An overview of microneedle applications, materials, and fabrication methods

• Zahra Faraji Rad,
• Philip D. Prewett and
• Graham J. Davies

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1034–1046, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.77

• microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) and provided a platform for microfabrication of compact miniaturized medical devices for human health screening, monitoring, and diagnostic purposes. Microneedles are microstructures that are sharp and robust enough for skin penetration, made using MEMS technology. The application

Nanogenerator-based self-powered sensors for data collection

• Yicheng Shao,
• Maoliang Shen,
• Yuankai Zhou,
• Xin Cui,
• Lijie Li and
• Yan Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 680–693, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.54

• rehabilitation, sports training, human motion recognition, respiratory monitoring, and human 3D motion modeling [78][79][80]. These data can be used for real-time detection of human health or human–computer interaction [81][82]. Wen et al. [22] manufactured a transparent and stretchable wrinkled (maximum strain

• , and vocal cords [85][86]. Without external power supply, the back-end data processing technology can realize real-time detection and early warning of human health [87]. For example, voice can be recognized by vocal cord vibration, which can be recorded with a biosensor attached to the skin of the

• physiological activities. An important indicator of human health is the composition of body fluids. The large amount of mechanical energy generated by the human body can also be used to drive a self-powered body fluid sensor to collect body fluid data [31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38]. In addition to the real

Characterization, bio-uptake and toxicity of polymer-coated silver nanoparticles and their interaction with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells

• Sahar Pourhoseini,
• Reilly T. Enos,
• Angela E. Murphy,
• Bo Cai and
• Jamie R. Lead

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 282–294, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.23

• , Columbia, SC, 29208, United States 10.3762/bjnano.12.23 Abstract Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are widely used in medical applications due to their antibacterial and antiviral properties. Despite the extensive study of AgNPs, their toxicity and their effect on human health is poorly understood, as a result

• colonization on different surfaces, such as catheters and prostheses [13][14], which raises concern about Ag release in the body and their potential negative impact on human health. For instance, the silver concentration in the blood of people without any occupational or medicinal exposure is less than 1 µg·L

A review on the biological effects of nanomaterials on silkworm (Bombyx mori)

• Sandra Senyo Fometu,
• Guohua Wu,
• Lin Ma and
• Joan Shine Davids

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 190–202, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.15

• [36] on farms. As mentioned earlier, nanomaterials are used in various sectors and it is imperative to assess their impact on the environment and on human health. Animal models are extensively used in order to elucidate the mechanisms underlying biological processes, to test the efficacy of new drugs

• . Concentration levels above 50 μg/mL of graphene oxide caused a higher mortality rate, delayed the hatching rate, impaired movements, and delayed embryonic development when compared to oxidized carbon nano-horns. These reports indicate that the exposure to some nanomaterials poses a threat to human health and to

Toward graphene textiles in wearable eye tracking systems for human–machine interaction

• Ata Jedari Golparvar and
• Murat Kaya Yapici

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 180–189, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.14

• , there have been many studies on skin-compatible, body-worn devices, collectively referred to as wearable electronics, for applications ranging from energy harvesting to human health and motion monitoring [28][29][30][31][32][33][34]. In a second demonstration, we have investigated the potential of the

Cu₂O nanoparticles for the degradation of methyl parathion

• Juan Rizo,
• David Díaz,
• Benito Reyes-Trejo and
• M. Josefina Arellano-Jiménez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1546–1555, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.137

• parathion (MP), is among the most acutely toxic pesticides used in agriculture [4][5][6]. MP includes other risks for human health, such as the induction of changes in tertiary villi of the placenta of women exposed to this OPP [7]. It has been estimated that in the year 2020 about 153,000 metric tons of

Antimicrobial metal-based nanoparticles: a review on their synthesis, types and antimicrobial action

• Matías Guerrero Correa,
• Fernanda B. Martínez,
• Cristian Patiño Vidal,
• Camilo Streitt,
• Juan Escrig and
• Carol Lopez de Dicastillo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1450–1469, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.129

Ultrasensitive detection of cadmium ions using a microcantilever-based piezoresistive sensor for groundwater

• Dinesh Rotake,
• Anand Darji and
• Nitin Kale

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1242–1253, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.108

• expanding their deleterious effect on human health and the environment. The proposed technique uses a blend of thin-film and microcantilever (micro-electromechanical systems) technology, which mitigate the disadvantages of the nanoparticle approaches, for the selective detection of Cd(II) with a LOD below

Gram-scale synthesis of splat-shaped Ag–TiO₂ nanocomposites for enhanced antimicrobial properties

• Mohammad Jaber,
• Asim Mushtaq,
• Kebiao Zhang,
• Jindan Wu,
• Dandan Luo,
• Zihan Yi,
• M. Zubair Iqbal and
• Xiangdong Kong

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1119–1125, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.96

• reproduction rate, such as virus, fungi and bacteria, has an influence on the human health and environment. However, it is a challenge to find remedies against these bacteria to control the permanent adhesive reaction. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved some potential antibacterial agents

Molecular architectonics of DNA for functional nanoarchitectures

• Debasis Ghosh,
• Lakshmi P. Datta and
• Thimmaiah Govindaraju

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 124–140, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.11

• assembly systems points at potential drug delivery systems for small molecular and gene-based drugs. Mercury is one of the most toxic heavy metals, with a severe impact on human health already at ultralow concentrations [20][72][73][74]. Selective binding of Hg(II) with thymine is a highly feasible

Synthesis and acetone sensing properties of ZnFe₂O₄/rGO gas sensors

• Kaidi Wu,
• Yifan Luo,
• Ying Li and
• Chao Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2516–2526, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.242

• human health [1][2]. Furthermore, acetone is also a fat metabolite in the human body. According to the related literature, the concentration of acetone in the exhaled gas of healthy people is less than 0.8 ppm, while that in exhaled gas of diabetic patients is higher than 1.8 ppm [3][4]. In this view

Multiwalled carbon nanotube based aromatic volatile organic compound sensor: sensitivity enhancement through 1-hexadecanethiol functionalisation

• Nadra Bohli,
• Meryem Belkilani,
• Juan Casanova-Chafer,
• Eduard Llobet and
• Adnane Abdelghani

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2364–2373, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.227

• benzene and toluene are hazardous vapours causing considerable damage to human health upon extended exposure. Benzene, for example, is known to have a carcinogenic effect on exposed humans. Since 2008, toluene and benzene monitoring is mandatory by the European Air Quality Directive, where the upper and

Lipid nanostructures for antioxidant delivery: a comparative preformulation study

• Elisabetta Esposito,
• Maddalena Sguizzato,
• Markus Drechsler,
• Paolo Mariani,
• Federica Carducci,
• Claudio Nastruzzi,
• Giuseppe Valacchi and
• Rita Cortesi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1789–1801, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.174

• " University of Bayreuth, Germany Dipartmento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, I-60131 Ancona, Italy NC State University, Plants for Human Health Institute, Animal Science Dept. NC Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA Department of Biomedical and Specialist

• lipid carriers (NLCs); retinoic acid; skin pollution; solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs); Introduction Air pollution increasingly affects industrialized urban areas in a negative manner with dramatic consequences for the environment and human health. This problem also affects rural areas, worsening the

Novel hollow titanium dioxide nanospheres with antimicrobial activity against resistant bacteria

• Carol López de Dicastillo,
• Cristian Patiño,
• María José Galotto,
• Yesseny Vásquez-Martínez,
• Claudia Torrent,
• Daniela Alburquenque,
• Alejandro Pereira and
• Juan Escrig

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1716–1725, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.167

• ; atomic layer deposition; electrospinning; hollow nanospheres; titanium dioxide; Introduction Microbial contamination and the increase of multidrug bacterial resistance have become two major current concerns for food safety and human health due to the number of food-borne diseases and nosocomial

Tailoring the stability/aggregation of one-dimensional TiO₂(B)/titanate nanowires using surfactants

• Atiđa Selmani,
• Johannes Lützenkirchen,
• Kristina Kučanda,
• Dario Dabić,
• Engelbert Redel,
• Ida Delač Marion,
• Damir Kralj,
• Darija Domazet Jurašin and
• Maja Dutour Sikirić

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1024–1037, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.103

• . Considering that the size of nano- and microaggregates greatly influences their degree of toxicity, and consequently their impact on human health and the environment, the conditions under which aggregation occurs are of interest for environmental but also for biomedical applications [13][14]. The stability of

Layered calcium phenylphosphonate: a hybrid material for a new generation of nanofillers

• Kateřina Kopecká,
• Ludvík Beneš,
• Klára Melánová,
• Vítězslav Zima,
• Petr Knotek and
• Kateřina Zetková

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2906–2915, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.269

• compounds are used as flame retardant agents as an alternative to halogenated compound, which are effective but, on the other hand, they are considered to be hazardous for the environment and human health [21]. The structure of CaPhP contains a high amount of phosphorus as well as bound water molecules and

Graphene-enhanced metal oxide gas sensors at room temperature: a review

• Dongjin Sun,
• Yifan Luo,
• Marc Debliquy and
• Chao Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2832–2844, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.264

• to explore the ability to detect nonpolar and large molecules, such as volatile organic compounds (VOCs) which are extremely harmful to human health and the environment. The interaction of these molecules with graphene/metal-oxide sensors is different from that of the polar molecules, and graphene

Synthesis of a MnO₂/Fe₃O₄/diatomite nanocomposite as an efficient heterogeneous Fenton-like catalyst for methylene blue degradation

• Zishun Li,
• Xuekun Tang,
• Kun Liu,
• Jing Huang,
• Yueyang Xu,
• Qian Peng and
• Minlin Ao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1940–1950, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.185

• ) oxide (Fe3O4); manganese(IV) oxide (MnO2); Introduction Organic contaminants are widely distributed in water and soil due to the excessive emissions of industrial processes, which causes a great threat to the ecosystem as well as to human health [1][2][3]. Most of the organic pollutants are toxic and

Uniform cobalt nanoparticles embedded in hexagonal mesoporous nanoplates as a magnetically separable, recyclable adsorbent

• Can Zhao,
• Yuexiao Song,
• Tianyu Xiang,
• Wenxiu Qu,
• Shuo Lou,
• Xiaohong Yin and
• Feng Xin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1770–1781, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.168

• area and high surface energy [1][2]. In the past few decades, researchers showed great interest in designing various nanocomposites for many potential applications, among which water pollution treatment has become an important issue for human health and environmental protection [3][4][5]. A large

Electrodeposition of reduced graphene oxide with chitosan based on the coordination deposition method

• Mingyang Liu,
• Yanjun Chen,
• Chaoran Qin,
• Zheng Zhang,
• Shuai Ma,
• Xiuru Cai,
• Xueqian Li and
• Yifeng Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1200–1210, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.111

• electrochemical detection of glucose, NH3 gas, NO2 gas, ethanol and acetone [40][41][42][43]. Besides, graphene-based sensors have been used to detect phenolic compounds which are aromatic pollutants to the environment and human health [44][45]. These graphene-based sensors exhibit the high detection performance

Review on nanoparticles and nanostructured materials: history, sources, toxicity and regulations

• Jaison Jeevanandam,
• Ahmed Barhoum,
• Yen S. Chan,
• Alain Dufresne and
• Michael K. Danquah

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1050–1074, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.98

• ], TiO2 NPs [86] and hydroxyapatites [87] are present in commercial cosmetics, sporting goods, sunscreen and toothpaste. Thus, these synthetic NPs are a new genre of NPs that may induce adverse environmental and human health effects. Nanoparticles from diesel and engine exhaust: In cosmopolitan cities and

Noble metal-modified titania with visible-light activity for the decomposition of microorganisms

• Maya Endo,
• Zhishun Wei,
• Kunlei Wang,
• Baris Karabiyik,
• Kenta Yoshiiri,
• Paulina Rokicka,
• Bunsho Ohtani,
• Agata Markowska-Szczupak and
• Ewa Kowalska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 829–841, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.77

• methods, such as UV irradiation and ozonation. Although, chlorine can inactivate some microorganisms completely, it may also negatively influence water environment, and even animal and human health, e.g., the chlorination by-products are mutagenic and carcinogenic [3]. Moreover, chlorine disinfection has

• and lack of proper ventilation are significant factors affecting the growth of mould fungi in indoor environment. Some moulds produce spores that pose a serious threat to human health, e.g., chronic fatigue and allergic asthma. Long-term exposure to indoor moulds aggravates mentioned symptoms and can

A review of carbon-based and non-carbon-based catalyst supports for the selective catalytic reduction of nitric oxide

• Shahreen Binti Izwan Anthonysamy,
• Syahidah Binti Afandi,
• Mehrnoush Khavarian and
• Abdul Rahman Bin Mohamed

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 740–761, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.68

• problem, which affects the natural characteristics of the atmosphere (gaseous constituents, water vapour that determines humidity and ozone layer) and adversely impacts the environment and human health. Nitrogen oxides (NOx, x = 1, 2) are irritant gases that cause problems such as photochemical smog

Optimisation of purification techniques for the preparation of large-volume aqueous solar nanoparticle inks for organic photovoltaics

• Furqan Almyahi,
• Thomas R. Andersen,
• Nathan A. Cooling,
• Natalie P. Holmes,
• Matthew J. Griffith,
• Krishna Feron,
• Xiaojing Zhou,
• Warwick J. Belcher and
• Paul C. Dastoor

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 649–659, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.60

• toxicity as they are harmful towards both environmental and human health. In reality, water is the eco-friendly solvent and is therefore a more sustainable solvent for upscaling of OPVs [6]. Some low molecular weight alcohols are also frequently used as green solvents in the printing industry, whereas they

Sensing behavior of flower-shaped MoS₂ nanoflakes: case study with methanol and xylene

• Maryam Barzegar,
• Masoud Berahman and
• Azam Iraji zad

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 608–615, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.57

• , which reduces the final cost of the sensor. To demonstrate this potential, we consider xylene and methanol molecules as the target gases. Xylene is a nonpolar colorless flammable gas that not only pollutes the environment but is also directly harmful to human health as a carcinogenic gas. Since xylene