N-Heterocyclic carbene-based gold etchants

• Robert B. Chevalier,
• Justin Pantano,
• Matthew K. Kiesewetter and
• Jason R. Dwyer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 865–871, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.71

• dissolution of gold. We present scanning electron micrographs and elemental imaging analyses by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy to examine the effect of solutions of each species on the gold film. This work highlights the risk of unwanted etching during some routes to NHC-based surface functionalization

• two different solution-based surface functionalization routes. One involved the deprotonation of a benzimidazolium precursor in toluene under air-free conditions. The other was in methanol and took advantage of the equilibrium between a benzimidazolium hydrogen carbonate salt and free carbene with

Control of morphology and crystallinity of CNTs in flame synthesis with one-dimensional reaction zone

• Muhammad Hilmi Ibrahim,
• Norikhwan Hamzah,
• Mohd Zamri Mohd Yusop,
• Ni Luh Wulan Septiani and
• Mohd Fairus Mohd Yasin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 741–750, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.61

• CNT functionalization for energy storage, nanosensor, and nanocomposite applications, where diameter and crystallinity are influential properties that govern the overall performance of the components. Keywords: carbon nanotubes; crystallinity; flame synthesis; morphology; one-dimensional flame

• properties in terms of morphology, size, type, and functionalization have been reported [2]. Controlling the properties of nanotubes is essential for various applications. In a recent study on the production of CNT-based conductive textiles, the fabrication of conductive wool required the utilization of

• multi-walled CNTs (MWCNTs) with carboxyl functionalization [3]. The aerospace industry utilizes CNTs with high thermal, chemical, mechanical, and electrical performance as a nanocomposite additive to overcome problems in aircraft coatings, such as corrosion, ice accretion, lightning strike, and erosion

Metal-organic framework-based nanomaterials as opto-electrochemical sensors for the detection of antibiotics and hormones: A review

• Akeem Adeyemi Oladipo,
• Saba Derakhshan Oskouei and
• Mustafa Gazi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 631–673, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.52

Evaluation of electrosynthesized reduced graphene oxide–Ni/Fe/Co-based (oxy)hydroxide catalysts towards the oxygen evolution reaction

• Karolina Cysewska,
• Marcin Łapiński,
• Marcin Zając,
• Jakub Karczewski,
• Piotr Jasiński and
• Sebastian Molin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 420–433, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.34

• state in which the local sp2 bonding is influenced mainly by oxygen functionalization [32][33]. The position of the peak and the intensity of the spectra differ for NiFe-GO and CoNiFe-GO, indicating different electronic structures and interactions around Ni, Fe, Co, and GO. Figure 3e presents the XRD

Polymer nanoparticles from low-energy nanoemulsions for biomedical applications

• Santiago Grijalvo and
• Carlos Rodriguez-Abreu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 339–350, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.29

• , nanoparticle concentration, surface functionalization, and the type of polymers that can be processed. Keywords: ethyl cellulose; nanoemulsions; nanomedicine; phase inversion composition (PIC) method; PLGA; polymer nanoparticles; polyuria; polyurethane; surfactants; Review 1 Introduction The field of

• should be biocompatible, preferentially biodegradable, and with the capacity for proper encapsulation and release of the drug payload. It is also desired that the matrix surface contains reactive or charged groups that facilitate functionalization by covalent or electrostatic bonding. Herein, we review

• obtained as an aqueous dispersion, it facilitates surface functionalization and substance encapsulation [23]. Nanoparticles obtained from nanoemulsions are usually a few tens of nanometers in size and are smaller than the nanoemulsion droplets. In one example, the nanoemulsion droplet templates had a

A novel approach to pulsed laser deposition of platinum catalyst on carbon particles for use in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells

• Bogusław Budner,
• Wojciech Tokarz,
• Sławomir Dyjak,
• Andrzej Czerwiński,
• Bartosz Bartosewicz and
• Bartłomiej Jankiewicz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 190–204, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.19

• an efficient Pt-based catalyst for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) by using a cost-effective and efficient physical method to deposit platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs) on carbon supports directly from the platinum target. The method developed avoids the chemical functionalization of the

• from the platinum target to eliminate the chemical functionalization of the carbon substrate and the chemical synthesis of PtNPs. The Pt catalyst was deposited on synthesized highly graphitized carbon particles and XC-72R commercial carbon support using PLD with a specially designed electromechanical

Structural, optical, and bioimaging characterization of carbon quantum dots solvothermally synthesized from o-phenylenediamine

• Zoran M. Marković,
• Milica D. Budimir,
• Martin Danko,
• Dušan D. Milivojević,
• Pavel Kubat,
• Danica Z. Zmejkoski,
• Vladimir B. Pavlović,
• Marija M. Mojsin,
• Milena J. Stevanović and
• Biljana M. Todorović Marković

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 165–174, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.17

• resistance, and better antioxidant properties compared to pristine CQDs [5]. Functionalization of CQDs with amino groups (NH2 groups) induces a redshift of the photoluminescence because of the charge transfer from the amino groups to the carbon honeycomb core [6]. Also, grafting with NH2 groups, by means of

Antimicrobial and mechanical properties of functionalized textile by nanoarchitectured photoinduced Ag@polymer coating

• Jessica Plé,
• Marine Dabert,
• Helene Lecoq,
• Sophie Hellé,
• Lydie Ploux and
• Lavinia Balan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 95–109, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.11

• photoinduced approach was investigated for textile functionalization with a silver@polymer self-assembled nanocomposite. By exposing the photosensitive formulation containing a silver precursor, a photoinitiator, and acrylic monomers to a UV source, highly reflective metallic coatings were obtained directly on

•  5). This result is of great importance because it confirms the complete photoreduction of the precursor and the absence of any oxidized form of silver in the Ag@polymer coating. Mechanical properties Flexibility and adhesion Functionalization of the textiles with the Ag@polymer does not

• antimicrobial activity due to the increased amount of available silver. Conclusion The innovative photoinduced approach led to the successful functionalization of nano-architectured Ag@polymer composites onto textile substrates. Two different biocompatible polymer matrixes were compared in terms of AgNP growth

Atmospheric water harvesting using functionalized carbon nanocones

• Fernanda R. Leivas and
• Marcia C. Barbosa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1–10, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.1

• occurs due to the presence of hydrophilic sites at the nanocone entrance. The functionalization, together with the high mobility of water inside nanostructures, leads to a fast water flow through the nanostructure. We show using molecular dynamics simulations that this device is able to collect water if

• the surface functionalization is properly selected. Keywords: atmospheric water harvesting; hydrophilicity; hydrophobicity; nanocones; nanotechnology; Introduction Despite water being abundant on Earth, there are at least four billion people suffering from water scarcity [1]. The lack of potable

• hydrophilic groups at the nanocone entrance favors the condensation of water while the hydrophobic sites at the smaller side of the cone generate a fast flow. This combination of nanotube shape and functionalization is key for making a device able to capture water. In this work, we investigate through

Single-step extraction of small-diameter single-walled carbon nanotubes in the presence of riboflavin

• Polina M. Kalachikova,
• Anastasia E. Goldt,
• Eldar M. Khabushev,
• Timofei V. Eremin,
• Timofei S. Zatsepin,
• Elena D. Obraztsova,
• Konstantin V. Larionov,
• Liubov Yu. Antipina,
• Pavel B. Sorokin and
• Albert G. Nasibulin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1564–1571, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.130

• carbon nanotube geometries remain one of the paramount technological challenges for their potential applications [2][5][8][9][10]. The noncovalent functionalization of carbon nanotubes promotes their individualization due to hydrophobic interactions between nanotubes and surfactant molecules that also

Laser-processed antiadhesive bionic combs for handling nanofibers inspired by nanostructures on the legs of cribellate spiders

• Sebastian Lifka,
• Kristóf Harsányi,
• Erich Baumgartner,
• Lukas Pichler,
• Dariya Baiko,
• Karsten Wasmuth,
• Johannes Heitz,
• Marco Meyer,
• Anna-Christin Joel,
• Jörn Bonse and
• Werner Baumgartner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1268–1283, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.105

• . Subsequently, the adhesion of electrospun polyamide fibers was quantified on these structures as well as on polished (flat) control samples as reference. In addition, different randomly rough surfaces were investigated and compared to the LIPSS. This bioinspired laser-based surface functionalization paves a

Studies of probe tip materials by atomic force microscopy: a review

• Ke Xu and
• Yuzhe Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1256–1267, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.104

• mechanical properties of the cantilever beam directly affect the performance, measurement resolution, and image quality of the AFM instrument. AFM probe tips [9][10] are generally fabricated with coatings, carbon nanotubes, magnetic nanoparticles, or even protein functionalization. A combination of probe

• shows that AFM tips sharpened by extracting individual metal nanoclusters can significantly reduce vdW interactions between the tip and the sample and improve spatial resolution. This type of nano-tip is exceptionally robust and can detect different samples. It is expected that tip functionalization

Design of surface nanostructures for chirality sensing based on quartz crystal microbalance

• Yinglin Ma,
• Xiangyun Xiao and
• Qingmin Ji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1201–1219, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.100

• enantiodiscrimination. Porphyrin derivatives. Porphyrins and metalloporphyrins have been proposed to be suitable hosts for chirality sensing due to their functionalization at peripheral positions of the framework and easily monitoring of structural changes by strong optical absorptions [79][80][81]. They may also be

A cantilever-based, ultrahigh-vacuum, low-temperature scanning probe instrument for multidimensional scanning force microscopy

• Hao Liu,
• Zuned Ahmed,
• Sasa Vranjkovic,
• Manfred Parschau,
• Andrada-Oana Mandru and
• Hans J. Hug

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1120–1140, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.95

Recent advances in green carbon dots (2015–2022): synthesis, metal ion sensing, and biological applications

• Aisha Kanwal,
• Naheed Bibi,
• Sajjad Hyder,
• Arif Muhammad,
• Hao Ren,
• Jiangtao Liu and
• Zhongli Lei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1068–1107, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.93

• equipment because of its superior antibacterial, light-admitting, and flexible features [28]. In another report, CDs were prepared from egg white using a one-step hydrothermal method. Carbonization, N-doping, and surface functionalization all occurred simultaneously during the hydrothermal reaction. The CDs

• physical characteristics, demonstrating the crystalline structure, and determining type and sufficiency of functionalization groups attached on the surface of the CDs (Figure 8). A brief description is provided in this

Bioselectivity of silk protein-based materials and their bio-inspired applications

• Hendrik Bargel,
• Vanessa T. Trossmann,
• Christoph Sommer and
• Thomas Scheibel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 902–921, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.81

• biologically active peptide sequences regarding their natural origin, their functions, their cellular effects, the targeted tissues, or the engineered and designed scaffolds [31][32][33][34][35][36]. The most prominent and important adhesive peptide sequence used for functionalization and increasing the

• ]. Functionalization of material surfaces is consistently one important step in tissue engineering, especially in the case of implants, where the interaction of cells with the surface is desired [32][44]. However, in the case of 3D structures, bioactive factors must be present in the bulk material and surround the

• reported an intrinsic ability of the recombinant spider silk proteins to prevent biofouling due to bacterial manifestation. In addition, functionalization of the silk proteins with antimicrobial biologicals displayed increased inhibition of surface fouling [179]. Fusion proteins combining recombinant MaSp1

DNA aptamer selection and construction of an aptasensor based on graphene FETs for Zika virus NS1 protein detection

• Nathalie B. F. Almeida,
• Thiago A. S. L. Sousa,
• Viviane C. F. Santos,
• Camila M. S. Lacerda,
• Thais G. Silva,
• Rafaella F. Q. Grenfell,
• Flavio Plentz and
• Antero S. R. Andrade

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 873–881, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.78

• characterization, the selectivity of this aptamer towards ZIKV NS1 protein diluted in human serum. The functionalized graphene devices exhibit an evident recognition of NS1 ranging from 0.01 to 100 pg/mL. As a result, the efficiency of our functionalization protocol in combination with the distinguished

• layer of SU-8. Figure S1a (Supporting Information File 1) shows an optical microscopy image of the typical CVD graphene device used in this work. The functionalization of the graphene devices with ZIKV60 aptamers was realized by overnight incubation in wet atmosphere with a 5 μL drop of 1 μM ZIKV60

• . The electrical characterization for both demonstration of graphene functionalization with ZIKV60 aptamers and ZIKV NS1 protein detection consisted of DC measurements of the graphene transistors transfer characteristics. We conducted these measurements via electrolyte gating, utilizing a Keysight

Detection and imaging of Hg(II) in vivo using glutathione-functionalized gold nanoparticles

• Gufeng Li,
• Shaoqing Li,
• Rui Wang,
• Min Yang,
• Lizhu Zhang,
• Yanli Zhang,
• Wenrong Yang and
• Hongbin Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 549–559, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.46

• . Conclusion In this work, we conjugated GNPs with rhodamine 6G derivatives by surface functionalization of gold nanoparticles with glutathione. The conjugates can be used to generate a fluorescence signal in the presence of Hg2+. The fluorescence signal of GNPs-GSH-Rh6G2 in HEPES buffer solution shows a

Zinc oxide nanostructures for fluorescence and Raman signal enhancement: a review

• Ioana Marica,
• Fran Nekvapil,
• Maria Ștefan,
• Cosmin Farcău and
• Alexandra Falamaș

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 472–490, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.40

• polyols, such as high boiling point (up to 320 °C) and dielectric constant, the solubility of simple metal salt precursors, and coordinating properties for surface functionalization preventing agglomeration [27]. The ZnO NPs obtained from polyol synthesis showed excellent crystalline quality and

A comprehensive review on electrospun nanohybrid membranes for wastewater treatment

• Senuri Kumarage,
• Imalka Munaweera and
• Nilwala Kottegoda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 137–159, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.10

• fiber functionalization through blending the functionalizing material with the polymer prior to electrospinning, post-spinning surface functionalization, or the use of a coaxial electrospinning setup make electrospinning a superior technique for membrane fabrication [2]. The smaller size endows the

Biocompatibility and cytotoxicity in vitro of surface-functionalized drug-loaded spinel ferrite nanoparticles

• Sadaf Mushtaq,
• Khuram Shahzad,
• Tariq Saeed,
• Anwar Ul-Hamid,
• Bilal Haider Abbasi,
• Nafees Ahmad,
• Waqas Khalid,
• Muhammad Atif,
• Zulqurnain Ali and
• Rashda Abbasi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1339–1364, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.99

• permeability and retention (EPR) effect [7]. Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have gained significant attention as effective drug delivery systems due to their distinct physiochemical attributes, high surface-to-volume ratio, and the possibility of surface functionalization [8]. Furthermore, magnetic-field

• which enables controlled and nontoxic biological interactions [18]. The hydrophilicity of the nanocarriers is important, as native hydrophobic surfaces of NPs are rapidly opsonized by hydrophobic serum proteins [19]. For this, surface functionalization has a major role [18]. It alters the surface

• hydrophobic NPs was achieved by the functionalization with an amphiphilic brush copolymer, poly(isobutylene-alt-maleic anhydride) (PMA) implanted with dodecylamine, which provides biocompatibility, colloidal stability, and hydrophilicity [22]. It is composed of hydrophobic side chains and the backbone of

Impact of electron–phonon coupling on electron transport through T-shaped arrangements of quantum dots in the Kondo regime

• Patryk Florków and
• Stanisław Lipiński

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1209–1225, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.89

• also a great interest in the interplay of strong correlations and interference in multiply connected geometries, for example, in T-shaped systems, where a dot or a molecule are side-coupled to a quantum wire [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26]. Sidewall chemical functionalization of molecular wires is

Self-assembly of amino acids toward functional biomaterials

• Huan Ren,
• Lifang Wu,
• Lina Tan,
• Yanni Bao,
• Yuchen Ma,
• Yong Jin and
• Qianli Zou

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1140–1150, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.85

• biomedical science. The nanostructure of amino acids can be a good substitute for therapeutic delivery due to its good biocompatibility, functionalization, and ease of design/synthesis. Self-assembled nanostructures have become smart tools in the biomedical field, as demonstrated by the ability of self

Molecular assemblies on surfaces: towards physical and electronic decoupling of organic molecules

• Sabine Maier and
• Meike Stöhr

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 950–956, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.71

• from the substrates [73]. Suitable functionalization of molecules is another concept to vary their adsorption strength on metal substrates. For instance, partial fluorination of pentacene molecules decreased the adsorption strength on strongly interacting substrates such as Cu [74] but did not result

• changing chemical environment. Next, we outline articles that use 2D materials and ultrathin dielectric layers as decoupling layers. While on the one hand, molecular functionalization is a powerful approach to tune the electronic and optical properties of 2D materials, in particular for many practical

The role of deep eutectic solvents and carrageenan in synthesizing biocompatible anisotropic metal nanoparticles

• Nabojit Das,
• Akash Kumar and
• Raja Gopal Rayavarapu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 924–938, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.69

• reducing agent in the dispersion phase [33]. Furthermore, a stabilizing/capping agent is used for enhanced stability and functionalization for the intended application. The wet chemical route allows for a high degree of controllability and reproducibility in synthesizing anisotropic nanomaterials

• different shapes using the seed-mediated approach. Chitosan was used for post functionalization of (A) gold nanospheres, (B) nanorods and (C) nanostars. Adapted from [54], © 2019 Y. J. Lee et al., distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Licence, http