Nanocrystalline ZrO₂ and Pt-doped ZrO₂ catalysts for low-temperature CO oxidation

• Amit Singhania and
• Shipra Mital Gupta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 264–271, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.29

• thermal conductivity detector (TCD). Each run was tested for at least 60 min to achieve a steady state. The CO conversion was measured as follows: XRD patterns of (a) ZrO2, and (b) Pt(1%)-ZrO2. Expanded XRD region between 29° and 32° to show the peak shift between (a) ZrO2 and (b) Pt(1%)-ZrO2. TGA of (a

Graphene–polymer coating for the realization of strain sensors

• Carmela Bonavolontà,
• Carla Aramo,
• Massimo Valentino,
• Giampiero Pepe,
• Sergio De Nicola,
• Gianfranco Carotenuto,
• Angela Longo,
• Mariano Palomba,
• Simone Boccardi and
• Carosena Meola

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 21–27, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.3

• thermal noise, as shown in the Figure 5. It is interesting to stress here that this result is obtained on a graphene/PMMA sample where the graphene layer is about 1 μm thick. This behavior can be ascribed to the high thermal conductivity of graphene compared to the other materials reported in Figure 5

The difference in the thermal conductivity of nanofluids measured by different methods and its rationalization

• Aparna Zagabathuni,
• Sudipto Ghosh and
• Shyamal Kumar Pabi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 2037–2044, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.194

• notable enhancement in thermal conductivity, when measured by the transient hot-wire method. In contrast, when the conductivity of the same nanofluid is measured by the laser flash method, the enhancement reported is about one order of magnitude lower. This difference has been quantitatively resolved for

• -mediated heat transfer model; laser flash method; nanofluids; thermal conductivity; transient hot-wire method; Introduction In 1995, Choi et al. [1] dispersed copper nanoparticles in water, and termed the suspension as nanofluid. They observed a large increase in the thermal conductivity of this nanofluid

• compared to water when measured by the transient hot-wire method (THWM). Subsequently, the thermal conductivity of nanofluids has been extensively investigated by THWM with the prospect to use them for enhanced heat-transfer applications [2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. However, the cause of this enhanced thermal

Role of RGO support and irradiation source on the photocatalytic activity of CdS–ZnO semiconductor nanostructures

• Suneel Kumar,
• Rahul Sharma,
• Vipul Sharma,
• Gurunarayanan Harith,
• Vaidyanathan Sivakumar and
• Venkata Krishnan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1684–1697, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.161

• dimensional (2D) network of sp2-hybridized carbon atoms with hexagonal packed lattice structure [28]. Graphene also possesses unique electronic, optical and mechanical properties such as high theoretical specific surface area (2630 m2·g−1) [29], chemical stability, high transparency and good thermal

• conductivity (5000 W·m−1·K−1) [30]. Its optical transmittance is about 97.7% and possesses superior electron mobility (200000 cm2·V−1·s−1), which makes it an ideal material for photocatalyst support [31]. Several semiconductor nanocomposites supported on graphene have been used as photocatalysts for the

Analysis of self-heating of thermally assisted spin-transfer torque magnetic random access memory

• Austin Deschenes,
• Sadid Muneer,
• Mustafa Akbulut,
• Ali Gokirmak and
• Helena Silva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1676–1683, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.160

• the temperature, t is the time, k is the thermal conductivity, and Π is the net Peltier coefficient. Thermoelectric Peltier, and Thomson heat terms are included in the heat equation (Equation 2). Tunneling through the device is modeled using an external circuit that circumvents the thin insulating

• T is the local temperature. Temperature-dependent materials properties [7][10][11][12][13][14] (Figure 3) are used for CoFeB, MgO, and Fe. The temperature-dependent thermal conductivity of CoFeB is calculated using the Wiedemann–Franz law: where L is the Lorenz number. It is assumed the annealing

• different heat paths through metal and passivation layers, the configurations with passivation–Cu contacts (I, III) are simulated with and without thermal boundary resistances (TBR) applied on the passivation–Cu interfaces. This TBR is modeled as a 1 nm thick virtual layer with a thermal conductivity of

Fracture behaviors of pre-cracked monolayer molybdenum disulfide: A molecular dynamics study

• Qi-lin Xiong,
• Zhen-huan Li and
• Xiao-geng Tian

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1411–1420, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.132

• ][12][13][14]. Jiang et al. [15] presented a parameterization of the Stillinger–Weber (SW) potential to describe the interatomic interactions within single-layer MoS2 (SLMoS2). And based on this potential, they studied chirality, size, and strain effects on the Young’s modulus and the thermal

• conductivity of defect-free SLMoS2 by using classical MDS. Dang et al. [16] used MDS with a reactive empirical bond order potential to study the mechanical deformation and failure of monolayer molybdenum disulfide under uniaxial and multiaxial tension. Zhao et al. [17] investigated the influence of temperature

Reasons and remedies for the agglomeration of multilayered graphene and carbon nanotubes in polymers

• Rasheed Atif and
• Fawad Inam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1174–1196, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.109

Thermo-voltage measurements of atomic contacts at low temperature

• Ayelet Ofarim,
• Bastian Kopp,
• Thomas Möller,
• León Martin,
• Johannes Boneberg,
• Paul Leiderer and
• Elke Scheer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 767–775, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.68

• suitable for low temperature measurements. Apart from being flexible its thermal conductivity is one to two orders of magnitude lower at 4 K than the one of the usual metallic substrates. This supports the creation (and the preservation) of a temperature gradient for thermopower measurements. Due to r.m.s

• to All other parameters, A, b0, and c are not relevant for the determination. Sample details Simulation details For the simulations we used the following material parameters: Gold: Thermal conductivity κ = 320/1.85 W m−1 K−1, specific heat cp = 128 J kg−1 K−1, mass density ρm = 19300 kg m−3

Charge and heat transport in soft nanosystems in the presence of time-dependent perturbations

• Alberto Nocera,
• Carmine Antonio Perroni,
• Vincenzo Marigliano Ramaglia and
• Vittorio Cataudella

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 439–464, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.39

• always gets larger with increasing the electron–vibration coupling EP. Actually, the electron–oscillator coupling gives rise to an additional damping rate on the vibrational dynamics whose effect is to enhance the thermal conductivity . In a certain sense, due to the electron–vibration coupling, the

Synthesis and applications of carbon nanomaterials for energy generation and storage

• Marco Notarianni,
• Jinzhang Liu,
• Kristy Vernon and
• Nunzio Motta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 149–196, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.17

• hexagons around the equatorial plane and exhibits a more oval shape (Figure 4) [26]. The main properties of C60 are [25]: Young’s modulus, ≈14 GPa Electrical resistivity, ≈1014 Ω m Thermal conductivity, ≈0.4 W/mK Band gap, 1.7 eV The other fullerene species show similar properties to C60. Depending on the

• , ≈0.62–1.25 TPa [40] Electrical resistivity, ≈1 μΩ cm [41] Thermal conductivity, ≈3000 W/mK [42] In addition to their extraordinary properties, the density of CNTs is around 1.33–1.4 g/cm3 [40], which is half of the density of aluminium (2.7 g/cm3), making them very attractive for lightweight

• ][63], high Young’s modulus (≈1 TPa) with an intrinsic strength of 130 GPa [64][65], high thermal conductivity (over 3000 W m−1 K−1) [66] and excellent optical transmittance (≈97.7%) [67]. Additional graphene characteristics include: high theoretical specific surface area (2630 m2 g−1) [68

Current-induced runaway vibrations in dehydrogenated graphene nanoribbons

• Rasmus Bjerregaard Christensen,
• Jing-Tao Lü,
• Per Hedegård and
• Mads Brandbyge

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 68–74, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.8

• study since its discovery in 2004 [1]. Due to the strong σ-bonding between carbon atoms, graphene has a very high thermal conductivity, and can potentially sustain much higher current intensities than other materials. Graphene nanoribbons (GNR) exhibit a bandgap opening due to quantum confinement in the

Calculations of helium separation via uniform pores of stanene-based membranes

• Guoping Gao,
• Yan Jiao,
• Yalong Jiao,
• Fengxian Ma,
• Liangzhi Kou and
• Aijun Du

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2470–2476, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.256

• lattice; Introduction With many outstanding properties such as low density, low boiling point, low solubility, and high thermal conductivity and inertness, helium finds extensive application in cryogenic science [1], arc welding processes [2], and leak detection [3]. Although it is the second most

High I_on/I_off current ratio graphene field effect transistor: the role of line defect

• Mohammad Hadi Tajarrod and
• Hassan Rasooli Saghai

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2062–2068, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.210

• of its unique electronic transport properties. The properties of graphene such ultra-thin body properties for optimum electrostatic scaling and excellent thermal conductivity has made it a potential alternative to silicon and facilitated the manufacture of devices [1][2]. Furthermore, the high

• the best candidates for changing the hexagon structure of graphene with acceptable C–C distances and angles for sp2 hybridization [7]. These defects play a remarkable role in graphene and nano-structured devices. One controlled defect in graphene are grain boundaries. The electrical and thermal

• conductivity decrease with grain boundaries in materials [8][9]. By studying the grain boundaries in graphite, extended line defects become visible in the STM analysis [10]. The first experimental report of the extended line defect (ELD), which was studied through alternating Stone–Thrower–Wales defects, was

Simulation of thermal stress and buckling instability in Si/Ge and Ge/Si core/shell nanowires

• Suvankar Das,
• Amitava Moitra,
• Mishreyee Bhattacharya and
• Amlan Dutta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1970–1977, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.201

• for next generation transistor devices. The radial heterostructure offers the advantage of control of the band gap and charge carrier mobility by tuning their size [5] and selecting suitable impurity doping scheme [3][6]. In addition, they exhibit significantly suppressed phonon thermal conductivity

• been widely adopted for incorporating the quantum effects in classical MD simulations dealing with the measurement of thermal properties such as thermal conductivity [31] and the coefficient of thermal expansion [32][33]. In this method, a system with N atoms produces the 3N × 3N dynamical matrix, as

Temperature-dependent breakdown of hydrogen peroxide-treated ZnO and TiO₂ nanoparticle agglomerates

• Sinan Sabuncu and
• Mustafa Çulha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1897–1903, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.193

• nm) was examined [16]. The thermal conductivity and surface potential of the nanofluids were also studied [17][18][19]. The toxicity of NPs is another concern that is strongly related to their size, shape, and surface chemistry. Since the synthesis of NPs of a certain size and shape in large

Metal hydrides: an innovative and challenging conversion reaction anode for lithium-ion batteries

• Luc Aymard,
• Yassine Oumellal and
• Jean-Pierre Bonnet

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1821–1839, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.186

• particle size of the hydride but also enhances its reactivity vs Li-ions. In the case of the system Mg/MgH2, 5% of Super P carbon was mixed with the Mg powder in order to increase the thermal conductivity of the powder and to prevent the necking of particles during sorption cycles. Figure 13a and Figure

• commercial hydride, as expected (Figure 16). The dispersion of the hydride particles into carbon increases the thermal conductivity of the powder and helps the hydrogen release. With regard to the electrochemical properties, the potential–capacity curves of an electrode composite of MgH2–10% Ct,z obtained

Possibilities and limitations of advanced transmission electron microscopy for carbon-based nanomaterials

• Xiaoxing Ke,
• Carla Bittencourt and
• Gustaaf Van Tendeloo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1541–1557, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.158

• excellent electric and thermal conductivity [47][48] and suffer only slightly from damage related to inelastic scattering. Although the previous discussion has pointed out that low operating voltages increase the damage of large holes possibly due to etching, imaging conditions of 60 keV and 80 keV are

Thermal energy storage – overview and specific insight into nitrate salts for sensible and latent heat storage

• Nicole Pfleger,
• Thomas Bauer,
• Claudia Martin,
• Markus Eck and
• Antje Wörner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1487–1497, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.154

• the storage capacity is directly proportional to the heat capacity which therefore is an essential parameter. Several data exist which are summarized in the following. The data show that the heat capacity is slightly increasing with temperature (see Figure 2). Concerning the thermal conductivity

• several data exist which are not consistent and therefore rather give a rough idea, as shown in Figure 3. Even though the data differ in the different publications the measurements show that the thermal conductivity increases with temperature. More precise data require additional experiments. As to the

• properties (porosity, density, compressive strength, heat capacity) and the thermal stability up to 400 °C in an air atmosphere have been determined. Quartzite was chosen as the most suitable filler material because of its high thermal conductivity (caused by the high percentage of the mineral quartz) and

Improved optical limiting performance of laser-ablation-generated metal nanoparticles due to silica-microsphere-induced local field enhancement

• Zheren Du,
• Lianwei Chen,
• Tsung-Sheng Kao,
• Mengxue Wu and
• Minghui Hong

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1199–1204, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.122

• absorbed laser energy. Hence, the size of the laser-generated Ag nanoparticles is larger. Au and Ag have different physical properties, such as the absorption spectrum of the laser light, melting point, boiling point and thermal conductivity, which all can contribute to the size difference. The laser

Enhancing the thermoelectric figure of merit in engineered graphene nanoribbons

• Hatef Sadeghi,
• Sara Sangtarash and
• Colin J. Lambert

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1176–1182, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.119

• thermoelectricity requires a strongly suppressed thermal conductivity (κ) since the performance of thermoelectric devices is inversely proportional to the thermal conductivity. On the other hand, the cooling of local hot spots requires a high thermal conductivity [3]. Thermal conductance in a solid is defined by

• graphene [20]. This means that 2D graphene and its multilayer counterparts are useful for thermal management applications [21]. The high thermal conductivity of the graphene is mainly due to the high phonon contribution to heat transport. Therefore, for thermoelectricity applications, one needs to engineer

• phonon transport to achieve a low thermal conductivity. Moreover, graphene is a zero-gap material and not suitable to use as thermoelectric material because of its very small Seebeck coefficient. However, theoretical studies revealed that phonon transport is sensitive to defects, strain, sample size and

Graphene quantum interference photodetector

• Mahbub Alam and
• Paul L. Voss

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 726–735, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.74

• as high electrical mobility, high thermal conductivity, high mechanical strength, linear energy dispersion around the Dirac point and strong light absorption from near-infrared to visible wavelengths [1][2][3]. Graphene also exhibits ballistic electron transport over unusually long lengths [4][5][6

Structural, optical, opto-thermal and thermal properties of ZnS–PVA nanofluids synthesized through a radiolytic approach

• Alireza Kharazmi,
• Nastaran Faraji,
• Roslina Mat Hussin,
• Elias Saion,
• W. Mahmood Mat Yunus and
• Kasra Behzad

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 529–536, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.55

• , powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) for confirming the formation and crystalline structure of ZnS nanoparticles, UV–visible spectroscopy for measuring the electronic absorption characteristics, transient hot wire (THW) and photoacoustic measurements for measuring the thermal conductivity and thermal

• effusivity of the samples, from which, for the first time, the values of specific heat and thermal diffusivity of the samples were then calculated. Keywords: Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR); specific heat; thermal conductivity; thermal effusivity; ZnS nanoparticles; Introduction Over the

• originating from chemical initiators [6]. The interest in measuring the thermal conductivity (k) and the thermal effusivity (e) of nanofluids containing semiconductors has increased [15] because of their increasing use in devices [16]. The photoacoustic (PA) effect has been demonstrated to be a valid

Synthesis of boron nitride nanotubes and their applications

• Saban Kalay,
• Zehra Yilmaz,
• Ozlem Sen,
• Melis Emanet,
• Emine Kazanc and
• Mustafa Çulha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 84–102, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.9

• radiation absorption. Their electrical insulation is indeed very high, despite a high thermal conductivity [6]. Due to these properties, they can be used in a wide range of applications. BNNTs can resist oxidation in air up to 1000 °C while CNTs are resistant only up to 500 °C under the same conditions [7

SERS and DFT study of copper surfaces coated with corrosion inhibitor

• Maurizio Muniz-Miranda,
• Francesco Muniz-Miranda and
• Stefano Caporali

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2489–2497, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.258

• large electrical and thermal conductivity, mechanical workability and durability (due to its endurance to weathering). These properties, however, can be compromised by the occurrence of corrosion. In fact, copper undergoes severe corrosion in the presence of ions such as chlorides, which can be present

Synthesis of Pt nanoparticles and their burrowing into Si due to synergistic effects of ion beam energy losses

• Pravin Kumar,
• Udai Bhan Singh,
• Kedar Mal,
• Sunil Ojha,
• Indra Sulania,
• Dinakar Kanjilal,
• Dinesh Singh and
• Vidya Nand Singh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1864–1872, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.197

• combination is 846/ion (TRIM calculations). Using the thermal properties of silicon (a specific heat of 710 J/kg∙K and a thermal conductivity of 150 W/m∙K) and electronic energy deposited by the ions in silicon, we expect a spike temperature of about ≈2540 K (within 1 ps and 1 nm away from the ion track) [44