Towards a quantitative theory for transmission X-ray microscopy

• James G. McNally,
• Christoph Pratsch,
• Stephan Werner,
• Stefan Rehbein,
• Andrew Gibbs,
• Jihao Wang,
• Thomas Lunkenbein,
• Peter Guttmann and
• Gerd Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1113–1128, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.82

• . In the current study, we continue this effort toward further development of 3D models for TXMs. First, we introduce Mie theory as an alternate approach for light propagation through the sample. Mie theory provides an exact solution to Maxwell’s equations but limited to spheres of known refractive

Influence of ion beam current on the structural, optical, and mechanical properties of TiO₂ coatings: ion beam-assisted vs conventional electron beam evaporation

• Agata Obstarczyk and
• Urszula Wawrzaszek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1097–1112, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.81

• , and good availability, TiO2 in the form of thin films is now widely used in the development of gas sensors, photodetectors, solar cells, memristors, and photocatalysts [1][12][15][16][17]. The area of application of titanium dioxide is also related to the crystal structure in which it occurs, that is

Single-layer graphene oxide film grown on α-Al₂O₃(0001) for use as an adsorbent

• Shiro Entani,
• Mitsunori Honda,
• Masaru Takizawa and
• Makoto Kohda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1082–1087, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.79

• Shiro Entani Mitsunori Honda Masaru Takizawa Makoto Kohda Quantum Materials and Applications Research Center, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Takasaki, Gunma 370-1292, Japan Honda’s Lab for Development of Future Clay Materials Research, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai

• were conducted into its adsorption properties. A significant accident at a nuclear facility can result in the release of substantial amounts of radioactive cesium (Cs) and strontium (Sr) into the environment [19][20]. The development of a method for reducing the volume of these radioactive waste is

Soft materials nanoarchitectonics: liquid crystals, polymers, gels, biomaterials, and others

• Katsuhiko Ariga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1025–1067, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.77

• materials systems. It can be reasonably proposed that the mastery of materials science in the context of soft functional materials will facilitate the development of advanced functional systems that emulate the characteristics of living organisms. This concept is not limited to applications in biology, such

• the synthesis of covalent organic frameworks via polymer chemistry [70][71][72][73][74]. In particular, some thin-film techniques based on interface science are useful for the deliberate and rational assembly of ordered aggregated membrane structures. This is exemplified by the development of methods

• development of more sophisticated functional materials. Concurrently with the transition from hard to soft, there is also a significant trend in the advancement of materials sciences from the macroscale to the nanoscale. In other words, the ability to control the structures of materials at the nanoscale (i.e

Time-resolved probing of laser-induced nanostructuring processes in liquids

• Maximilian Spellauge,
• David Redka,
• Mianzhen Mo,
• Changyong Song,
• Heinz Paul Huber and
• Anton Plech

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 968–1002, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.74

• deformations caused by thermally excited elastic strains. However, stroboscopic measurements like these are limited to systems that recover their original states after perturbation and are unsuitable for studying irreversible kinetic reactions in strongly driven non-equilibrium phenomena. The development of

• comprehension of these intricate processes. The development of new large-scale facilities is actively underway through international collaboration. This progress will significantly enhance accessibility for researchers from diverse fields, extending beyond X-ray or electron scattering, and provide a versatile

• scattering studies with the use of electrons have been hindered by their shallow penetration depth (<1 μm) compared to that of hard X-rays (>100 μm). Recently, the development of free-flowing liquid sheet jets has overcome this limitation by providing flat liquid sheets with thicknesses down to tens of

Synthesis of biowaste-derived carbon-dot-mediated silver nanoparticles and the evaluation of electrochemical properties for supercapacitor electrodes

• Navya Kumari Tenkayala,
• Chandan Kumar Maity,
• Md Moniruzzaman and
• Subramani Devaraju

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 933–943, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.71

• density, quick charge/discharge capacity, and an outstanding retention rate. Nanocarbons are the appropriate candidates for EDLCs due to their high surface charge-storage ability and high conductivity [8][9][10]. The development of electrode materials with an efficient EDLC and pseudocapacitor properties

Focused ion beam-induced platinum deposition with a low-temperature cesium ion source

• Thomas Henning Loeber,
• Bert Laegel,
• Meltem Sezen,
• Feray Bakan Misirlioglu,
• Edgar J. D. Vredenbregt and
• Yang Li

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 910–920, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.69

• are more advanced with respect to source development because of their relatively low requirements regarding the cooling laser. Milling [10] as well as induced deposition of platinum (Pt) [11] and tungsten (W) [12] have been studied for a prototype FIB with an ultracold Rb+source. Further, a Cs+ laser

Heat-induced transformation of nickel-coated polycrystalline diamond film studied in situ by XPS and NEXAFS

• Olga V. Sedelnikova,
• Yuliya V. Fedoseeva,
• Dmitriy V. Gorodetskiy,
• Yuri N. Palyanov,
• Elena V. Shlyakhova,
• Eugene A. Maksimovskiy,
• Anna A. Makarova,
• Lyubov G. Bulusheva and
• Aleksandr V. Okotrub

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 887–898, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.67

• , resulting in the development of a thin sp² carbon layer over the entire surface of the sample. The chemical state of nickel in the annealed Ni-PCD film was elucidated using XPS and NEXAFS spectroscopy to probe the local environment of metal atoms on the surface and inside the bulk (Figure 3). The XPS Ni 3p

Synchrotron X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy study of sodium adsorption on vertically arranged MoS₂ layers coated with pyrolytic carbon

• Alexander V. Okotrub,
• Anastasiya D. Fedorenko,
• Anna A. Makarova,
• Veronica S. Sulyaeva,
• Yuliya V. Fedoseeva and
• Lyubov G. Bulusheva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 847–859, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.64

• film, and annealing of the sodiated sample restores its structure. The obtained results demonstrate the important role of the graphitic coating in the development of viable MoS2-based electrodes for energy storage systems. Keywords: graphitic coating; molybdenum disulfide film; Na adsorption

Synthesis and magnetic transitions of rare-earth-free Fe–Mn–Ni–Si-based compositionally complex alloys at bulk and nanoscale

• Shabbir Tahir,
• Tatiana Smoliarova,
• Carlos Doñate-Buendía,
• Michael Farle,
• Natalia Shkodich and
• Bilal Gökce

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 823–836, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.62

• temperature ranges, such as room-temperature cooling and cryogenic systems [3][4]. The magnetic transition also plays a critical role in the development of temperature-sensitive magnetic sensors and actuators [5][6]. These devices harness the abrupt change in magnetic properties at Tc to detect temperature

• potential to replace rare earth elements in magnetic materials [18]. The development of rare-earth-free or rare-earth-lean magnets is critical because of the economic, environmental, and supply chain challenges associated with rare earth elements [19][20]. For instance, mining and processing of rare earths

Thickness dependent oxidation in CrCl₃: a scanning X-ray photoemission and Kelvin probe microscopies study

• Shafaq Kazim,
• Rahul Parmar,
• Maryam Azizinia,
• Matteo Amati,
• Muhammad Rauf,
• Andrea Di Cicco,
• Seyed Javid Rezvani,
• Dario Mastrippolito,
• Luca Ottaviano,
• Tomasz Klimczuk,
• Luca Gregoratti and
• Roberto Gunnella

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 749–761, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.58

• oxidation or the introduction of surface vacancies, a novel and versatile approach is unveiled for the development of low-dimensional multifunctional nanodevices. Keywords: chemical mapping; CrX3; Kelvin probe force microscopy; mechanical exfoliation; scanning photoelectron microscopy (SPEM); two

Serum heat inactivation diminishes ApoE-mediated uptake of D-Lin-MC3-DMA lipid nanoparticles

• Demian van Straten,
• Luuk van de Schepop,
• Rowan Frunt,
• Pieter Vader and
• Raymond M. Schiffelers

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 740–748, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.57

• protein corona formation in vitro and prevent bias in LNP development. Keywords: apolipoprotein E; fetal calf serum; heat inactivation; lipid nanoparticle; protein corona; Introduction Nanotechnology has gained a strong foothold in the field of drug delivery, having significant promise to overcome the

• a crucial part during pre-clinical nanoparticle development. The influence of the protein corona is particularly evident for the efficacy of lipid nanoparticles used for RNA delivery. Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) protect the encapsulated RNA from premature clearance and simultaneously facilitate the

• delivery efficiency, it is becoming increasingly clear that the in vivo environment to which the nanoparticles will be exposed should be considered during LNP development. Nevertheless, the initial screening of nanoparticles in vitro is often restricted to experiments using tissue culture media

Synthesis of a multicomponent cellulose-based adsorbent for tetracycline removal from aquaculture water

• Uyen Bao Tran,
• Ngoc Thanh Vo-Tran,
• Khai The Truong,
• Dat Anh Nguyen,
• Quang Nhat Tran,
• Huu-Quang Nguyen,
• Jaebeom Lee and
• Hai Son Truong-Lam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 728–739, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.56

• . These limitations have spurred the development of more effective and versatile adsorbents. Modern adsorbents are available in diverse compositions. Moreover, they are easy to manufacture and generally both cost-effective and environmentally friendly. Cellulose-based adsorbents, in particular, have

• efficiency, eco-friendliness, versatility, and up to 70% removal efficiency of tetracyline, oxytetracycline, chlortetracycline, and doxycycline, the synthesized PGC material shows great potential for addressing environmental challenges and promoting sustainable development. The PGC adsorbent, with higher

Efficiency of single-pulse laser fragmentation of organic nutraceutical dispersions in a circular jet flow-through reactor

• Tina Friedenauer,
• Maximilian Spellauge,
• Alexander Sommereyns,
• Verena Labenski,
• Tuba Esatbeyoglu,
• Christoph Rehbock,
• Heinz P. Huber and
• Stephan Barcikowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 711–727, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.55

• School in Advanced Optical Technologies (SAOT), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Paul-Gordan-Strasse 6, Erlangen 91052, Germany Department of Molecular Food Chemistry and Food Development, Institute of Food and One Health, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz University Hannover, Am Kleinen Felde

Nanostructured materials characterized by scanning photoelectron spectromicroscopy

• Matteo Amati,
• Alexey S. Shkvarin,
• Alexander I. Merentsov,
• Alexander N. Titov,
• María Taeño,
• David Maestre,
• Sarah R. McKibbin,
• Zygmunt Milosz,
• Ana Cremades,
• Rainer Timm and
• Luca Gregoratti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 700–710, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.54

• devices, which include the synthesis, characterization, and processing, are part of an emerging and rapidly growing field referred to as nanotechnology. However, despite the large efforts of the scientific and industrial communities in the development of new nanostructured materials and related

• corresponding CL spectrum. XPS measurements provide valuable information on the electronic structure and properties of the NiO samples, which strongly support the development of potential applications including gas sensors and optical resonators [43][47]. Conclusion SPEM is a synchrotron-based technique

• surface chemical changes, local charging, and space-charge effects. To partially mitigate this effects, strong efforts must be spent in the development of new photoelectron detection systems capable of collecting the majority of electrons, currently wasted due to the limited acceptance angles of

High-temperature epitaxial growth of tantalum nitride thin films on MgO: structural evolution and potential for SQUID applications

• Michelle Cedillo Rosillo,
• Oscar Contreras López,
• Jesús Antonio Díaz,
• Agustín Conde Gallardo and
• Harvi A. Castillo Cuero

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 690–699, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.53

• as lossless power transmission, magnetic levitation in transportation systems, and the creation of powerful electromagnets. Furthermore, superconductivity plays a pivotal role in the development of advanced technologies, including quantum computing and nanometric electronic devices. Despite

• significant progress, a major challenge remains in discovering materials that exhibit superconductivity at higher, more practical temperatures. The efficient fabrication of materials with a low superconducting energy gap and an intermediate Tc is crucial for the development and enhancement of superconducting

• temperature on the structural evolution of TaN thin films deposited on MgO(100) substrates was investigated using XRD and TEM. Figure 3 shows the XRD patterns of TaN films deposited at various temperatures, revealing critical insights into phase development, crystallinity, and epitaxial growth as the

Aprepitant-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles: a novel approach to enhance oral bioavailability

• Mazhar Hussain,
• Muhammad Farooq,
• Muhammad Asad Saeed,
• Muhammad Ijaz,
• Sherjeel Adnan,
• Zeeshan Masood,
• Muhammad Waqas,
• Wafa Ishaq and
• Nabeela Ameer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 652–663, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.50

• , Robert Stevenson Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FB, United Kingdom 10.3762/bjnano.16.50 Abstract Objectives of the present study are the development of aprepitant (APT)-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) using the polymers poloxamer 407 and β-cyclodextrin for enhanced solubility and their pharmacokinetic

Nanoscale capacitance spectroscopy based on multifrequency electrostatic force microscopy

• Pascal N. Rohrbeck,
• Lukas D. Cavar,
• Franjo Weber,
• Peter G. Reichel,
• Mara Niebling and
• Stefan A. L. Weber

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 637–651, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.49

• ; quantitative force spectroscopy; scanning capacitance force microscopy; Introduction Technological progress in fields including electronics, energy storage, photonics, and biomedical devices would not have been possible without the development of new materials. Progress in these areas requires a detailed

A formulation containing Cymbopogon flexuosus essential oil: improvement of biochemical parameters and oxidative stress in diabetic rats

• Ailton Santos Sena-Júnior,
• Cleverton Nascimento Santana Andrade,
• Pedro Henrique Macedo Moura,
• Jocsã Hémany Cândido dos Santos,
• Cauãn Torres Trancoso,
• Eloia Emanuelly Dias Silva,
• Deise Maria Rego Rodrigues Silva,
• Ênio Pereira Telles,
• Luiz André Santos Silva,
• Isabella Lima Dantas Teles,
• Sara Fernanda Mota de Almeida,
• Daniel Alves de Souza,
• Jileno Ferreira Santos,
• Felipe José Aidar Martins,
• Ana Mara de Oliveira e Silva,
• Sandra Lauton-Santos,
• Guilherme Rodolfo Souza de Araujo,
• Cristiane Bani Correa,
• Rogéria De Souza Nunes,
• Lysandro Pinto Borges and
• Ana Amélia Moreira Lira

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 617–636, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.48

• %), corroborating the findings of the present study. However, other minor components were not identified in this study, showing that the composition of the essential oil can change significantly when obtained from different geographical origins. Development of microemulsions considering the pseudoternary phase

• components can facilitate the development of nanometer-scale systems such as MEs and liquid crystals [15]. This region was divided into three distinct regions, with a central region of transparent viscous systems (TVS), which may be a region of lyotropic liquid crystals [16][17], and two regions of

• of M7-EOCF is very close to the activity of Trolox, that is, above 90%. Therefore, there was possibly saturation at the concentration used. A study by Alencar et al. [35], which aimed to analyze the antioxidant activity of lemongrass (C. citratus) EO before and after the development of spray-dried

Focused ion and electron beams for synthesis and characterization of nanomaterials

• Aleksandra Szkudlarek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 613–616, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.47

• the best of times, it was the worst of times" [2] – onto a 200 × 200 micron square of plastic using an electron beam. This achievement prompts a reflection: is nowadays the best or the worst of times for the development of electron and ion beam technologies? With the hope to contribute addressing this

• towards its further development, a comprehensive roadmap for focused ion beam technologies has been recently published by an interdisciplinary group of international experts. Although not part of this thematic issue, we encourage the reader to take a look at the original paper [17]. While achieving

• , and substrates to transform them from specialized prototyping to market-relevant methods. Advances are particularly needed in precursor development to achieve desirable material compositions and in modeling to enable full 3D-growth control. As we transition into an era defined by artificial

Polyurethane/silk fibroin-based electrospun membranes for wound healing and skin substitute applications

• Iqra Zainab,
• Zohra Naseem,
• Syeda Rubab Batool,
• Muhammad Waqas,
• Ahsan Nazir and
• Muhammad Anwaar Nazeer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 591–612, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.46

• the development of implants, medical devices, and drug delivery systems that solve challenging issues from health to medicine [5]. Because of innovations in tissue engineering, genetic engineering, and nanotechnology, scientists can now see into the innermost functions of living organisms with a level

• are cleared by macrophage efferocytosis, apoptosis, or return to blood vessels [40]. Proliferation Granulation tissue development, re-epithelialization, and neovascularization are features of the proliferative phase. This period may last several weeks [41]. Fibroblasts, keratinocytes, macrophages, and

• advancement in this sector with the development of many dermo-epidermal substitutes. However, there is still a need for a full-thickness dermal substitute [49]. In this regard, nanotechnology has seen remarkable work in the biomedical field in recent years, offering promising solutions for the development of

Feasibility analysis of carbon nanofiber synthesis and morphology control using a LPG premixed flame

• Iftikhar Rahman Bishal,
• Muhammad Hilmi Ibrahim,
• Norikhwan Hamzah,
• Mohd Zamri Mohd Yusop,
• Faizuan Bin Abdullah,
• I Putu Tedy Indrayana and
• Mohd Fairus Mohd Yasin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 581–590, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.45

• Malaysia (UTM) through UTM Fundamental Research (UTMFR: PY/2024/01611) grant with cost center number Q.J130000.3824.23H94. This research was also supported by Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM) through Prototype Development Fund (PDF Cycle 2: PY/2024/00430) grant with cost center number

Nanomaterials in targeting amyloid-β oligomers: current advances and future directions for Alzheimer's disease diagnosis and therapy

• Shiwani Randhawa,
• Trilok Chand Saini,
• Manik Bathla,
• Rahul Bhardwaj,
• Rubina Dhiman and
• Amitabha Acharya

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 561–580, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.44

• oligomers with smaller molecular weight, rather than the more conspicuous amyloid fibrils, that play a pivotal role in the development and progression of various protein misfolding diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders and type-II diabetes. Numerous studies have highlighted a disconnect between

• [5], suggesting that certain genetic factors can significantly accelerate the development of the disease. In contrast, the Icelandic mutations appear to have a protective effect, reducing both the overall levels of AβOs and the concentrations of amyloid fibrils, which are another form of amyloid

• possibility that AβOs may have distinct properties and biological implications that differ from those of amyloid fibrils, suggesting a more complex relationship in the pathology of amyloid-related diseases. Understanding these pathways is crucial for unraveling the role of AβOs in the development and

Retrieval of B1 phase from high-pressure B2 phase for CdO nanoparticles by electronic excitations in Cd_xZn_1−xO composite thin films

• Arkaprava Das,
• Marcin Zając and
• Carla Bittencourt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 551–560, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.43

• developed under the provision of the Polish Ministry and Higher Education project “Support for research and development with the use of research infrastructure of the National Synchrotron Radiation Centre SOLARIS" under contract No. 1/SOL/2021/2. We acknowledge the SOLARIS Centre for providing access to the

Functionalized gold nanoflowers on carbon screen-printed electrodes: an electrochemical platform for biosensing hemagglutinin protein of influenza A H1N1 virus

• Carlos Enrique Torres-Méndez,
• Sharmilee Nandi,
• Klara Martinovic,
• Patrizia Kühne,
• Yifan Liu,
• Sam Taylor,
• Maria Lysandrou,
• Maria Ines Berrojo Romeyro Mascarenhas,
• Viktoria Langwallner,
• Javier Enrique Sebastián Alonso,
• Ivana Jovanovic,
• Maike Lüftner,
• Georgia-Vasiliki Gkountana,
• David Bern,
• Abdul-Raouf Atif,
• Ehsan Manouchehri Doulabi,
• Gemma Mestres and
• Masood Kamali-Moghaddam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 540–550, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.42

• measurements [46]. Furthermore, compatibility with microfluidic devices is important for the development of portable biosensing devices with automated functions and of simple use. Different antigens of the influenza A H1N1 virus have been targeted for detection over the years. In order to make a substantial

• , electrode stability in different solvents, and circuit fitting for the EIS data. Acknowledgements The authors acknowledge SensUs organization for technical discussions on biosensors development, Dr. Quentin Palomar-Marchand for the technical advice provided on electrochemical measurements, and Jayendra