Revealing the formation mechanism and band gap tuning of Sb₂S₃ nanoparticles

• Maximilian Joschko,
• Franck Yvan Fotue Wafo,
• Christina Malsi,
• Danilo Kisić,
• Ivana Validžić and
• Christina Graf

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1021–1033, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.76

• found in high-temperature seeding processes from other metalloorganic syntheses [36]. A changing chemical composition could also be a reason for the nanoparticles to undergo a second hierarchical assembly. A similar behavior was found by Liu et al., who synthesized cobalt particles with a cobalt

Progress and innovation of nanostructured sulfur cathodes and metal-free anodes for room-temperature Na–S batteries

• Marina Tabuyo-Martínez,
• Bernd Wicklein and
• Pilar Aranda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 995–1020, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.75

• batteries [3][12]. In fact, research on Na batteries is not new, starting with high-temperature (HT) Na–S batteries in the 1960s and RT sodium-ion batteries (SiBs) in the 1980s [10]. However, an appropriate anode material based on sodium was not achieved and, therefore, only lithium-ion batteries are

• commercially available for room-temperature applications [10]. The first commercialized Na–S battery was a high-temperature sodium–sulfur battery, which has an operational temperature in the range of 270–350 °C [13]. It was launched to the market by NGK Insulator Co. in Japan in 2002. However, these devices

Comprehensive review on ultrasound-responsive theranostic nanomaterials: mechanisms, structures and medical applications

• Sepand Tehrani Fateh,
• Lida Moradi,
• Elmira Kohan,
• Michael R. Hamblin and
• Amin Shiralizadeh Dezfuli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 808–862, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.64

• -frequency ultrasound is mostly associated with mechanical effects [143]. During hyperthermia, the target tumor tissue is exposed to a high temperature above 47 °C, and thermal ablation occurs by direct destruction of the cancer cells. After sub-ablative local hyperthermia involving a slight increase in the

Recent progress in actuation technologies of micro/nanorobots

• Ke Xu and
• Bing Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 756–765, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.59

• dual-mode fluorescence and magnetic resonance imaging. Using magnetic targeting, the micro/nanorobot broke through complex physiological barriers and entered tumors while carrying a photosensitizer. After that, local high temperature was generated by a near-infrared laser, and observable and accurate

A review of defect engineering, ion implantation, and nanofabrication using the helium ion microscope

• Frances I. Allen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 633–664, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.52

• YBCO. Moreover, significant lateral scatter of the helium ions in the LSCO thin film was observed, even for the lower doses, exacerbated by ion backscatter from the substrate interface. However, in the case of another high-temperature superconductor, MgB2, the creation of high-quality Josephson

The preparation temperature influences the physicochemical nature and activity of nanoceria

• Robert A. Yokel,
• Wendel Wohlleben,
• Johannes Georg Keller,
• Matthew L. Hancock,
• Jason M. Unrine,
• D. Allan Butterfield and
• Eric A. Grulke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 525–540, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.43

• . Solvothermally synthesized nanoceria dissolve in acidic environments, accelerated by carboxylic acids. NM-212 dissolution has been reported to be minimal. To gain insight into the role of high-temperature exposure on nanoceria dissolution, product susceptibility to carboxylic acid-accelerated dissolution, and

• were employed. Dissolution of NM-212 and the calcined nanoceria was much slower than that of the non-calcined form. The decreased solubility was attributed to an increased amount of surface Ce4+ species induced by the high temperature. Carboxylic acids doubled the very low dissolution rate of NM-212

• . NM-212 was prepared as a nanoceria representative of those used in industrial applications. Nanoceria prepared for industrial applications are often exposed to high temperature (calcined), which increases particle size and produces crystalline particles with a predominance of surface Ce4+ [14][15][16

Solution combustion synthesis of a nanometer-scale Co₃O₄ anode material for Li-ion batteries

• Monika Michalska,
• Huajun Xu,
• Qingmin Shan,
• Shiqiang Zhang,
• Yohan Dall'Agnese,
• Yu Gao,
• Amrita Jain and
• Marcin Krajewski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 424–431, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.34

• ]. Intentionally, we have not mentioned before another synthesis technique, which is known as solution combustion synthesis (SCS) or self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS). In fact, this method is relatively inexpensive and effective for the production of various industrially useful materials [42][43

Spontaneous shape transition of Mn_xGe_1−x islands to long nanowires

• S. Javad Rezvani,
• Luc Favre,
• Gabriele Giuli,
• Yiming Wubulikasimu,
• Isabelle Berbezier,
• Augusto Marcelli,
• Luca Boarino and
• Nicola Pinto

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 366–374, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.30

• spontaneous shape transition, from regular islands to elongated nanowires, upon high-temperature annealing of a thin Mn wetting layer evaporated on Ge(111). We demonstrate that 4.5 monolayers is the critical thickness of the Mn layer, governing the shape transition to wires. A small change around this value

• formation of quantum wires [35]. In this method, wires are obtained via epitaxial growth of a strained wetting layer followed by annealing at high temperature. However, only few studies have been dedicated to strain-induced elongation mechanisms leading to the formation of semiconducting nanowires, such as

• electron beam. Results and Discussion High-temperature annealing of the evaporated Mn thin films on Ge(111) results in a significant change of the film morphology with the appearance of nanostructures onto the surface. The features of the structures are related to the Mn layer thickness and the duration of

Scanning transmission helium ion microscopy on carbon nanomembranes

• Daniel Emmrich,
• Annalena Wolff,
• Nikolaus Meyerbröker,
• Jörg K. N. Lindner,
• André Beyer and
• Armin Gölzhäuser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 222–231, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.18

• bands become more pronounced, similar to a film of high-temperature annealed nanographite [33]. It was previously demonstrated in TEM that, at an energy of 80 keV, a graphitization of free-standing amorphous carbon can be induced [34]. It is also known that CNMs can turn from the amorphous state into

Paper-based triboelectric nanogenerators and their applications: a review

• Jing Han,
• Nuo Xu,
• Yuchen Liang,
• Mei Ding,
• Junyi Zhai,
• Qijun Sun and
• Zhong Lin Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 151–171, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.12

• the CE behavior is dependent on the surrounding temperature, Xu et al. [91] have further explored the operation of TENGs at high temperature values. Their results reveal that the thermionic emission of electrons is the main reason for CE and the atomic thermal vibrations strongly influence the CE at

The role of gold atom concentration in the formation of Cu–Au nanoparticles from the gas phase

• Yuri Ya. Gafner,
• Svetlana L. Gafner,
• Darya A. Ryzkova and
• Andrey V. Nomoev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 72–81, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.6

• using computer simulation methods of only one of the physical methods used for the production of binary Cu–Au nanoparticles (i.e, the synthesis from a high-temperature gas phase). For the first time, a detailed study of the dependence of the atomic ordering of Cu–Au particles on the concentration of

• means a lower binding energy between gold atoms in these small clusters. This is, most likely, decisive for the formation of binary Cu–Au nanoparticles. In the initial stages of formation, due to the high temperature of the simulated system, Cu–Au clusters are small drops of a highly heated liquid. To

• even lower binding energy when compared to the atoms of the copper center. At high temperature values in the synthesis chamber, the influence of all these factors prove that the discharge of the smallest droplets of gold from the surface of a binary cluster can be energetically favorable. Note that the

Kondo effects in small-bandgap carbon nanotube quantum dots

• Patryk Florków,
• Damian Krychowski and
• Stanisław Lipiński

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1873–1890, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.169

• the gauge invariance symmetry, which is associated with charge conservation. Consequently, at higher temperatures, a spurious transition to the local-moment regime is found rather than a continuous crossover. When analyzing higher temperatures, one can avoid the high-temperature drawbacks of SBMFA by

• fluctuations in addition to spin fluctuations. Alternatively, one can use another complementary many-body technique that correctly predicts in the high-temperature range. Technically simple is the equation of motion (EOM) method with Lacroix truncation of the chain of Green functions at the second order in the

• associated with the given resonances. At this point it should be mentioned that one should look at the high-temperature results in Figure 6b with some caution, in particular, at those that concern the thermopower. Inelastic processes, for example, these resulting from electron–phonon interaction are

Self-standing heterostructured NiC_x-NiFe-NC/biochar as a highly efficient cathode for lithium–oxygen batteries

• Shengyu Jing,
• Xu Gong,
• Shan Ji,
• Linhui Jia,
• Bruno G. Pollet,
• Sheng Yan and
• Huagen Liang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1809–1821, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.163

• of NiFe-PBA/PP-700 and NiFe-PBA/PP-900 (Figure 2b and Figure 2c) show that, after the sample was calcined at a high temperature, the cubic-shaped particles disappeared and were replaced with aggregated irregular particles formed on the surface of the carbon support material. Compared to the sample

Imaging and milling resolution of light ion beams from helium ion microscopy and FIBs driven by liquid metal alloy ion sources

• Nico Klingner,
• Gregor Hlawacek,
• Paul Mazarov,
• Wolfgang Pilz,
• Fabian Meyer and
• Lothar Bischoff

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1742–1749, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.156

• junctions in high-temperature superconductors [11]. Although HIM is highly suitable for imaging and nanometer-scale patterning, there is a need of focused ion beams other than helium or neon with comparable properties. Alternative developments were made using laser-cooled magneto-optical trap ion sources

Antimicrobial metal-based nanoparticles: a review on their synthesis, types and antimicrobial action

• Matías Guerrero Correa,
• Fernanda B. Martínez,
• Cristian Patiño Vidal,
• Camilo Streitt,
• Juan Escrig and
• Carol Lopez de Dicastillo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1450–1469, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.129

• living organisms [70][71]. Moreover, the physical-based synthesis methods require expensive equipment, high temperature and high pressure, which makes it an unprofitable and unscalable method [10]. On the other hand, the chemical methods use and generate toxic chemicals that can cause dangerous effects

Cryogenic low-noise amplifiers for measurements with superconducting detectors

• Ilya L. Novikov,
• Boris I. Ivanov,
• Dmitri V. Ponomarev and
• Aleksey G. Vostretsov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1316–1320, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.115

• termination. Unfortunately, modern cryostats for low-temperature experiments do not have a cooling temperature stage corresponding to 77 K. Hence, the designed amplifiers are most applicable for the working temperature of liquid nitrogen, which is the main working temperature for high-temperature

Structure and electrochemical performance of electrospun-ordered porous carbon/graphene composite nanofibers

• Yi Wang,
• Yanhua Song,
• Chengwei Ye and
• Lan Xu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1280–1290, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.112

• are incompatible with PAN, such as polystyrene (PS), poly(ʟ-lactic acid) (PLLA) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) [20][21][22][23]. During the carbonization process at a high temperature, PAN and the blended polymers undergo phase separation, forming a large number of pores which increases the

• square shape (e.g., 3 cm × 3 cm), put into a muffle furnace (KSY-D-16, Longkou Precision Instrument Co., Ltd., China), and submitted to a preoxidation step at 280 °C for 8 h under air at a heating rate of 1 °C·min−1. The high temperature during the oxidation process induced phase separation between PAN

• . Compared with DCGCNFs/OCGCNFs, the adsorption volume of OPCGCNFs was gradually increased, indicating that porosity also increased. It was evident that DIW became a pore-making agent in the high-temperature carbonization process. Upon the addition of DIW, heating and DIW evaporation, many mesoporous

Ultrasensitive detection of cadmium ions using a microcantilever-based piezoresistive sensor for groundwater

• Dinesh Rotake,
• Anand Darji and
• Nitin Kale

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1242–1253, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.108

• . [28], but it is not suitable for other high-temperature sputtering processes. Microcantilevers based on SiO2 have been manufactured by Tang et al. [29] to enhance the sensitivity of cantilever sensors. Many authors use optical setups for microcantilevers. However, an optical output has several

Nonadiabatic superconductivity in a Li-intercalated hexagonal boron nitride bilayer

• Kamila A. Szewczyk,
• Izabela A. Domagalska,
• Artur P. Durajski and
• Radosław Szczęśniak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1178–1189, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.102

• result is radically different from the data obtained for graphene/SiO2 [33]. In addition, hBN monolayers exhibit a high temperature stability, a low dielectric constant (ε = 3–4), and a high thermal conductivity [34]. The band gap of hBN is about 5.9 eV [35]. Furthermore, which is also important, hBN is

Thermophoretic tweezers for single nanoparticle manipulation

• Jošt Stergar and
• Natan Osterman

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1126–1133, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.97

• , diffusion coefficient D = kBT/6πηa, and thermodiffusion coefficient DT = STD (here ST is the Soret coefficient) in a solvent of viscosity η we dynamically created high-temperature gradients. To limit diffusion of the particle, one has to create an appropriate temperature gradient ∇T to produce a

Straightforward synthesis of gold nanoparticles by adding water to an engineered small dendrimer

• Sébastien Gottis,
• Régis Laurent,
• Vincent Collière and
• Anne-Marie Caminade

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1110–1118, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.95

• NPs were recently studied [66] and it was shown that heating the gold NPs at a very high temperature (800 °C) yielded NPs with a pentagonal symmetry [67]. In this work a very similar structure was obtained, as shown in Figure 3D; however, due to the presence of the dendrimers the NPs were obtained

Wet-spinning of magneto-responsive helical chitosan microfibers

• Dorothea Brüggemann,
• Johanna Michel,
• Naiana Suter,
• Matheus Grande de Aguiar and
• Michael Maas

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 991–999, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.83

• in which freshly-spun alginate fibers containing magnetic nanoparticles were fixed with a magnetized conical tip and rotated around micropillars, acquiring a helical shape with three to four windings [47]. Non-scalable procedures, such as high-temperature synthesis, photolithography or the use of

Microwave photon detection by an Al Josephson junction

• Leonid S. Revin,
• Andrey L. Pankratov,
• Anna V. Gordeeva,
• Anton A. Yablokov,
• Igor V. Rakut,
• Victor O. Zbrozhek and
• Leonid S. Kuzmin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 960–965, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.80

• layered high-temperature superconductors [27]. The significance of this effect depends on the ratio of thermal fluctuations kBT, the damping parameter α and the Josephson energy EJ. Here we will consider a small tunnel junction with the thermal noise intensity of γ = kBT/EJ ≥ 2 × 10−2 and α > 0.1, and

Band tail state related photoluminescence and photoresponse of ZnMgO solid solution nanostructured films

• Vadim Morari,
• Aida Pantazi,
• Nicolai Curmei,
• Vitalie Postolache,
• Emil V. Rusu,
• Marius Enachescu,
• Ion M. Tiginyanu and
• Veaceslav V. Ursaki

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 899–910, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.75

• of films by spray pyrolysis occurs in a single technological step, while ten cycles are applied in spin coating, and the deposited film is annealed in the eleventh step. Apart from that, the deposition of films with spray pyrolysis is performed at a relatively high temperature of the substrate (400

Epitaxial growth and superconducting properties of thin-film PdFe/VN and VN/PdFe bilayers on MgO(001) substrates

• Wael M. Mohammed,
• Igor V. Yanilkin,
• Amir I. Gumarov,
• Airat G. Kiiamov,
• Roman V. Yusupov and
• Lenar R. Tagirov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 807–813, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.65

• ) and Fe (99.97% purity, ChemPur GmbH, Germany) were co-evaporated from the pre-calibrated high-temperature effusion cells to obtain the desired Pd1−xFex composition. Vanadium nitride layers were synthesized by using reactive DC magnetron sputtering (MS) in the UHV chamber with a base pressure of p ≤ 5