Supramolecular hydration structure of graphene-based hydrogels: density functional theory, green chemistry and interface application

• Hon Nhien Le,
• Duy Khanh Nguyen,
• Minh Triet Dang,
• Huyen Trinh Nguyen,
• Thi Bang Tam Dao,
• Trung Do Nguyen,
• Chi Nhan Ha Thuc and
• Van Hieu Le

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 806–822, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.61

• supercell of 16 carbon atoms, one oxygen atom, and two hydrogen atoms (two graphene sheets and one water molecule). Preparation of graphene oxide from natural graphite The improved cascade-design synthesis of graphite oxide (GrO) was reported in our previous papers [15][16]. Briefly, 5 g of raw material of

• exothermic heat increased the reactor temperature to above 90 °C). After 2 h of agitation, the reaction was mixed with 150 mL of a 5% H2O2 solution and kept stirring for one day. After washing to neutral pH, the material was dried and ground to produce a GrO powder (moisture ≈20%). Next, the GrO powder was

• experiments. Our method of nanosilica synthesis using potassium hydroxide and acetic acid was mentioned in a recent paper [21]. Raw material from rice husk ash waste was dispersed in a 7% potassium hydroxide solution. The suspension was agitated for 1 h at a temperature range of 80–90 °C. After careful

Morphology and properties of pyrite nanoparticles obtained by pulsed laser ablation in liquid and thin films for photodetection

• Akshana Parameswaran Sreekala,
• Bindu Krishnan,
• Rene Fabian Cienfuegos Pelaes,
• David Avellaneda Avellaneda,
• Josué Amílcar Aguilar-Martínez and
• Sadasivan Shaji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 785–805, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.60

• related to FeS2 [3]. Pyrite has shown outstanding performance and a long shelf life as a high-capacity cathode and has been utilized in batteries [4]. Pyrite has also been identified as a promising material for effectively removing environmental contaminants in the environment near the surface of the

• is that the productivity and morphology/size of the NPs generated can be regulated by carefully managing the input parameters [16]. Due to the challenges in obtaining phase-pure FeS2 by PLAL, this is a much less explored material despite its high potential. A strong reducible ferric ion and an

• a large range of applications. This method does not require expensive equipment or expert labor, and the coatings produced are generally quite homogenous. Other benefits include quick deposition, no substrate shape constraint, application to any material that is available as a fine powder or charged

Changes of structural, magnetic and spectroscopic properties of microencapsulated iron sucrose nanoparticles in saline

• Sabina Lewińska,
• Pavlo Aleshkevych,
• Roman Minikayev,
• Anna Bajorek,
• Mateusz Dulski,
• Krystian Prusik,
• Tomasz Wojciechowski and
• Anna Ślawska-Waniewska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 762–784, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.59

• nanoscale amorphous grains exhibit averaged, broad X-ray scattering maxima, in contrast to the sharp diffraction maxima from a crystalline material [30][31]. The prediction of the amorphous iron-containing phase is based on XRD contrasts with the TEM images, which registered the crystalline structure of the

• leaflet of the investigated material, silicon dioxide plays the role of an anti-caking agent. Thus, any interaction with other components should be excluded, and only a trace of it was expected in the investigated samples. However, as the Si 2p XSP spectra show, this is not the case, so assuming that the

• recorded O 1s spectra, it was impossible to determine which of the iron oxyhydroxide polymorphs is present in the investigated material, if at all, given that the binding energies for O 1s states predicted in the literature are very similar for all Fe(III) oxyhydroxides. In addition, in these samples, we

Thickness dependent oxidation in CrCl₃: a scanning X-ray photoemission and Kelvin probe microscopies study

• Shafaq Kazim,
• Rahul Parmar,
• Maryam Azizinia,
• Matteo Amati,
• Muhammad Rauf,
• Andrea Di Cicco,
• Seyed Javid Rezvani,
• Dario Mastrippolito,
• Luca Ottaviano,
• Tomasz Klimczuk,
• Luca Gregoratti and
• Roberto Gunnella

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 749–761, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.58

• -dimensional material; work function; Introduction The family of chromium-based trihalides has garnered significant interest in recent years, particularly after the remarkable discovery of long-lasting magnetism in a single layer of CrI3 [1]. In our previous reports, we dealt with the environmental stability

• of CrCl3 [2], which can be easily exfoliated and exhibits a slower degradation rate compared to CrI3 or CrBr3[3]. To fully exploit the potential of any material, a detailed understanding of its electronic and structural changes arising from intrinsic and extrinsic defects is crucial [4]. Despite this

• Figure 2e. Spatially resolved photoemission In our quest to understand exfoliated materials under varying photon flux conditions, we have extensively investigated the material while varying the incident photon energies [8]. As we aim for more ambitious goals, delving into variations of the material’s

Synthesis of a multicomponent cellulose-based adsorbent for tetracycline removal from aquaculture water

• Uyen Bao Tran,
• Ngoc Thanh Vo-Tran,
• Khai The Truong,
• Dat Anh Nguyen,
• Quang Nhat Tran,
• Huu-Quang Nguyen,
• Jaebeom Lee and
• Hai Son Truong-Lam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 728–739, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.56

• -based multicomponent adsorbent material (PGC) synthesized from sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and investigated factors influencing its TC adsorption capacity. The synthesis process was optimized using parameters derived from the response surface methodology. The surface and structural properties of PGC

• concentration of 60 mg·L–1 at pH 6–7, reaching equilibrium after 12 h. The surface characteristics and structural properties of PGC were determined using various material characterization techniques, including FTIR, SEM, EDX, and BET. Verification experiments under optimal conditions confirmed that the

• investment and recurring maintenance costs, while the contents of organic material and dissolved salts significantly affect the function of the membranes. Furthermore, challenges related to the draw solution and the necessity for integrating additional membrane processes for its regeneration remain key

Efficiency of single-pulse laser fragmentation of organic nutraceutical dispersions in a circular jet flow-through reactor

• Tina Friedenauer,
• Maximilian Spellauge,
• Alexander Sommereyns,
• Verena Labenski,
• Tuba Esatbeyoglu,
• Christoph Rehbock,
• Heinz P. Huber and
• Stephan Barcikowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 711–727, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.55

• few decades, as this relatively new fabrication method can be used to produce stable, additive-free colloids of different material classes under high-purity conditions, which are suitable for a wide range of technical applications [1][2][3][4][5]. Pulsed laser ablation (LAL), laser fragmentation (LFL

• properties being transiently affected by multiple laser pulses. Here, nutraceuticals, defined as plant-based foods with scientifically approved health-related effects [44][45], are a good model material as they, on the one hand, require sensitive processing methods and, on the other hand, are highly

• one passage of the jet passing the laser) in a liquid jet (Figure 1). The two organic model nutraceuticals curcumin and cannabidiol (CBD) were used to cover different material classes with different initial particle diameters. As triggering photomechanical fragmentation effects is intended [43], we

Nanostructured materials characterized by scanning photoelectron spectromicroscopy

• Matteo Amati,
• Alexey S. Shkvarin,
• Alexander I. Merentsov,
• Alexander N. Titov,
• María Taeño,
• David Maestre,
• Sarah R. McKibbin,
• Zygmunt Milosz,
• Ana Cremades,
• Rainer Timm and
• Luca Gregoratti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 700–710, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.54

• charge distribution, to list the most important features. If the building blocks are crystallites, any change in the structure or chemical composition may lead to the formation of incoherent or coherent interfaces among them which may influence the final properties of the material. Often the volumes of

•  1i–k). Operando characterization of InP nanowire p–n junctions Semiconductor nanowires offer unprecedented possibilities in utilizing, combining, and modifying material properties for application in electronic, photonic, energy harvesting, or quantum information devices [15][16]. Their small

• footprint allows for the combination of different materials with dislocation-free interfaces and to form axial or radial heterostructures of varying material, doping, or crystal phase [17][18][19]. Nanowire heterostructures based on III–V semiconductors are especially promising for electronic

High-temperature epitaxial growth of tantalum nitride thin films on MgO: structural evolution and potential for SQUID applications

• Michelle Cedillo Rosillo,
• Oscar Contreras López,
• Jesús Antonio Díaz,
• Agustín Conde Gallardo and
• Harvi A. Castillo Cuero

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 690–699, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.53

• has a superconductive energy gap lower than that of NbN [7], the most commonly used material for single-photon detectors in the gigahertz range; hence, this material can be a better candidate for superconductive electronic devices. Depending on the amount of incorporated nitrogen, x, the tantalum

• nitride system TaNx can be an insulator, semiconductor, or superconductor and also can exhibit a variety of crystallographic phases [8][9]. For example, Nie and collaborators mentioned that Ta2N thin films presented a high-temperature coefficient of resistance, and resistors using this material as a

The impact of tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane hole transport layer doping on interfacial charge extraction and recombination

• Konstantinos Bidinakis and
• Stefan A. L. Weber

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 678–689, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.52

• (pentafluorophenyl)borane (BCF), we enhanced the hole extracting material/perovskite junction quality in spiro-OMeTAD and in PTAA based devices. Measurements under illumination show that the improvement is caused by a reduced recombination rate at the perovskite/hole transporter interface. Keywords: cross-section

• ; hole transport layer doping; Kelvin probe force microscopy; perovskite solar cells; Introduction Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are a promising class of photovoltaic material that exhibits high power conversion efficiencies and relies on a low-cost solution-processed fabrication method [1][2][3][4]. At

• the core of their success lies the perovskite absorber material, which exhibits impressive bulk properties, such as long carrier lifetimes and low recombination rates [5][6][7][8]. However, the granular nature of perovskites and the layered structure of their solar cells, introduce complications such

Colloidal few layered graphene–tannic acid preserves the biocompatibility of periodontal ligament cells

• Teissir Ben Ammar,
• Naji Kharouf,
• Dominique Vautier,
• Housseinou Ba,
• Nivedita Sudheer,
• Philippe Lavalle and
• Vincent Ball

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 664–677, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.51

• significantly enhanced the flexural strength of the material, thereby improving its overall mechanical properties [6]. Additionally, another study investigated the effects of adding graphene oxide nanoplatelets (GONPs) to Portland cement. It was shown that the addition of 1 wt % GONPs improved surface

• , rising from 0.17 in graphite to 0.45 in the FLG–TA material. In addition, the high-resolution C 1s and O 1s spectra of the FLG–TA composite show the presence of carbonyl, ether, and hydroxy groups (Figure 2C,D). The percentage of those moieties in the FLG–TA material increases significantly with respect

• hydrogen bonds and coat various surfaces [23]. Our results are compatible with a model where adsorbed TA molecules create a partially active antioxidant layer on the FLG surface, maintaining bioactivity while enhancing graphene colloid stability. Unfortunately, the zeta potential of the FLG–TA material in

Aprepitant-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles: a novel approach to enhance oral bioavailability

• Mazhar Hussain,
• Muhammad Farooq,
• Muhammad Asad Saeed,
• Muhammad Ijaz,
• Sherjeel Adnan,
• Zeeshan Masood,
• Muhammad Waqas,
• Wafa Ishaq and
• Nabeela Ameer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 652–663, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.50

• pharmacokinetic APT analysis on rats and obtained an AUC0–t value of 1198 ± 317 ng·h/mL [23]. The pharmacokinetic data suggest that APT has excellent permeability in the gastrointestinal tract and drug absorption was more rapid when APT was solubilized in polymeric material. APT-CD-NP4 was superior to APT and APT

Nanoscale capacitance spectroscopy based on multifrequency electrostatic force microscopy

• Pascal N. Rohrbeck,
• Lukas D. Cavar,
• Franjo Weber,
• Peter G. Reichel,
• Mara Niebling and
• Stefan A. L. Weber

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 637–651, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.49

• understanding of material properties, particularly at the nanoscale, where phenomena such as quantum confinement, interface effects, and defect dynamics play a critical role. Innovations in characterization techniques have enabled researchers to explore these properties with unprecedented precision, paving the

• way for the design of materials with tailored functionalities [1][2][3][4][5][6]. Dielectric properties are fundamental for understanding the behavior and performance of various material systems, as they directly influence charge storage, polarization, and energy dissipation mechanisms. For instance

• features. Scanning probe techniques have revolutionized nanoscale material characterization. Since the invention of scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) [16] and atomic force microscopy (AFM) [17], various electric force-based methods, called electrostatic force microscopy (EFM) methods, have emerged to

A formulation containing Cymbopogon flexuosus essential oil: improvement of biochemical parameters and oxidative stress in diabetic rats

• Ailton Santos Sena-Júnior,
• Cleverton Nascimento Santana Andrade,
• Pedro Henrique Macedo Moura,
• Jocsã Hémany Cândido dos Santos,
• Cauãn Torres Trancoso,
• Eloia Emanuelly Dias Silva,
• Deise Maria Rego Rodrigues Silva,
• Ênio Pereira Telles,
• Luiz André Santos Silva,
• Isabella Lima Dantas Teles,
• Sara Fernanda Mota de Almeida,
• Daniel Alves de Souza,
• Jileno Ferreira Santos,
• Felipe José Aidar Martins,
• Ana Mara de Oliveira e Silva,
• Sandra Lauton-Santos,
• Guilherme Rodolfo Souza de Araujo,
• Cristiane Bani Correa,
• Rogéria De Souza Nunes,
• Lysandro Pinto Borges and
• Ana Amélia Moreira Lira

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 617–636, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.48

• inflammation, increased HDL cholesterol levels, and a hepatoprotective effect. Experimental Material The EOCF was obtained commercially from local suppliers (Engenharia das Essências, lot: 451 A225841), produced by Yanih Cosmetics (ANVISA Notification 25351.25600/2017-36). The citral was purchased from Sigma

Focused ion and electron beams for synthesis and characterization of nanomaterials

• Aleksandra Szkudlarek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 613–616, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.47

• tailored 3D architectures [4]. Focused beams not only allow the characterization of atomic structures but also enable precise local modification of material properties through ion milling and the creation of novel structures with tunable mechanical, electrical, and magnetic properties using gas-assisted

• , and substrates to transform them from specialized prototyping to market-relevant methods. Advances are particularly needed in precursor development to achieve desirable material compositions and in modeling to enable full 3D-growth control. As we transition into an era defined by artificial

Polyurethane/silk fibroin-based electrospun membranes for wound healing and skin substitute applications

• Iqra Zainab,
• Zohra Naseem,
• Syeda Rubab Batool,
• Muhammad Waqas,
• Ahsan Nazir and
• Muhammad Anwaar Nazeer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 591–612, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.46

• . The properties of nanofibers such as their high specific surface area, large surface-to-volume ratio, large length-to-diameter ratio, porous membrane structure, and their ability to mimic the extra-cellular matrix (ECM) of natural tissues make them a suitable material for wound dressing and skin

• processing into nanofibers, make it an ideal material for biomedical applications including the reconstruction of bone and cartilage [17][18]. Polyurethan (PU) is a very flexible, long-lasting, and reliable material. It is versatile and can be used in almost every field of work. PU can also be used in

• in the silk thread needs to be removed for biomedical applications because it can lead to allergic reactions [75][76]. Recently, it has been reported that sericin, when used alone, is a biocompatible material. However, combining SF and sericin compromises its biocompatibility [77]. The SF produced by

Feasibility analysis of carbon nanofiber synthesis and morphology control using a LPG premixed flame

• Iftikhar Rahman Bishal,
• Muhammad Hilmi Ibrahim,
• Norikhwan Hamzah,
• Mohd Zamri Mohd Yusop,
• Faizuan Bin Abdullah,
• I Putu Tedy Indrayana and
• Mohd Fairus Mohd Yasin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 581–590, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.45

• combustion mode where the fuel and oxidizer are thoroughly mixed before ignition. LPG is a cheap industrial material used as a carbon source to produce carbon nanomaterials [6]. The application of CNFs includes, but is not limited to, energy storage in batteries and supercapacitors, electronics, drug

Retrieval of B1 phase from high-pressure B2 phase for CdO nanoparticles by electronic excitations in Cd_xZn_1−xO composite thin films

• Arkaprava Das,
• Marcin Zając and
• Carla Bittencourt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 551–560, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.43

• the surface resulting from Ag ion irradiation. The previously distinct void regions are no longer present, suggesting that material may have been sputtered from the film surface due to Ag ion irradiation, potentially leading to the amorphization of the crystallographic B2 phase associated with CdO

• material, which facilitates the amorphization process. The confined of molten material within this narrow cylindrical volume promotes rapid cooling, thereby enhancing the quenching process and resulting in solidification and ion track formation. We have calculated the track diameter for CdO subjected to

Functionalized gold nanoflowers on carbon screen-printed electrodes: an electrochemical platform for biosensing hemagglutinin protein of influenza A H1N1 virus

• Carlos Enrique Torres-Méndez,
• Sharmilee Nandi,
• Klara Martinovic,
• Patrizia Kühne,
• Yifan Liu,
• Sam Taylor,
• Maria Lysandrou,
• Maria Ines Berrojo Romeyro Mascarenhas,
• Viktoria Langwallner,
• Javier Enrique Sebastián Alonso,
• Ivana Jovanovic,
• Maike Lüftner,
• Georgia-Vasiliki Gkountana,
• David Bern,
• Abdul-Raouf Atif,
• Ehsan Manouchehri Doulabi,
• Gemma Mestres and
• Masood Kamali-Moghaddam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 540–550, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.42

• polymerase chain reaction and loop‐mediated isothermal amplification assays have shown great sensitivity for the detection of influenza A virus. These techniques target the genetic material of the virus, and meticulous protocols are required to perform the extraction from the samples [5]. Moreover, they

• , the existence of this effect in a material appears to depend on the size of the superficial nanostructures. A similar effect has been reported for 4-ATP-functionalized multilayered nanostructures of Ag, Au, and Pt with a size range between 48 and 130 nm [36][37] as well as for 4-ATP-functionalized

Electron beam-based direct writing of nanostructures using a palladium β-ketoesterate complex

• Chinmai Sai Jureddy,
• Krzysztof Maćkosz,
• Aleksandra Butrymowicz-Kubiak,
• Iwona B. Szymańska,
• Patrik Hoffmann and
• Ivo Utke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 530–539, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.41

• ]. Nanostructures produced by these methods also serve as prototypes for fundamental experiments on how material properties vary with dimension [28][29]. A key challenge with the FEBID technique is achieving pure metallic nanostructures [30]. To obtain metal deposits, metal complexes with organic and inorganic

• applications [32][33][34], palladium is an important metal as it is the optimal material to make metallic contacts with CNTs [35]. Palladium nanoparticles are also being explored for biomedical applications and sensors [36]. Therefore, Pd nanoprinting via FEBID could emerge as a key technique for creating

• nanocrystalline material with a grain size of 2 nm. These results confirm that the FEBID material derived from [Pd(tbaoac)2] consists of metallic palladium nanograins embedded in a carbonaceous matrix. EDX measurements were conducted at the center of the deposit, marked as the red area in Figure 3a. The BSE range

Zeolite materials with Ni and Co: synthesis and catalytic potential in the selective hydrogenation of citral

• Inocente Rodríguez-Iznaga,
• Yailen Costa Marrero,
• Tania Farias Piñeira,
• Céline Fontaine,
• Lexane Paget,
• Beatriz Concepción Rosabal,
• Arbelio Penton Madrigal,
• Vitalii Petranovskii and
• Gwendoline Lafaye

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 520–529, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.40

• zeolite and Cu(II) nitrate solution, using two different methods, namely, conventional solution ion exchange and incipient wetness impregnation, followed by calcinations at 600 °C in air [5]. The authors reported that, among both zeolites, the Cu–Y material obtained by impregnation followed by calcination

• exhibited a higher surface area and pore volume, which can positively influence its potential application as a material to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. While most studies focus on monocationic exchange, multicationic exchange has raised significant interest. The synergy of properties in multicationic

• 96-900-0630), or CaCl2O4 (calcium hypochlorite, card 96-220-7380). The low nickel and cobalt contents in the CoNiZImp material (Table 1) may limit the detectability of diffraction peaks associated to cobalt and nickel chloride salts on the zeolite support. The contents of cobalt and nickel and other

Water in nanoporous hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets: a first-principles study

• Juliana A. Gonçalves,
• Ronaldo J. C. Batista and
• Marcia C. Barbosa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 510–519, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.39

• affect the hydrophilicity of the h-BN monolayer. Triangular pores render h-BN less hydrophilic than rhombic pores. This distinct behavior between triangular and rhombic pores suggests that pore shape can have a substantial impact on the flow of water through the material. An intriguing aspect of the

N₂⁺-implantation-induced tailoring of structural, morphological, optical, and electrical characteristics of sputtered molybdenum thin films

• Usha Rani,
• Kafi Devi,
• Divya Gupta and
• Sanjeev Aggarwal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 495–509, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.38

• material characteristics. Ion implantation is one of the most attractive techniques because it introduces considerable changes in the surface morphology and composition of the films [13][14]. The uses of implanted Mo thin films cover a broad range of applications including microelectronics and

• implantation-induced damages. These calculations provide detailed insights into the distribution of incident ions and the ion damage cascades within the molybdenum target material. The range of the nitrogen ions is 184 ± 98 Å, which is significantly less than the thickness of the thin films, as shown in Figure

• the target material. This balance highlights the importance of electronic and nuclear interactions in the energy transfer processes during ion implantation. Furthermore, of the total energy of 15 keV from a single nitrogen ion, 8.5 keV produce ionization, while 6.2 keV generate phonons, and 0.29 keV

Performance optimization of a microwave-coupled plasma-based ultralow-energy ECR ion source for silicon nanostructuring

• Joy Mukherjee,
• Safiul Alam Mollick,
• Tanmoy Basu and
• Tapobrata Som

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 484–494, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.37

• applications and play a crucial role in generating charged particles. Various systems harness energetic ions for diverse purposes, spanning material science, high-energy physics, medical applications, and agricultural science [1][2][3][4][5]. Presently, energetic ions find application in various surface

• sources generate enormous possibilities for material modifications both physically and chemically. Further, there are diverse ion production mechanisms. The fundamental process of producing ions is the collision of atoms with ions or electrons, which may be either elastic or inelastic. In elastic

• not suitable for modern-day applications. In material science as well as surface science applications, the ion source should be mobile and adaptable to the vacuum system, having a longer lifetime. Further, the ion source should produce a relatively high beam current (i.e., capable of forming a high

Impact of adsorbate–substrate interaction on nanostructured thin films growth during low-pressure condensation

• Alina V. Dvornichenko,
• Vasyl O. Kharchenko and
• Dmitrii O. Kharchenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 473–483, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.36

• –substrate interactions on scales shorter than the diffusion length. The strength of adsorbate–substrate interaction is defined by both substrate and adsorbed material. Adsorbate–substrate interactions encompass a broad spectrum of physical and chemical phenomena that dictate the initial nucleation

Effect of additives on the synthesis efficiency of nanoparticles by laser-induced reduction

• Rikuto Kuroda,
• Takahiro Nakamura,
• Hideki Ina and
• Shuhei Shibata

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 464–472, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.35

• target source material is a ‘solid’ or a ‘metal ion’. Methods for synthesizing particles using solid materials include laser ablation in liquid (LAL) [13][14][15], laser fragmentation in liquid (LFL) [16], and laser melting in liquid (LML) [17], and many excellent reports have been published on the

• synthesis of various nanoparticles that maintain the crystal structure and composition of the source solid material. In contrast to those methods, laser-induced reduction in liquid (LRL) is a nanoparticle synthesis method based on reduction reactions induced by laser in solution. Synthesis of nanoparticles