Micro- and nano-surface structures based on vapor-deposited polymers

• Hsien-Yeh Chen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1366–1374, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.138

• -term stability due to degradation or desorption from the modified surface [66][67], or hardly predictable biological outcomes of interactions between the biological environment and the materials interfaces [60]. Moreover, widely used laminated/layered constructs are limited through the boundary

• , dielectric constant, temperature, and morphology and various chemical compositions [58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65]. Because of the challenges in fabrication processes, gradients are often generated with solution-based technology. Limitations remain for the ongoing technologies, for example, the lack long

Vapor-phase-synthesized fluoroacrylate polymer thin films: thermal stability and structural properties

• Paul Christian and
• Anna Maria Coclite

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 933–942, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.95

• processability due to an unsaturated acrylate group, allowing for mild processing conditions. One of the greatest limitations to the long-term stability of perfluoroacrylate-based technologies are mechanical, thermal and chemical stresses on the materials [4][5][6][7]. Some super-hydrophobic and oleophobic

Synthesis of coaxial nanotubes of polyaniline and poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate) by oxidative/initiated chemical vapor deposition

• Alper Balkan,
• Efe Armagan and
• Gozde Ozaydin Ince

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 872–882, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.89

• , above 100 °C the polymer starts degrading, resulting in damage to the crystalline structure and reduction of the conductivity. For sensor applications, the long-term stability of the deposited films was investigated. The conductivities of the PANI coated glass were recorded with a four-point probe in

Photocatalysis applications of some hybrid polymeric composites incorporating TiO₂ nanoparticles and their combinations with SiO₂/Fe₂O₃

• Andreea Laura Chibac,
• Tinca Buruiana,
• Violeta Melinte and
• Emil C. Buruiana

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 272–286, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.30

• than the other catalysts studied in literature (ZnO, SnO2, WO3, CdS) because of their superior redox ability and photoelectric properties, the long-term stability, the nontoxicity, and the low cost [10][11][12][13][14][15]. Nevertheless, the practical applications of TiO2 have a major drawback, namely

Nanostructured SnO₂–ZnO composite gas sensors for selective detection of carbon monoxide

• Paul Chesler,
• Cristian Hornoiu,
• Susana Mihaiu,
• Cristina Vladut,
• Jose Maria Calderon Moreno,
• Mihai Anastasescu,
• Carmen Moldovan,
• Bogdan Firtat,
• Costin Brasoveanu,
• George Muscalu,
• Ion Stan and
• Mariuca Gartner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 2045–2056, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.195

• technologies, low power requirements, quick response times (seconds), high sensitivity to small concentrations of a specific gas, complete sensor recovery, lightweight, and long term stability. More recently, sensors were fabricated with reduced dimensions (miniaturization or microelectronic processing) [2][3

Functionalized platinum nanoparticles with surface charge trigged by pH: synthesis, characterization and stability studies

• Giovanna Testa,
• Laura Fontana,
• Iole Venditti and
• Ilaria Fratoddi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1822–1828, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.175

• colloid [39]). As observed in the literature, the role of the stable negative counter-ion is underlined from the negative values observed [40]. Measurements carried out up to three months confirmed the long-term stability of the colloidal suspension for all the samples. The FTIR spectrum of Pt-DEA

• bond on the PtNP surface. The DLS characterization demonstrated the long-term stability of the colloidal system up to three months and the possibility to tune the aggregation phenomenon of the PtNPs by varying the pH due to modulation of the metal surface charge. Experimental Instrumentation UV–vis

Hydrophilic silver nanoparticles with tunable optical properties: application for the detection of heavy metals in water

• Paolo Prosposito,
• Federico Mochi,
• Erica Ciotta,
• Mauro Casalboni,
• Fabio De Matteis,
• Iole Venditti,
• Laura Fontana,
• Giovanna Testa and
• Ilaria Fratoddi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1654–1661, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.157

• <2RH> = 5 ± 2 nm, in good agreement with the STM analysis. The SPR absorption was monitored as a function of the time in order to check the long term stability of the NPs. As shown in Figure 5, the solution presents the same optical spectra 15 days after the preparation, indicating that no aggregation

• . SPR absorption spectroscopy of the AgNP-3MPS solution (synthesis b) taken immediately after the synthesis and after 15 days, indicating good long term stability. Absorption spectra of the AgNP-3MPS (synthesis b) solution with 1 ppm ion concentration. a) Absorption spectra of the AgNP-3MPS system

Reconstitution of the membrane protein OmpF into biomimetic block copolymer–phospholipid hybrid membranes

• Matthias Bieligmeyer,
• Franjo Artukovic,
• Stephan Nussberger,
• Thomas Hirth,
• Thomas Schiestel and
• Michaela Müller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 881–892, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.80

• functional reconstitution of integral proteins, these membranes are often not applicable in technical processes due to their high fluidity and lack of long-term stability [16][17]. Therefore, novel approaches substitute phospholipids by amphiphilic block polymers that form membranes with a mechanical

Antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles obtained by pulsed laser ablation in pure water and in chloride solution

• Brunella Perito,
• Emilia Giorgetti,
• Paolo Marsili and
• Maurizio Muniz-Miranda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 465–473, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.40

• zeta potential. In all cases, the zeta potential is strongly negative, indicating excellent long-term stability of the NPs, as already assessed by Giorgetti et al. [32]. Furthermore, as expected, the adsorption of chloride ions shifts the zeta potential of the samples obtained in LiCl solution towards

Efficiency improvement in the cantilever photothermal excitation method using a photothermal conversion layer

• Natsumi Inada,
• Hitoshi Asakawa,
• Taiki Kobayashi and
• Takeshi Fukuma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 409–417, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.36

• used PTC layers with a blackened area of ≈70% in our experiments. Long-term stability of PTC layers in liquid Long-term stability of a PTC layer in liquid is very important for stable operation of a photothermal excitation system in dynamic-mode AFM. To investigate the long-term stability, we measured

• colloidal graphite on the cantilevers. Long-term stability evaluation of PTC layers in liquid Long-term stability of the PTC layers in liquid was evaluated by monitoring the cantilever excitation amplitude. The signal of excitation amplitude from the oscillation controller (OC4) was recorded by a data

• the location where we took a magnified image. Long-term stability of the PTC layer in liquid. (a) Optical images of an AC55 cantilever before and after use in water. (b)–(f) Successive FM-AFM images of a mica surface in PBS solution. Δf = +3.9 kHz. A = 0.4 nm. Scale bar = 1 nm. Properties of a PPP

Organized films

• Maurizio Canepa and
• Helmuth Möhwald

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 406–408, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.35

• and long term stability, the problems mentioned above made such films less appealing for applications, emphasizing the need for exploration and invention of new processes of film fabrication. The most successful of these processes evolved during the habilitation of Gero Decher. In this process

Evaluation of gas-sensing properties of ZnO nanostructures electrochemically doped with Au nanophases

• Elena Dilonardo,
• Michele Penza,
• Marco Alvisi,
• Cinzia Di Franco,
• Francesco Palmisano,
• Luisa Torsi and
• Nicola Cioffi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 22–31, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.3

• general and ZnO nanomaterials in particular are promising as sensing layer in chemiresistive gas sensors, although their limited selectivity, high response/recovery time, high-power consumption, and lack of long-term stability have limited their use in more demanding applications [24]. Nowadays, many

Thermal energy storage – overview and specific insight into nitrate salts for sensible and latent heat storage

• Nicole Pfleger,
• Thomas Bauer,
• Claudia Martin,
• Markus Eck and
• Antje Wörner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1487–1497, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.154

• contrast, basalt and quartzite look promising from the first experiments, but long-term stability measurements are still required. Classification of heat storage media. Heat capacity of Solar Salt in the liquid phase [3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. Thermal conductivity of Solar Salt reported by several groups [8

Materials and characterization techniques for high-temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells

• Roswitha Zeis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 68–83, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.8

• the robustness of the HT-PEMFC against structural variations due to electrode preparation [12]. Still the fabrication technique might have an effect on the long-term stability of the cell. The large shrinkage cracks are the main pathway of the phosphoric acid from the membrane though the GDL and out

• . Conclusion Phosphoric acid-doped PBI-type fuel cells are so far the most promising candidates for practical high-temperature operation under ambient pressure. For commercial deployment, however, the performance and long-term stability of the high-temperature MEAs still need significant improvement. To

Inorganic Janus particles for biomedical applications

• Isabel Schick,
• Steffen Lorenz,
• Dominik Gehrig,
• Stefan Tenzer,
• Wiebke Storck,
• Karl Fischer,
• Dennis Strand,
• Frédéric Laquai and
• Wolfgang Tremel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2346–2362, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.244

• resonance and their additional strong contrast for CT-analysis, which enables dual detection for in vivo analysis. Furthermore, the materials of the metal oxide domain were chosen to exhibit magnetic behavior to be able to apply the multifunctional Janus particles as MRI contrast agents. As long term

• stability in aqueous media is of particular importance for biomedical applications, the extraordinary stability of silica encapsulated nanoparticles and the well-known surface chemistry of silica were transferred to Janus particles, whereby the Janus character was retained due to the distinct chemical

Electrical contacts to individual SWCNTs: A review

• Wei Liu,
• Christofer Hierold and
• Miroslav Haluska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2202–2215, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.229

• process and their effect on the device with respect to resistance are summarized. Finally, the challenges in obtaining high-performance CNFETs are discussed, covering the reproducibility, long term stability of electrical contact properties, and large-scale fabrication options. Carrier transport mechanism

• challenges are reproducibility, predictability and long-term stability of device performance, as well as the feasibility of large-scale fabrication. Comparing the performance of CNFETs obtained from the same fabrication batch, a large variation in the on-resistance was observed among thousands of devices [70

• the metal–SWCNT interface must be further investigated. The long-term stability of CNFET transfer characteristics is another major concern for their applicability, which has been studied by several authors [83][84][85]. For devices with the Cr/Au (3 nm/20 nm) contacts, the electrical contacts were

Current state of laser synthesis of metal and alloy nanoparticles as ligand-free reference materials for nano-toxicological assays

• Christoph Rehbock,
• Jurij Jakobi,
• Lisa Gamrad,
• Selina van der Meer,
• Daniela Tiedemann,
• Ulrike Taylor,
• Wilfried Kues,
• Detlef Rath and
• Stephan Barcikowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1523–1541, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.165

Visible light photooxidative performance of a high-nuclearity molecular bismuth vanadium oxide cluster

• Johannes Tucher and
• Carsten Streb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 711–716, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.83

• data suggest that in the 400–450 nm region, compound 1 might be employed as a homogeneous polyoxometalate photocatalyst with promising efficiencies for this compound class [5]. Recyclability of 1 To demonstrate the long-term stability and recyclability of 1, three consecutive photooxidative indigo

• irradiation, see Figure 5. The experimental series demonstrates that the cluster can be employed multiple times and catalyst recycling under photooxidative conditions is indeed possible. Stability of 1 under irradiation To understand the long-term stability of 1, long-irradiation runs with high substrate

A visible-light-driven composite photocatalyst of TiO₂ nanotube arrays and graphene quantum dots

• Donald K. L. Chan,
• Po Ling Cheung and
• Jimmy C. Yu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 689–695, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.81

• ][2]. Among various photocatalysts, nanostructured titanium dioxide (TiO2) is the most widely used because of its high activity, long-term stability and low production cost [3][4]. However, pure TiO2 is not efficient for solar-driven applications because it requires UV excitation [5]. Belonging to one

Plasma-assisted synthesis and high-resolution characterization of anisotropic elemental and bimetallic core–shell magnetic nanoparticles

• M. Hennes,
• A. Lotnyk and
• S. G. Mayr

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 466–475, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.54

• shell consists of an oxygen-rich outer part of several nanometers thickness, which is in agreement with previous HRTEM bright field image results. Finally, the long-term stability of the samples has been analyzed. CS-NPs have therefore been stored for 12 months under ambient air conditions. Subsequent

Structural development and energy dissipation in simulated silicon apices

• Samuel Paul Jarvis,
• Lev Kantorovich and
• Philip Moriarty

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 941–948, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.106

• –sample forces and the long-term stability of the tip apex. We observe that the rotation of the simulated tip cluster around the surface normal axis can have a dramatic effect on the stability of the tip apex such that at particular alignments permanent structural deformations occur which lead to new

Electrochemical and electron microscopic characterization of Super-P based cathodes for Li–O₂ batteries

• Mario Marinaro,
• Santhana K. Eswara Moorthy,
• Jörg Bernhard,
• Ludwig Jörissen,
• Margret Wohlfahrt-Mehrens and
• Ute Kaiser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 665–670, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.74

• able to give the desired discharge products, even if their long-term stability is still questionable [9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. In view of this, we present an investigation of the lithium-oxide phases that are generated during the operation of Li–O2 batteries, which use LiTFSI/tetraglyme as the

Novel composite Zr/PBI-O-PhT membranes for HT-PEFC applications

• Mikhail S. Kondratenko,
• Igor I. Ponomarev,
• Marat O. Gallyamov,
• Dmitry Y. Razorenov,
• Yulia A. Volkova,
• Elena P. Kharitonova and
• Alexei R. Khokhlov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 481–492, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.57

• hydrogen produced by natural gas reforming, at the place of consumption. On the way to commercialization, however, this promising type of PEFC still faces several problems concerning its long term stability and the overall efficiency of electrode and membrane materials. These properties should be further

Kelvin probe force microscopy of nanocrystalline TiO₂ photoelectrodes

• Alex Henning,
• Gino Günzburger,
• Res Jöhr,
• Yossi Rosenwaks,
• Biljana Bozic-Weber,
• Catherine E. Housecroft,
• Edwin C. Constable,
• Ernst Meyer and
• Thilo Glatzel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 418–428, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.49

• ., surface topography and potential, are still unclear and have the potential to increase the efficiency and long-term stability of the devices. Investigations of nanoscaled photovoltaic devices require nanometer-scale measuring methods, including time-resolved measurements of the carrier dynamics [15][16

Near-field effects and energy transfer in hybrid metal-oxide nanostructures

• Ulrich Herr,
• Barat Achinuq,
• Cahit Benel,
• Giorgos Papageorgiou,
• Manuel Goncalves,
• Johannes Boneberg,
• Paul Leiderer,
• Paul Ziemann,
• Peter Marek and
• Horst Hahn

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 306–317, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.34

• . Typically, noble metals are used for the metal nanostructures, since they offer both long term stability and strong resonant enhancements in the range of visible light. A general review of materials aspects in nanotechnology-based approaches in energy technology can be found in [8]. From the examples given