Impact of adsorbate–substrate interaction on nanostructured thin films growth during low-pressure condensation

• Alina V. Dvornichenko,
• Vasyl O. Kharchenko and
• Dmitrii O. Kharchenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 473–483, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.36

• elastic adsorbate–substrate interactions in processes of nanostructuring of thin films during low-pressure condensation in the framework of theoretical approaches and numerical simulations. It will be shown that an increase in the elastic interaction strength induces first-order transitions and pattern

• formation. We simulate deposition on one- and multicomponent substrates with different strengths of adsorbate–substrate interactions. We will show that an increase in the strength of adsorbate–substrate interactions stimulates the formation of stable surface structures during deposition, which leads to an

• increase in its coverage and the formation of a smaller number of adsorbate islands of larger size. At elevated adsorption rates, an increase in adsorbate–substrate interactions results in the transformation of the surface morphology and the formation of percolating adsorbate structures. Deposition onto

Synthetic-polymer-assisted antisense oligonucleotide delivery: targeted approaches for precision disease treatment

• Ana Cubillo Alvarez,
• Dylan Maguire and
• Ruairí P. Brannigan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 435–463, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.34

Quantification of lead through rod-shaped silver-doped zinc oxide nanoparticles using an electrochemical approach

• Ravinder Lamba,
• Gaurav Bhanjana,
• Neeraj Dilbaghi,
• Vivek Gupta and
• Sandeep Kumar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 422–434, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.33

• . Electrochemical techniques comparatively offer quick, portable, sensitive, and inexpensive basic equipment for heavy metal detection. The interactions between Ag@ZnO NRs and lead were studied using electrochemical methods. The prepared lead sensor using Ag@ZnO NRs show a very low detection limit and a very high

Biomimetics and bioinspired surfaces: from nature to theory and applications

• Rhainer Guillermo Ferreira,
• Thies H. Büscher,
• Manuela Rebora,
• Poramate Manoonpong,
• Zhendong Dai and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 418–421, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.32

• environmental pressures. Such pressures involve intricate interactions between surface structures and the environment across different scales, including nano-, micro-, and macroscales. Biomimetics aims at making use of understanding how these adaptations and the particular material properties of these surfaces

ReactorAFM/STM – dynamic reactions on surfaces at elevated temperature and atmospheric pressure

• Tycho Roorda,
• Hamed Achour,
• Matthijs A. van Spronsen,
• Marta E. Cañas-Ventura,
• Sander B. Roobol,
• Willem Onderwaater,
• Mirthe Bergman,
• Peter van der Tuijn,
• Gertjan van Baarle,
• Johan W. Bakker,
• Joost W. M. Frenken and
• Irene M. N. Groot

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 397–406, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.30

• , a high-pressure ReactorSTM has been developed [10][11]. The pressures in the scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) reactor are orders of magnitude above UHV (up to several bar), rendering gas–catalyst interactions very significant and leading to differences in reaction mechanisms [12][13][14][15

Engineered PEG–PCL nanoparticles enable sensitive and selective detection of sodium dodecyl sulfate: a qualitative and quantitative analysis

• Soni Prajapati and
• Ranjana Singh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 385–396, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.29

• undergoing undesirable chemical changes. The functional group interactions between PEG and PCL to form PEG–PCL nanoparticles were investigated using FTIR spectroscopy (Figure 3). The FTIR spectrum of PEG–PCL nanoparticles reveals several characteristic peaks indicating their chemical structure and successful

• interactions. Previous studies confirmed that PEG contains hydroxyl groups (–OH) that can form hydrogen bonds with the PCL carbonyl groups (C=O). These hydrogen bonds help stabilize the nanocomposite structure and improve its mechanical properties [33]. Optimization of PEG–PCL nanoparticle concentration The

• hydrophobic PCL [34]. The positive charge on the G-250 dye or the Bradford reagent can form ionic interactions with PEG–PCL NPs due to their negative surface charge, which is confirmed through the zeta potential. We also observed when the PEG–PCL nanoparticle concentrations decreased from 10 to 0.005 mg/mL

Development of a mucoadhesive drug delivery system and its interaction with gastric cells

• Ahmet Baki Sahin,
• Serdar Karakurt and
• Deniz Sezlev Bilecen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 371–384, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.28

• position was detected (from 1567 to 1608 cm−1). This was attributed to weak interactions between alginate and Eudragit polymer, which were also observed in other studies [37]. Taken together, it can be concluded from the results of microscopy and FTIR analysis that the Alg nanoparticles were coated with

• ± 121.8 nm. The increase in size after mucin interaction was observed in other studies as well [52][53][54]. The size increase of the particles interacting with mucin has been attributed to the formation of bigger aggregates or complexes due to the interactions of positively charged groups on the

• intermolecular hydrogen bonding and secondary interactions resulting from the interpenetration of polymer chains of mucin into the structure of the nanoparticles. The presence of positively charged Eudragit polymer on the surface of nanoparticles yield additional electrostatic interactions, which are known to be

Pulsed laser in liquid grafting of gold nanoparticle–carbon support composites

• Madeleine K. Wilsey,
• Teona Taseska,
• Qishen Lyu,
• Connor P. Cox and
• Astrid M. Müller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 349–361, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.26

• pyrolytic graphite (HOPG); edge-plane HOPG is expensive, brittle, and not amenable to large electrode areas. In general, graphitic basal-plane carbon atoms are unreactive, unlike those in graphene, because of the π-stacking interactions of adjacent graphite sheets. We reported an environmentally friendly

Graphene oxide–chloroquine conjugate induces DNA damage in A549 lung cancer cells through autophagy modulation

• Braham Dutt Arya,
• Sandeep Mittal,
• Prachi Joshi,
• Alok Kumar Pandey,
• Jaime E. Ramirez-Vick,
• Govind Gupta and
• Surinder P. Singh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 316–332, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.24

• chloroquine onto graphene oxide nanosheets Chloroquine molecules were bound to GO nanosheets through noncovalent π–π interactions between the quinoline of Chl and the graphitic domain of GO, according to a previously reported procedure [25]. Briefly, 100 mL of an aqueous dispersion of GO (500 μg/mL

• equivalent of KMnO4 (added in two steps of 3 equiv each) were used relative to the graphite powder used. Chloroquine binds to the surface of graphene oxide nanosheets through noncovalent π–π interactions between the quinoline ring of Chl and the sp2 hybrid π-bonded carbon framework of graphene oxide. The

Enhancing mechanical properties of chitosan/PVA electrospun nanofibers: a comprehensive review

• Nur Areisman Mohd Salleh,
• Amalina Muhammad Afifi,
• Fathiah Mohamed Zuki and
• Hanna Sofia SalehHudin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 286–307, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.22

• uses, and wound healing [4][5][6]. However, a drawback of electrospun nanofibers is their mechanical properties [7][8]. Electrospun nanofibers typically exhibit poor mechanical properties due to their high porosity, random fiber arrangement, and weak interactions at the cross-points of the nanofibers

• factors, chitosan can only be electrospun in the presence of a spinnable polymer such as PVA [56]. A previous study has demonstrated the viability of adding PVA as an additional component to chitosan [57]. This addition reduces the repulsive interactions between polycations, thereby decreasing chain

• release time of substances by exploiting the surface properties and interactions between hydrophobic and hydrophilic layers [86]. This sequential method of producing composite fibers is generally easier than the other methods as the different materials are electrospun separately, eliminating concerns

Preferential enrichment and extraction of laser-synthesized nanoparticles in organic phases

• Theo Fromme,
• Maximilian L. Spiekermann,
• Florian Lehmann,
• Stephan Barcikowski,
• Thomas Seidensticker and
• Sven Reichenberger

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 254–263, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.20

• carbonate and alcohol might influence the occurring interactions and reactions between the solvent and the Cu and Fe particles the most during nanoparticle formation, which then leads to a difference in phase preference of the formed nanoparticle fractions. Yet, this remains highly speculative and neglects

Radiosensitizing properties of dual-functionalized carbon nanostructures loaded with temozolomide

• Radmila Milenkovska,
• Nikola Geskovski,
• Dushko Shalabalija,
• Ljubica Mihailova,
• Petre Makreski,
• Dushko Lukarski,
• Igor Stojkovski,
• Maja Simonoska Crcarevska and
• Kristina Mladenovska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 229–251, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.18

• ) formulations relative to the functionalized ones (Table 1) could be explained by the formation of strong covalent bonds between CNs and PEG6000, the competition between PEG6000 and TMZ regarding interactions with MWCNTs-COOH and MWCNTs-G-COOH, and the physical entrapment of TMZ in the tubes. One can assume

• that TMZ is both physically entrapped in the tubes and wrapped around the CNs because of electrostatic and hydrogen bond interactions with CNs and PEG6000. This assumption is supported by the similar values for loading efficacy and drug content of covalently PEGylated TMZ-loaded MWCNTs and hybrid

• MWCNTs-G (Table 1), which differ in the fraction of tubes. When analyzing the data for dual-functionalized formulations with TMZ, one can see that FA acts like an additional competitor for drug loading (although interactions between TMZ and FA cannot be excluded), indicated by the lower values for

Synthesis and the impact of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles on the viability and activity of rhizobacteria

• Bedah Rupaedah,
• Indrika Novella,
• Atiek Rostika Noviyanti,
• Diana Rakhmawaty Eddy,
• Anna Safarrida,
• Abdul Hapid,
• Zhafira Amila Haqqa,
• Suryana Suryana,
• Irwan Kurnia and
• Fathiyah Inayatirrahmi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 216–228, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.17

• microorganisms. Nanomaterials, particularly nanohydroxyapatite (nHA), have garnered attention for sustaining rhizobacterial viability, high loading capacity, high biodegradability, and biocompatibility, which facilitate microbial interactions. In this study, nHA was synthesized using a hydrothermal method and

• , biocompatibility, and the ability to absorb organic substances [20][21]. Furthermore, nHA possesses the unique ability to be resorbed within physiological environments while remaining non-toxic, a feature that holds significant promise for synergistic interactions with microorganisms and biological molecules [22

• can affect the stability of a substance, ion interactions, and molecular ionization in a solution. However, the effect of pH and EC values on the psychochemical properties highly depends on the material’s application [28][29]. Pd rhizobacterium typically thrives optimally at pH 7.5 and exhibits

Recent advances in photothermal nanomaterials for ophthalmic applications

• Jiayuan Zhuang,
• Linhui Jia,
• Chenghao Li,
• Rui Yang,
• Jiapeng Wang,
• Wen-an Wang,
• Heng Zhou and
• Xiangxia Luo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 195–215, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.16

• triggers a rapid, collective resonance among them [44]. This resonance leads to interactions between the excited free electrons and other electrons, lattice phonons, and surface ligands, converting the kinetic energy of these electrons into thermal energy through the Joule mechanism, an exceptionally

• molecule dyes can be modulated by intramolecular rotation or intermolecular interactions [63]. By using nanocarrier encapsulation and self-assembly strategies, the water solubility and stability of organic small molecule dyes can be improved, and photobleaching can be reduced [64]. Materials that undergo

Probing the potential of rare earth elements in the development of new anticancer drugs: single molecule studies

• Josiane A. D. Batista,
• Rayane M. de Oliveira,
• Carlos H. M. Lima,
• Milton L. Lana Júnior,
• Virgílio C. dos Anjos,
• Maria J. V. Bell and
• Márcio S. Rocha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 187–194, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.15

• -disorder statistical model that describes DNA interactions with small ligands was developed by our group in the past [22][19]. Such a model allows one to extract the binding parameters of a given interaction from the data of the persistence length as a function of the ligand concentration in the sample [22

• the corresponding europium data in [7]. The fits are also shown in Figure 2 as solid lines and allowed us to determine the relevant binding parameters of the interactions, which are schematically shown in Table 1. The equilibrium association binding constant of the interactions between Yb and Nd with

• molecules, a situation similar to that found for Eu. Finally, the values found for the local persistence length A1 reflect the fact that the interactions induce a decrease on the effective persistence length of the complexes formed, probably by promoting bends at the binding sites. For the DNA complexes

A review of metal-organic frameworks and polymers in mixed matrix membranes for CO₂ capture

• Charlotte Skjold Qvist Christensen,
• Nicholas Hansen,
• Mahboubeh Motadayen,
• Nina Lock,
• Martin Lahn Henriksen and
• Jonathan Quinson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 155–186, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.14

• –3.6 Å), the majority of MOFs exhibiting high adsorption capacities for CO2 have pore openings that largely surpass the dimensions of the CO2 molecule [26]. Consequently, most current MOF-related studies rely on the separation of the molecules based on the adsorptive interactions between the MOF

• chemical interactions between CO2 and LBSs, offering higher selectivity than purely physisorption-related mechanisms [26]. For example, alkylamine-functionalized IRMOF-74-III compounds have been demonstrated to be efficient CO2 adsorbents [53][68]. In dry conditions, the alkylamines in IRMOF-74-III-(CH2NH2

• interactions and diverse underlying mechanisms for CO2 selectivity among different MOFs, selecting optimal MOF–polymer combinations for CO2 capture remains highly challenging. As a starting point, it is important to consider the type of MOF and associated CO2 capture mechanism ideal for a given application. As

Clays enhanced with niobium: potential in wastewater treatment and reuse as pigment with antibacterial activity

• Silvia Jaerger,
• Patricia Appelt,
• Mario Antônio Alves da Cunha,
• Fabián Ccahuana Ayma,
• Ricardo Schneider,
• Carla Bittencourt and
• Fauze Jacó Anaissi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 141–154, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.13

• Centro-Oeste, Guarapuava 85040-167, PR, Brazil Department of Chemistry, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Pato Branco 85503-390, Brazil Chimie des Interactions PlaBEa-Surface (ChIPS), Research Institute for Materials Science and Engineering, University of Mons, 7000 Mons, Belgium 10.3762

TiO₂ immobilized on 2D mordenite: effect of hydrolysis conditions on structural, textural, and optical characteristics of the nanocomposites

• Marina G. Shelyapina,
• Rosario Isidro Yocupicio-Gaxiola,
• Gleb A. Valkovsky and
• Vitalii Petranovskii

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 128–140, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.12

• 2p3/2 (459.0 eV) transitions, indicating that Ti is in the Ti(IV) state [37] (Figure 3b). To identify the interactions between TiO2 nanoparticles and zeolite layers in the composites, O 1s XPS spectra were analyzed (Figure 4c). The starting compound MOR-L shows a characteristic peak of Si−O bonds

Comparison of organic and inorganic hole transport layers in double perovskite material-based solar cell

• Deepika K and
• Arjun Singh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 119–127, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.11

• perfect material properties, such as uniformity in thickness, defect density, and material interfaces, which do not represent real-world conditions. Further, complicated interfacial effects between the active layer and the HTLs, such as chemical interactions, degradation, or the existence of intermediary

• defect states that may affect carrier recombination and transport, are not fully taken into account by the model. Since their physical and chemical interactions with the perovskite layer can have a big impact on device performance, these factors are especially important when comparing various HTL

Nanocarriers and macrophage interaction: from a potential hurdle to an alternative therapeutic strategy

• Naths Grazia Sukubo,
• Paolo Bigini and
• Annalisa Morelli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 97–118, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.10

• innovative strategies to exploit macrophage interactions for therapeutic advantage. Recent advancements in treating liver and lung diseases, particularly focusing on macrophage polarization and RNA-based therapies, have highlighted the potential developments in macrophage–NC interaction. Furthermore, we will

• from research to clinical application faces significant hurdles, primarily due to interactions with the mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS). After administration in host bodies, NCs encounter systems of phagocytic cells, predominantly resident macrophages such as Kupffer cells (KCs) in the liver and

• macrophages and the challenges of NC filtering by the MPS and conclude with innovative strategies to exploit these interactions for therapeutic benefit. 2 Physiological functions of macrophages 2.1 Macrophage origin and functions Macrophages are immune cells derived from the yolk sac, fetal liver in mice, or

Modeling and simulation of carbon-nanocomposite-based gas sensors

• Roopa Hegde,
• Punya Prabha V,
• Shipra Upadhyay and
• Krishna S B

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 90–96, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.9

• remains constant; and (4) interactions between adsorbate molecules are insignificant [14]. Parameter estimation is typically conducted using linearization methods. This study evaluates the applicability and accuracy of different linearization approaches for the Langmuir isotherm [15]. There are some

• homogeneous surface. It is often used in gas sensors where only one layer of gas molecules is adsorbed and where there are no interactions between adsorbed molecules. Fitting of obtained result values into the Langmuir adsorption model is shown in Figure 6, which is defined using the Equation 1. where K is

Characterization of ZnO nanoparticles synthesized using probiotic Lactiplantibacillus plantarum GP258

• Prashantkumar Siddappa Chakra,
• Aishwarya Banakar,
• Shriram Narayan Puranik,
• Vishwas Kaveeshwar,
• C. R. Ravikumar and
• Devaraja Gayathri

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 78–89, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.8

• + cations. These findings offer information about the structure and chemical interactions within the ZnO NPs (Figure 2b). UV–vis absorption The UV–Vis absorption spectra of ZnO NPs, presented in Figure 2c, establish a distinct absorption peak at 3.16 eV, revealing the characteristic bandgap energy for ZnO

Instance maps as an organising concept for complex experimental workflows as demonstrated for (nano)material safety research

• Benjamin Punz,
• Maja Brajnik,
• Joh Dokler,
• Jaleesia D. Amos,
• Litty Johnson,
• Katie Reilly,
• Anastasios G. Papadiamantis,
• Amaia Green Etxabe,
• Lee Walker,
• Diego S. T. Martinez,
• Steffi Friedrichs,
• Klaus M. Weltring,
• Nazende Günday-Türeli,
• Claus Svendsen,
• Christine Ogilvie Hendren,
• Mark R. Wiesner,
• Martin Himly,
• Iseult Lynch and
• Thomas E. Exner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 57–77, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.7

• ]. Standardised or harmonised reporting formats had previously been called for, such as a listing of minimal reporting standards for biological assays studying the interactions of nanomaterials with biological materials, termed MIRIBEL [43]. The prime intention here is to improve future exchange of datasets among

• allow for benchmarking and interoperability of data from different labs, similar to the CHADA and MODA concepts. Example 4: Showcasing complex workflows in human immunotoxicity assessment using cell lines and primary cellular models In the context of studying bio-nano interactions of silica-based

• , including synthesis, surface functionalisation, and physicochemical characterisation of the nanomaterials, the bio-nano interaction studies, and the determination of different biological/immunological endpoints. When studying bio-nano interactions the starting point is typically the synthesis (or

Theoretical study of the electronic and optical properties of a composite formed by the zeolite NaA and a magnetite cluster

• Joel Antúnez-García,
• Roberto Núñez-González,
• Vitalii Petranovskii,
• H’Linh Hmok,
• Armando Reyes-Serrato,
• Fabian N. Murrieta-Rico,
• Mufei Xiao and
• Jonathan Zamora

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 44–53, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.5

• ]. Magnetic nanoparticles have unique magnetic properties and the ability to function at the cellular and molecular level of biological interactions. Of course, the evaluation of cytotoxicity and bioapplicability of each substance is a crucial issue before its use in clinical practice. Although there are

Mechanistic insights into endosomal escape by sodium oleate-modified liposomes

• Ebrahim Sadaqa,
• Satrialdi,
• Fransiska Kurniawan and
• Diky Mudhakir

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1667–1685, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.131

• measuring the colocalization of labeled liposomes with lysosomal markers, quantified using Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Lipid mixing assays assessed the potential fusogenic effect, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations explored the interactions of protonated sodium oleate (SO) with the endosomal

• converts to its protonated form, OLA, enhancing its hydrophobic interactions with the endosomal membrane. This protonation is expected to further increase membrane fluidity, facilitating the release of the liposomal payload into the cytosol. Moreover, its amphipathic nature allows it to form stable

• enable the exploration of complex lipid–membrane interactions and dynamic molecular processes at an atomistic level, offering unparalleled insights into mechanisms that are challenging to observe experimentally. By capturing processes such as membrane destabilization, pore formation, and lipid fusion, MD