Dushko Lukarski,
• Igor Stojkovski,
• Maja Simonoska Crcarevska and
• Kristina Mladenovska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 229–251, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.18

• promotes more intense contact with the cells and rupture of cell membranes. Overall, the findings demonstrate the radiosensitizing properties of not only TMZ but also of CNs and point to a clinical benefit from combined treatment with carbon nanocarriers of TMZ and radiotherapy in GBM. Keywords: carbon

• be explained by the different effects on cell membranes during internalization. While the tubular shape of the CNTs provides membrane penetration whithout significantly affecting the integrity of the cell membrane, the flat surface of GO leads to more intense contact and rupture of the cell membranes

• for the surface charge (−38 vs −33 mV), and the smaller length of the hybrid CN (less than 10 vs 10–30 µm, data from the producers), one can say that the higher fraction of flat surfaces in the hybrid CN, that is, the more intense contact with the cells and the length of the hybrid CN are dominant

Recent advances in photothermal nanomaterials for ophthalmic applications

• Jiayuan Zhuang,
• Linhui Jia,
• Chenghao Li,
• Rui Yang,
• Jiapeng Wang,
• Wen-an Wang,
• Heng Zhou and
• Xiangxia Luo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 195–215, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.16

• sufficiently soft film to tightly cover the tissue can ensure direct contact between the VNBs produced by the film and tumor cells. The experimental results indicate that using more and higher-energy laser pulses produces more and larger vapor bubbles, which can kill cells at some distance from the film. A