Orientation-dependent photonic bandgaps in gold-dust weevil scales and their titania bioreplicates

• Norma Salvadores Farran,
• Limin Wang,
• Primoz Pirih and
• Bodo D. Wilts

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1–10, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.1

• the replica, and the increase of the fill fraction. The measured reflectance spectra, both of the native templates and the replicas, are broader than those produced by the idealized model. This difference is partially attributed to the measurement geometry: While the model assumes a plane wave, in the

• of the side port’s tube lens. The light was reflected to the side via a slide-in mirror and focused by the tube lens on a 200 μm fiber (FC-UVIR200, Avantes, Apeldoorn NL EU) attached to a CCD spectrometer (AvaSpec-ULS2048XL-EVO, Avantes). The measurement spot could be translated using the micrometer

Mechanistic insights into endosomal escape by sodium oleate-modified liposomes

• Ebrahim Sadaqa,
• Satrialdi,
• Fransiska Kurniawan and
• Diky Mudhakir

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1667–1685, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.131

• transformation of resazurin (initially blue and non-fluorescent) into resorufin (pink and fluorescent) by metabolically active cells, facilitating the measurement of cell viability [35][36]. Briefly, 4T1 cells were cultured in DMEM supplemented with 10% FBS and 1% penicillin–streptomycin in a humidified

Attempts to preserve and visualize protein corona on the surface of biological nanoparticles in blood serum using photomodification

• Julia E. Poletaeva,
• Anastasiya V. Tupitsyna,
• Alina E. Grigor’eva,
• Ilya S. Dovydenko and
• Elena I. Ryabchikova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1654–1666, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.130

• technical capabilities of modern TEMs allow for the measurement of object sizes with high accuracy, directly on the computer monitor of a digital camera. Determining the sizes is important for identifying the types of LPs and EVs. TEM was the main method of our study, the aim of which was to visualize the

Fabrication of hafnium-based nanoparticles and nanostructures using picosecond laser ablation

• Abhishek Das,
• Mangababu Akkanaboina,
• Jagannath Rathod,
• R. Sai Prasad Goud,
• Kanaka Ravi Kumar,
• Raghu C. Reddy,
• Ratheesh Ravendran,
• Katia Vutova,
• S. V. S. Nageswara Rao and
• Venugopal Rao Soma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1639–1653, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.129

• -spacings of the outer shells are indicated with yellow lines). SAED measurement locations and patterns for (a, b) nanofibres and (c, d) NPs obtained in DW. EDX spectra and elemental composition of (a) HfNPs-D, (b) HfNPs-T, and (c) HfNPs-A. Reflectance spectra of NPs drop-cast on Si substrates measured

Liver-targeting iron oxide nanoparticles and their complexes with plant extracts for biocompatibility

• Shushanik A. Kazaryan,
• Seda A. Oganian,
• Gayane S. Vardanyan,
• Anatolie S. Sidorenko and
• Ashkhen A. Hovhannisyan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1593–1602, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.125

• supernatant. GPx activity was defined as the formation of 1 mg of purpurogallin from pyrogallol in 20 s. Liver GPx activity was calculated using the formula: where A is the enzyme activity in pkat, ΔD is the change in optical density, t is the measurement time in seconds, and c is the protein concentration

Facile synthesis of size-tunable L-carnosine-capped silver nanoparticles and their role in metal ion sensing and catalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol

• Akash Kumar,
• Ridhima Chadha,
• Abhishek Das,
• Nandita Maiti and
• Rayavarapu Raja Gopal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1576–1592, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.124

• edge filter using 532 nm as an excitation source. The Raman signal of the silicon wafer at 520 cm−1 was considered the reference point for spectrometer calibration, ensuring a spectral measurement accuracy better than 1 cm−1. The Raman spectra acquisition times were approximately 25 s for solid ʟ

Electrochemical nanostructured CuBTC/FeBTC MOF composite sensor for enrofloxacin detection

• Thi Kim Ngan Nguyen,
• Tien Dat Doan,
• Huy Hieu Luu,
• Hoang Anh Nguyen,
• Thi Thu Ha Vu,
• Quang Hai Tran,
• Ha Tran Nguyen,
• Thanh Binh Dang,
• Thi Hai Yen Pham and
• Mai Ha Hoang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1522–1535, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.120

• the MOFs. A sensor for simultaneously detecting hydroquinone and catechol in water using a Cu-MOF–graphene composite was developed by Li and colleagues. Measurement ranges beginning at 1.0 × 10−6 and 1.0 × 10−3 M were achieved, with LODs of 5.9 × 10−7 M and 3.3 × 10−7 M for hydroquinone and catechol

• require shorter times to reach equilibrium. Repeatability and reproducibility of the (Cu)(Fe)BTC@CPE electrode Figure 11a depicts eight successive measurements conducted in 0.20 µM ENR solution using a single electrode without renewing the electrode surface. Clearly, in the second measurement, the ENR

• electrode reproducibility performance was evaluated by comparing SWV signals in 0.2 µM ENR solution obtained on an electrode whose surface was renewed before each measurement (Figure 11b). The data indicated slight fluctuations in peak currents among eight measurements, with a relative standard deviation

Lithium niobate on insulator: an emerging nanophotonic crystal for optimized light control

• Midhun Murali,
• Amit Banerjee and
• Tanmoy Basu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1415–1426, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.114

• and driving coherent interactions with the organic semiconductor molecules. Secondly, enabling the measurement of the evolution of stored energy and the differential reflectivity induced by the pump pulse, which is essential for monitoring the charging dynamics at a femtosecond resolution. The

Out-of-plane polarization induces a picosecond photoresponse in rhombohedral stacked bilayer WSe₂

• Guixian Liu,
• Yufan Wang,
• Zhoujuan Xu,
• Zhouxiaosong Zeng,
• Lanyu Huang,
• Cuihuan Ge and
• Xiao Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1362–1368, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.109

• photodetectors. Keywords: broken inversion symmetry; out-of-plane polarization; picosecond photoresponse; time-resolved photocurrent measurement (TRPC); WSe2; Introduction Two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals (vdW) ferroelectrics with dangling-bond-free surfaces exhibit ferroelectricity by effectively resisting

• ][41][42]. Figure 2b shows the power-law relationship between photocurrent (Iph) and excitation power (P), Iph = P0.6, indicating that the photocurrent exhibits sublinear growth, consistent with the saturation effect. In Figure 2c, the TRPC measurement curve shows a symmetric dip at zero time delay

• ) at room temperature. The electrical properties of the devices were characterized using an Agilent B1500 semiconductor analyzer in a Lake Shore vacuum chamber (10−4 Pa). SPCM and TRPC measurement The photocurrent maps were all obtained under zero bias using a custom-built scanning photocurrent

Investigation of Hf/Ti bilayers for the development of transition-edge sensor microcalorimeters

• Victoria Y. Safonova,
• Anna V. Gordeeva,
• Anton V. Blagodatkin,
• Dmitry A. Pimanov,
• Anton A. Yablokov and
• Andrey L. Pankratov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1353–1361, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.108

• . Otherwise, the critical temperature of the structures would vary significantly, which we do not observe, as shown below. Cryogenic Measurement Results Low-temperature measurements of the chips with structures were performed in a Triton 200 dilution cryostat. The chips were placed in a 16-pin sample holder

• critical temperature of sample A3 compared to the others is due to the lower measurement current. The resistance peak on the R(T) dependence for samples A1 and A2 (Figure 3a and Figure 3b) may appear due to non-equilibrium effects and the presence of NS borders in the setup [16][17]. But presently, we have

Nanoarchitectonics with cetrimonium bromide on metal nanoparticles for linker-free detection of toxic metal ions and catalytic degradation of 4-nitrophenol

• Akash Kumar and
• Raja Gopal Rayavarapu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1312–1332, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.106

• used for measurement. The functionalization of AgNS, AuNS, AuNR1, and AuNR2 with CTAB was validated through Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (Thermo Scientific, Nicolet iS5, USA). 10 mg of the air-dried nanoparticles were placed over a diamond and measured in the range of 400–4000 cm−1

• . The DLS measurement indicated average hydrodynamic radii of 35.80 and 29.60 nm for isotropic silver and gold nanospheres, respectively. DLS measurements of anisotropic nanorods (AuNR1 and AuNR2) could not be carried out because of limitations of the instrument [39]. The nanospheres of silver and gold

Interaction of graphene oxide with tannic acid: computational modeling and toxicity mitigation in C. elegans

• Romana Petry,
• James M. de Almeida,
• Francine Côa,
• Felipe Crasto de Lima,
• Diego Stéfani T. Martinez and
• Adalberto Fazzio

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1297–1311, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.105

• added, and the suspension was sonicated in an ultrasonic bath. The sonication time was controlled by analyzing the material’s hydrodynamic diameters by dynamic light scattering (DLS). Dispersion aliquots for measurement were collected every 10 min, and the sonication was performed until there were no

New design of operational MEMS bridges for measurements of properties of FEBID-based nanostructures

• Bartosz Pruchnik,
• Krzysztof Kwoka,
• Ewelina Gacka,
• Dominik Badura,
• Piotr Kunicki,
• Andrzej Sierakowski,
• Paweł Janus,
• Tomasz Piasecki and
• Teodor Gotszalk

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1273–1282, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.103

• , whose properties must be separated from the measurement system to avoid possible interference. In this paper, we propose novel devices, namely operational micro-electromechanical system (opMEMS) bridges. These are 3D substrates with nanometer-scale actuation capability and equipped with electrical

• possibilities to determine the leakage currents. Moreover, existing methods are detrimental to the proper operation of the device [26][27]. Such 3D substrates can be realised as micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) measurement platforms, which have the advantage of achieving controlled displacement through an

• for the desired MEMS measurement platforms are as follows: They should be dimensionally compatible with the nanostructure to be tested and allow for actuation with an embedded actuation mechanism. To operate, MEMS platforms require auxiliary equipment such as a scanning electron microscope (SEM) or

The role of a tantalum interlayer in enhancing the properties of Fe₃O₄ thin films

• Hai Dang Ngo,
• Vo Doan Thanh Truong,
• Van Qui Le,
• Hoai Phuong Pham and
• Thi Kim Hang Pham

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1253–1259, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.101

• Design magnetic property measurement system, MPMS-5XL), and X-ray diffractometry (Bruker Discover D8), respectively. AFM images (1 × 1 µm2) of Fe3O4 thin films on different substrates. (a) SiO2, (b) MgO(100), and (c) MgO/Ta/SiO2. XRD spectra of sample 1 (black), sample 2 (red), and sample 3 (blue) on

A low-kiloelectronvolt focused ion beam strategy for processing low-thermal-conductance materials with nanoampere currents

• Annalena Wolff,
• Nico Klingner,
• William Thompson,
• Yinghong Zhou,
• Jinying Lin and
• Yin Xiao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1197–1207, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.97

• 246 nm, exceeds the 200 nm blur and an additional measurement is therefore not meaningful here. The blur was achieved by overfocusing the beam. All cross-sections were prepared using 1 µs dwell time. SEM images of the prepared cross-sections were recorded with 5 kV acceleration voltage, 90 pA beam

Photocatalytic methane oxidation over a TiO₂/SiNWs p–n junction catalyst at room temperature

• Qui Thanh Hoai Ta,
• Luan Minh Nguyen,
• Ngoc Hoi Nguyen,
• Phan Khanh Thinh Nguyen and
• Dai Hai Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1132–1141, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.92

• and light conditions. Each measurement was scanned with 0.05 V intervals. The bias supply and current signals were provided and recorded by a Keithley system adapted with an amplifier. XRD patterns of p-Si, p-type SiNWs, and the TiO2/SiNWs sample. Cross-sectional view (a, b) and top view (c, d) SEM

Local work function on graphene nanoribbons

• Daniel Rothhardt,
• Amina Kimouche,
• Tillmann Klamroth and
• Regina Hoffmann-Vogel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1125–1131, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.91

• . Variations in the measurement reveal local work function differences, which are ascribed to the Fermi level shift resulting from the charge transfer between the GNR and the Au substrate. Our results indicate that GNRs are positively charged compared to Au. This is confirmed by calculations and by distance

• (f0 = 292 kHz, cL = 41 N/m) were used for imaging in the frequency modulation (FM) mode operated by a Nanonis electronic system. The tips were cleaned by sputtering (Ar pressure 5 × 10−3 Pa, energy 1 keV, 15 min) and annealing up to 375 K for 1–5 h (pressure below 1 × 10−7 Pa) prior to measurement

• irregularities such as kinks or defects at the edge are observed in the topography measurement. For example for the GNR where the cross section has been taken, marked by a black line, there is a kink associated with a darker region in the local work function, and in the topography image there are some small

Unveiling the potential of alginate-based nanomaterials in sensing technology and smart delivery applications

• Shakhzodjon Uzokboev,
• Khojimukhammad Akhmadbekov,
• Ra’no Nuritdinova,
• Salah M. Tawfik and
• Yong-Ill Lee

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1077–1104, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.88

• environmental monitoring. Accurate detection and measurement of H2O2 levels is vital for understanding its role in biological processes, diagnosing diseases, and monitoring environmental pollutants [114]. Alginate-based nanoparticles have depicted great potential in hydrogen peroxide sensing. A silver/poly(3

Signal generation in dynamic interferometric displacement detection

• Knarik Khachatryan,
• Simon Anter,
• Michael Reichling and
• Alexander von Schmidsfeld

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1070–1076, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.87

• . In a non-contact atomic force microscope (NC-AFM), it facilitates the force measurement by recording the periodic displacement of an oscillating microcantilever. To understand signal generation in a NC-AFM-based Michelson-type interferometer, we evaluate the non-linear response of the interferometer

• is essential for quantitative NC-AFM; therefore, various methods have been suggested to determine the calibration factor S [10][19][20][21][22]. There is a simple and rough, but commonly used, method of calibration of the cantilever displacement by an interferometer, which is based on the measurement

• amplitude error. The relative error in the wavelength measurement is δλ/λ = 0.00075 as detailed below. The error in the adjustment of the light spot on the cantilever with length lc is the positioning error δlc = 5 μm, which is the distance between the laser spot position and the tip position as illustrated

Bolometric IR photoresponse based on a 3D micro-nano integrated CNT architecture

• Yasameen Al-Mafrachi,
• Sandeep Yadav,
• Sascha Preu,
• Jörg J. Schneider and
• Oktay Yilmazoglu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1030–1040, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.84

• 980 nm. A Thorlabs compact laser diode controller set the output power to 4 mW. The spot size of the laser beam of 100 μm was accurately determined using the knife edge method [17]. A mechanical chopper was used to modulate the laser beam intensity. The key component in the responsivity measurement

• . Optimized contacts between the Cr/Au pads and the M-shaped CNT block can be obtained, for example, with additional CNT blocks grown on the Cr/Au pads, as shown in [7]. DC measurements The first step involved the measurement of the bolometer resistance Rbolometer as a function of temperature T induced by a

• , respectively. The thermal conductances of sample 1 and sample 2 were calculated as Gth1 = 7.45 × 10−6 W/K and Gth2 = 3.3 × 10−7 W/K, respectively. Responsivity measurement The voltage responsivity (ℜV) is one of the main device parameters in the evaluation of microbolometer performance, serving as a

Recent progress on field-effect transistor-based biosensors: device perspective

• Billel Smaani,
• Fares Nafa,
• Mohamed Salah Benlatrech,
• Ismahan Mahdi,
• Hamza Akroum,
• Mohamed walid Azizi,
• Khaled Harrar and
• Sayan Kanungo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 977–994, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.80

• simulations (EDAS) [77][78]. Furthermore, an amplifier with common-source architecture has been incorporated into a simple analog circuit for the amplification of the threshold-voltage change, leading to the measurement of pH change at the level of the biosensor surface. Thus, two different circuits for

A review on the structural characterization of nanomaterials for nano-QSAR models

• Salvador Moncho,
• Eva Serrano-Candelas,
• Jesús Vicente de Julián-Ortiz and
• Rafael Gozalbes

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 854–866, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.71

• measurement, which was applied both to the size itself but also to the electronegativity [74][75]. Indirect descriptors of the nanoform properties Experimental measurements (d): Because of the complex structures of NMs, it is challenging to understand how the nanostructure affects their chemical and

• involved in the activity modelled or that have a structural origin related to the activity mechanism. A very common property included in several models [23][44][60][68][76] is the zeta potential (a measurement of the charge at the surface of the NMs). The zeta potential value used as a descriptor can be

• uses the measurement in pure water (first layer) and another one that allows for estimating the value of the zeta potential in the ionized medium (second layer) using the output of the first layer [78]. Although the zeta potential is most often included as a numerical value, it can be also used to

Investigation on drag reduction on rotating blade surfaces with microtextures

• Qinsong Zhu,
• Chen Zhang,
• Fuhang Yu and
• Yan Xu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 833–853, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.70

• Aeronautics and Astronautics. Pictures and a schematic diagram of the wind tunnel test platform are shown in Figure 8. Figure 8b shows that the wake measurement device consisting of a three-hole probe, a motor, and a guide rail. Ten probes were utilized to measure the wake, while the motor facilitates control

• °, respectively; (3) measurement of the TP and P at the inlet and outlet, respectively, and calculation of ξ and observation of the wake loss distribution; (4) change of velocity and angle of attack to 130.67 m/s and 54.8°, respectively, and continuation according to step 3; (5) change of velocity and angle of

Intermixing of MoS₂ and WS₂ photocatalysts toward methylene blue photodegradation

• Maryam Al Qaydi,
• Nitul S. Rajput,
• Michael Lejeune,
• Abdellatif Bouchalkha,
• Mimoun El Marssi,
• Steevy Cordette,
• Chaouki Kasmi and
• Mustapha Jouiad

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 817–829, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.68

• distilled water required are variable and adjusted experimentally. The redilution process is controlled by the spectrophotometric absorption measurement. Between the first and fourth cycles, the PD rate constants were observed to decrease from 3.3 min−1 to 1.8 × 10−3 min−1 and 6.1 min−1 to 2 × 10−3 min−1 in

Electron-induced ligand loss from iron tetracarbonyl methyl acrylate

• Hlib Lyshchuk,
• Atul Chaudhary,
• Thomas F. M. Luxford,
• Miloš Ranković,
• Jaroslav Kočišek,
• Juraj Fedor,
• Lisa McElwee-White and
• Pamir Nag

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 797–807, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.66

• 4.4 eV resonance peak of O− anions produced via DEA to CO2. The electron beam energy resolution was estimated by fitting and extracting the width of the 4.4 eV resonance peak of O−/CO2; during the present measurement it was around 100 meV. In the given mass range, the quadrupole mass resolution was