Development of polycationic amphiphilic cyclodextrin nanoparticles for anticancer drug delivery

• Gamze Varan,
• Juan M. Benito,
• Carmen Ortiz Mellet and
• Erem Bilensoy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1457–1468, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.145

• month in aqueous form to determine the physical stability of PCX-loaded amphiphilic CD nanoparticle dispersions. Figure 2, Figure 3 and Figure 4 show that there is no significant difference for particle size, PDI and zeta potential of PCX-loaded and blank CD nanoparticle formulations (p > 0.05). PCX

• nanoparticles as well as drug entrapped per unit polymer. The in vitro cumulative release profile of PCX from CD nanoparticles was determined with the dialysis membrane technique under sink conditions in a shaking water bath at 37 °C in PBS pH 7.4. Briefly, drug-loaded nanoparticle dispersions were added in the

• nanoparticles were stored in ultrapure water at 4 °C and the mean particle size, PDI values and zeta potential were obtained periodically for 30 days in aqueous dispersion form to elucidate whether PCX crystals are formed or any aggregation/precipitation is observed upon storage of the nanoparticle dispersions

Cationic PEGylated polycaprolactone nanoparticles carrying post-operation docetaxel for glioma treatment

• Cem Varan and
• Erem Bilensoy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1446–1456, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.144

• than 100 nm and a net positive surface charge to facilitate cellular internalization of drug-loaded nanoparticles. Hydroxypropyl cellulose films were prepared to incorporate these nanoparticle dispersions to complete the implantable drug delivery system. Results: The diameter of core–shell

• mePEG-PCL nanoparticles increased by 13–23 nm during this period. However, this increase is not statistically significant. Consequently, it can be said that aqueous dispersions of drug-loaded nanoparticles are physically stable for a period of 1 month. Encapsulation efficacy of drug-loaded nanoparticles

• that all formulations are safe for in vivo application, regardless of dose or time. Anticancer efficacy of docetaxel-loaded nanoparticles The anticancer efficacy of drug-loaded nanoparticle dispersions were determined on rat glioma cell line RG2. As seen in Figure 7, anticancer efficiency is enhanced

Low uptake of silica nanoparticles in Caco-2 intestinal epithelial barriers

• Dong Ye,
• Mattia Bramini,
• Delyan R. Hristov,
• Sha Wan,
• Anna Salvati,
• Christoffer Åberg and
• Kenneth A. Dawson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1396–1406, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.141

• stocks were cleaned (by pelleting and resuspending in fresh buffer) prior to experiments with cells. Sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) confirmed that for both nanoparticles, no labile dye was present in the nanoparticle dispersions (Supporting Information File 1

• , with no signs of agglomeration, though naturally serum protein adsorption increases the sizes. Table 1 also shows auxiliary dispersion characterisation by dynamic light scattering (DLS), leading to the same conclusions. Nanoparticle dispersions were prepared with and without FBS protein in order to

• effects of bioaccumulation over chronic exposure. Experimental Nanoparticle characterisation Green fluorescently labelled SiO2-NPs of 50 and 150 nm diameters were synthesized in house according to previous literature [42]. Particle dispersions were characterised at 100 µg/mL in 0% and 10% foetal bovine

3D continuum phonon model for group-IV 2D materials

• Morten Willatzen,
• Lok C. Lew Yan Voon,
• Appala Naidu Gandi and
• Udo Schwingenschlögl

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1345–1356, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.136

• acoustic modes with linear dispersions and out-of-plane transverse acoustic modes with quadratic dispersions (the latter being consistent with the elastic theory of thin plates) to construct either a Lagrangian [10] or equations of motion [11]. Goupalov also considered optical phonons but simply

• coordinate in the analysis to reveal the true phonon dispersions as observed experimentally and in DFT calculations. The general 3D elastic equations are given by the equation of motion [14] where Tik is the stress tensor, ρ is the mass density, and ui is the displacement. Equation 1 contains all the physics

• -centered 24 × 24 × 1 k-meshes. A direct method based on 4 × 4 × 1 supercells is used for obtaining the phonon dispersions within the harmonic approximation [20]. Forces are evaluated on 3 × 3 × 1 k-meshes, including long-range dipole contributions to the dynamical matrix following the method of [21]. Born

Miniemulsion copolymerization of (meth)acrylates in the presence of functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes for reinforced coating applications

• Bertha T. Pérez-Martínez,
• Lorena Farías-Cepeda,
• Víctor M. Ovando-Medina,
• José M. Asua,
• Lucero Rosales-Marines and
• Radmila Tomovska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1328–1337, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.134

• technology (blends of latexes and CNT dispersions) [13][14][15][16][17], and in situ polymerization [8][12][18][19][20][21]. In situ polymerization can be performed in solution, bulk and in dispersed media. Polymerization in dispersed media allows a relatively easy control of the reactor temperature (which

• surfactant on the kinetics of miniemulsion polymerization of butyl acrylate (BA) in the presence of CNTs. Waterborne polymer dispersions are mainly used for coatings and adhesives, which involve the formation of films directly cast from the dispersion, usually at ambient temperature [22][24]. This limits the

• potential application of the dispersions prepared in the works discussed above [18][32][33][34] because high glass transition temperature (Tg) polymers that do not form films at ambient temperature were synthesized. From BA dispersions, the adhesive films might eventually be prepared; however, Capek and

Carbon nanomaterials sensitize prostate cancer cells to docetaxel and mitomycin C via induction of apoptosis and inhibition of proliferation

• Kati Erdmann,
• Jessica Ringel,
• Silke Hampel,
• Manfred P. Wirth and
• Susanne Fuessel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1307–1317, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.132

• , USA). The physico-chemical properties of both carbon nanomaterials have been determined previously [13][28] and are summarized in Table 4. Chemotherapeutics were provided by the in-house pharmacy (University Hospital, Dresden, Germany). Dispersions of the carbon nanomaterials were freshly prepared as

Bright fluorescent silica-nanoparticle probes for high-resolution STED and confocal microscopy

• Isabella Tavernaro,
• Christian Cavelius,
• Henrike Peuschel and
• Annette Kraegeloh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1283–1296, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.130

• particle dispersions were diluted 1:10 in MilliQ water. Measurements were performed at room temperature. Each sample was measured three times with at least three runs (3 min/run). The mean hydrodynamic diameter was determined by using the cumulants analysis and a size distribution using a regularization

AgCl-doped CdSe quantum dots with near-IR photoluminescence

• Pavel A. Kotin,
• Sergey S. Bubenov,
• Natalia E. Mordvinova and
• Sergey G. Dorofeev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1156–1166, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.117

• with a Varian Cary 50 spectrophotometer from 300 to 1100 nm. The fluorescence was measured with 405 nm laser excitation and detected by an Ocean Optics USB 4000 spectrometer calibrated by a 2600 K W-lamp (450–1100 nm). The energy QYs were determined in diluted dispersions relative to rhodamine 6G

Preparation of thick silica coatings on carbon fibers with fine-structured silica nanotubes induced by a self-assembly process

• Benjamin Baumgärtner,
• Hendrik Möller,
• Thomas Neumann and
• Dirk Volkmer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1145–1155, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.116

• dispersions leads to a non-exhaustive coating of the surface. For a more or less complete surface coating, the fiber density in the dispersion should not exceed 1.5 g/L. This challenge and a potential interlocking of silicified fibers are insignificant for a coating process of carbon fiber felts. An activated

α-((4-Cyanobenzoyl)oxy)-ω-methyl poly(ethylene glycol): a new stabilizer for silver nanoparticles

• Jana Lutze,
• Miguel A. Bañares,
• Marcos Pita,
• Andrea Haase,
• Andreas Luch and
• Andreas Taubert

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 627–635, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.67

• essential to obtain and retain stable particle dispersions [11][14][15][16]. Synthetic particles often have coatings made from polymers such as poly(vinyl pyrrolidone), poly(vinyl alcohol), or poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG). PEG-based coatings are particularly popular [17][18]. This is also due to the high

• ) for samples incubated in dispersions with a pH of 12. In contrast, the zeta potentials measured for samples treated at lower pH are around −20 to −30 mV. Unlike the zeta potential, the hydrodynamic radius Rh (as determined by DLS) remains the same at all pH values and over the entire time of

• distributions. DLS sometimes detects bimodal size distributions and in other cases monomodal but very broad distributions. This is also reflected in the rather large deviations from the mean value of Rh (Table 1) and is consistent with the UV–vis spectra (Figure 2). Discussion Stable nanoparticle dispersions

Investigation of the photocatalytic efficiency of tantalum alkoxy carboxylate-derived Ta₂O₅ nanoparticles in rhodamine B removal

• Subia Ambreen,
• Mohammad Danish,
• Narendra D. Pandey and
• Ashutosh Pandey

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 604–613, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.65

• nanoparticles samples are found to be in the range of 120–170 nm. The oxide nanoparticles are moderately evenly dispersed in all cases. DLS measurements To study the properties of nanoparticles in dispersion dynamic light scattering (DLS) experiments were carried out. Stable dispersions of Ta2O5 nanoparticles

• in chloroform were prepared by using the surfactant trioctylphosphine oxide (TOPO). TOPO molecules provide stability and uniformity to the nanoparticles in chloroform. Table 2 shows the obtained particle sizes and distributions of Ta2O5 in chloroform dispersions. It can be seen that the TOPO-coated

Performance of colloidal CdS sensitized solar cells with ZnO nanorods/nanoparticles

• Anurag Roy,
• Partha Pratim Das,
• Mukta Tathavadekar,
• Sumita Das and
• Parukuttyamma Sujatha Devi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 210–221, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.23

• analysis, as shown in Figure 3b. Further investigation of contact angle (CA) measurements by using CdS dispersions on ZnO-based films justifies the sensitization capability. The reduced CA value of 19.6° for the film fabricated with ZnO-P further ascertains its better CdS affinity whereas a moderate CA

Tunable plasmons in regular planar arrays of graphene nanoribbons with armchair and zigzag-shaped edges

• Cristian Vacacela Gomez,
• Michele Pisarra,
• Mario Gravina and
• Antonello Sindona

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 172–182, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.18

• ) exhibit markedly discontinuous dispersions, being split into more branches [31]. This is a consequence of the narrow widths of the two systems that generate several, distinct one-dimensional bands of π- and σ-character (Figure 1c,d). By increasing the GNR width (w > 1 nm), the number of bands increases

• , and less disjoint plasmon dispersions appear, which clearly tend to the continuous patterns of graphene (w→∞). Thus, semiconducting and semimetallic GNRs have plasmon resonances in the visible (VIS) to ultraviolet (UV) regime that may be controlled by the GNR width. This tunability feature is

• the π and π–σ plasmons of graphene. Their peak positions and dispersions are mostly influenced by the GNR width. At energies smaller than 2 eV, two more intriguing collective excitations appear, which correspond to recently reported edge and surface plasmons [26]. These modes are strongly sensitive

Streptavidin-coated gold nanoparticles: critical role of oligonucleotides on stability and fractal aggregation

• Roberta D'Agata,
• Pasquale Palladino and
• Giuseppe Spoto

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1–11, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.1

• immersed in a non-adsorbing solution of double-stranded DNA [20], according to the Asakura–Oosawa model for depletion flocculation in colloidal dispersions [21][22][23][24][25]. This evidence support the hypothesis that surface deposited single or double stranded DNA, if released in solution, could cause

• suspensions [1]. Figure 2 shows the absorbance spectra of AuNP dispersions before and after the nanoparticle functionalization. Bare AuNPs exhibit a localized SPR peak at 520 nm that shifted to 524 and 528 nm upon adsorption of SA on the nanoparticle surface and subsequent conjugation with BiotinDNA

• compared to citrate-stabilized AuNPs ζ-potential (Table 1) contributes to improving the stability of functionalized nanoparticles dispersions. Nanoparticles modified with biotinylated oligonucleotides are spontaneously redispersed because of steric and electrostatic repulsion provided by the introduction

Solvent-mediated conductance increase of dodecanethiol-stabilized gold nanoparticle monolayers

• Patrick A. Reissner,
• Jean-Nicolas Tisserant,
• Antoni Sánchez-Ferrer,
• Raffaele Mezzenga and
• Andreas Stemmer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 2057–2064, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.196

• nanoparticle was obtained by fitting the intensity profile of dilute dispersions (0.1 and 0.01 wt % in water) with the polydisperse spherical nanoparticle model (Supporting Information File 1, Figures S4, and S5). This allowed us to evaluate the radius of the particles either from the fitting model (r = 5.32

Intercalation and structural aspects of macroRAFT agents into MgAl layered double hydroxides

• Dessislava Kostadinova,
• Ana Cenacchi Pereira,
• Muriel Lansalot,
• Franck D’Agosto,
• Elodie Bourgeat-Lami,
• Fabrice Leroux,
• Christine Taviot-Guého,
• Sylvian Cadars and
• Vanessa Prevot

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 2000–2012, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.191

• ) polymerization [43] in the LDH matrix. This resulted in an exfoliated LDH/polystyrene nanocomposite with a good control of the molar mass of the polystyrene chains. Recently, we reported that highly stable dispersions at elevated macroRAFT copolymer concentrations [44] could be obtained by adsorbing statistical

A dioxaborine cyanine dye as a photoluminescence probe for sensing carbon nanotubes

• Mohammed Al Araimi,
• Petro Lutsyk,
• Anatoly Verbitsky,
• Yuri Piryatinski,
• Mykola Shandura and
• Aleksey Rozhin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1991–1999, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.190

• , 2H), 7.87 (d, J = 9 Hz, 1H), 8.13 (t, J = 12 Hz, 1H), 8.29 (t, J = 12 Hz, 1H). Preparation of SWNTs SWNTs were prepared in a similar manner as described in [12], where purified SWNTs (CoMoCAT) were used to prepare the SWNT dispersions. 1.2 mg of the SWNTs were dispersed in 20 mL of deionized (DI

• ) water in the presence of 6.5 mg sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS). We selected SDBS among other ionic surfactants because of its high efficiency in dispersing SWNTs [27][28]. The above dispersions were exposed to ultrasonication (NanoRuptor, Diagenode) for 1 h at 21 kHz and 250 W. Then, the

• dispersions were subjected to ultracentrifugation for 3 h at 17 °C at 45000 rpm (Beckman Coulter Optima Max-XP, MLS 50 rotor) to remove the aggregate phase and obtain the supernatant solutions of debundled SWNTs. The top 70% of the dispersion is then decanted. To prepare mixture of DOB-719, we used 20% of the

Zigzag phosphorene nanoribbons: one-dimensional resonant channels in two-dimensional atomic crystals

• Carlos. J. Páez,
• Dario. A. Bahamon,
• Ana L. C. Pereira and
• Peter. A. Schulz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1983–1990, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.189

• tailored in, are also summarized in Figure 1. The inset in Figure 1c depicts the energy window of interest, showing the top (bottom) of the valence (conduction) band and an effectively degenerate central band [11]. These central bands present cosine-like dispersions characteristic for 1D systems [11

Antitumor magnetic hyperthermia induced by RGD-functionalized Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles, in an experimental model of colorectal liver metastases

• Oihane K. Arriortua,
• Eneko Garaio,
• Borja Herrero de la Parte,
• Maite Insausti,
• Luis Lezama,
• Fernando Plazaola,
• Jose Angel García,
• Jesús M. Aizpurua,
• Maialen Sagartzazu,
• Mireia Irazola,
• Nestor Etxebarria,
• Ignacio García-Alonso,
• Alberto Saiz-López and
• José Javier Echevarria-Uraga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1532–1542, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.147

• amplitude (1–15 kA/m) at different frequencies (149, 302, 676 and 1030 kHz) for toluene dispersions of Fe3O4@OA and water dispersions of Fe3O4@PMAO and Fe3O4@PMAO_RGD. Above 600 kHz and 10 kA/m, all the dispersions present significant response, higher than 500 W/g. Taking into account that RGD

Deformation-driven catalysis of nanocrystallization in amorphous Al alloys

• Rainer J. Hebert,
• John H. Perepezko,
• Harald Rösner and
• Gerhard Wilde

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1428–1433, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.134

• crystallization temperature of undeformed ribbons. Keywords: amorphous alloy; annealing; cold-rolling; nanocrystal; shear-band; Findings Crystallization reactions in metallic glasses have been extensively studied due to the beneficial effect of nanocrystal dispersions on mechanical [1][2][3][4] and magnetic

A composite structure based on reduced graphene oxide and metal oxide nanomaterials for chemical sensors

• Vardan Galstyan,
• Elisabetta Comini,
• Iskandar Kholmanov,
• Andrea Ponzoni,
• Veronica Sberveglieri,
• Nicola Poli,
• Guido Faglia and
• Giorgio Sberveglieri

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1421–1427, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.133

• thermal annealing in a furnace at 400 °C as we have described in [25]. We prepared the composite material using the method described in [22]. We produced graphite oxide from natural graphite (SP-1, Bay Carbon) by means of modified Hummers method [26]. Then, we prepared aqueous dispersions of GO by

Electric field induced structural colour tuning of a silver/titanium dioxide nanoparticle one-dimensional photonic crystal

• Eduardo Aluicio-Sarduy,
• Simone Callegari,
• Diana Gisell Figueroa del Valle,
• Andrea Desii,
• Ilka Kriegel and
• Francesco Scotognella

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1404–1410, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.131

• possibility to employ these photonic structures to manipulate the transmission of light. Methods Nanoparticle colloidal dispersions Silver nanoparticle dispersion was purchased by Sigma-Aldrich and was diluted in triethylene glycol monoethyl ether (Sigma-Aldrich) up a final concentration of 5 wt %. The

On the pathway of cellular uptake: new insight into the interaction between the cell membrane and very small nanoparticles

• Claudia Messerschmidt,
• Daniel Hofmann,
• Anja Kroeger,
• Katharina Landfester,
• Volker Mailänder and
• Ingo Lieberwirth

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1296–1311, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.121

• dispersions was determined gravimetrically. NP dispersions for cell applications were diluted with milli-Q water to achieve the desired concentration. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) experiments were performed on an ALV instrument consisting of a goniometer and an ALV-5000 multiple-tau full-digital correlator

• dispersions at concentrations of c = 5 × 10−2 wt % were prepared by dilution of the previously described stock dispersions. All measurements were carried out at a temperature of T = 20 °C. For TEM measurements the samples were prepared by diluting the as supplied sample dispersion with water yielding a solid

Fabrication and characterization of branched carbon nanostructures

• Sharali Malik,
• Yoshihiro Nemoto,
• Hongxuan Guo,
• Katsuhiko Ariga and
• Jonathan P. Hill

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1260–1266, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.116

• heated MWCNTs were then sonicated in ethanol which causes the MWCNTs to unzip and re-roll. Figure 4 shows a suggested schematic sequence in agreement with observations by Kaner et al. [35] and Geim [36] indicating that nanoribbons tend to re-roll unless prevented from doing so. Dispersions of the

• starting MWCNTs and b-MWCNTs were compared by dispersing 1 mg of each material in 4 mL of ethanol. These dispersions were then centrifuged at 3500g for 2 h and then left to stand for 24 h. The liquid suspensions are shown in Figure 5. The b-MWCNTs clearly show better dispersability compared to the starting

An ellipsometric approach towards the description of inhomogeneous polymer-based Langmuir layers

• Falko O. Rottke,
• Burkhard Schulz,
• Klaus Richau,
• Karl Kratz and
• Andreas Lendlein

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1156–1165, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.107

• , e.g., thickness at the nm scale. In the present work only Δ-maps were recorded because of their high sensitivity towards thickness variations, even at ultrathin film conditions [6]. The complications and theoretical problems of estimating extremely small dispersions of Ψ for ultrathin films is known