Radiosensitizing properties of dual-functionalized carbon nanostructures loaded with temozolomide

• Radmila Milenkovska,
• Nikola Geskovski,
• Dushko Shalabalija,
• Ljubica Mihailova,
• Petre Makreski,
• Dushko Lukarski,
• Igor Stojkovski,
• Maja Simonoska Crcarevska and
• Kristina Mladenovska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 229–251, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.18

• effects [78][79], while another shows accumulation in microglia cells (BV2 glioma cell line) with uptake mechanisms that include energy-dependent (transcytosis) and/or independent mechanisms (needle like transfer through the cell membranes) [80]. Recently, it was shown that graphene enters into the cells

Recent advances in photothermal nanomaterials for ophthalmic applications

• Jiayuan Zhuang,
• Linhui Jia,
• Chenghao Li,
• Rui Yang,
• Jiapeng Wang,
• Wen-an Wang,
• Heng Zhou and
• Xiangxia Luo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 195–215, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.16

• , and inorganic semiconductor materials that absorb light through bandgap transitions [25]. The specific photothermal properties of these materials, encompassing aspects such as range and rate of light absorption, photothermal conversion efficiency, heat transfer capability, and photothermal stability

A review of metal-organic frameworks and polymers in mixed matrix membranes for CO₂ capture

• Charlotte Skjold Qvist Christensen,
• Nicholas Hansen,
• Mahboubeh Motadayen,
• Nina Lock,
• Martin Lahn Henriksen and
• Jonathan Quinson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 155–186, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.14

• layers are formed, decreasing the mass transfer resistance and increasing the gas permeation flux. Sutrisna et al. [98] fabricated a novel HFMMM consisting of an inner polyvinylidenfluorid (PVDF) porous support dip-coated with a highly permeable poly(1-trimethylsilyl-1-propyne) (PTMSP) gutter layer, a

• improved resistance to temperature and chemical factors over conventional HFMMMs [60][99]. Compared with traditional flat sheet MMMs, the significant decrease in the thickness of the dense, selective layer inherently decreases mass transfer resistance and enhances gas permeation flux [80][87], rendering

TiO₂ immobilized on 2D mordenite: effect of hydrolysis conditions on structural, textural, and optical characteristics of the nanocomposites

• Marina G. Shelyapina,
• Rosario Isidro Yocupicio-Gaxiola,
• Gleb A. Valkovsky and
• Vitalii Petranovskii

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 128–140, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.12

• efficiency than the bulk phase, but the bandgap of anatase particles smaller than 10 nm is very sensitive to their size [14]. One of the disadvantages of such free photocatalyst nanoparticles is the limitation of mass transfer between solid and liquid phases. From this perspective, the problem of

• . Despite the still large bandgap, the immobilization of TiO2 on the zeolite matrix, combined with the mesopore structure important for high mass transfer properties, suggests that these materials may be promising catalysts under flow conditions. However, it is necessary to further search for parameters to

Characterization of ZnO nanoparticles synthesized using probiotic Lactiplantibacillus plantarum GP258

• Prashantkumar Siddappa Chakra,
• Aishwarya Banakar,
• Shriram Narayan Puranik,
• Vishwas Kaveeshwar,
• C. R. Ravikumar and
• Devaraja Gayathri

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 78–89, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.8

• frequency (ω), Y, and n. The obtained results suggest robust electron transfer and enhanced electrocatalytic efficiency in dextrose oxidation [19][20][21] (Figure 5). Antibacterial activity of ZnO NPs The biogenic ZnO NPs presented a good dispersion and exhibited antibacterial activity against both Gram

• synthesized from different biological sources. In our study, cyclic voltammetry was used to assess the electrochemical properties of ZnO NPs, which exhibited reversible redox behavior and efficient electron transfer. A similar study by Matinise et al. [25] on ZnO NPs synthesized using Moringa oleifera also

• ) EDX spectroscopy for elemental composition. (e) Zeta potential measurement. (f) DLS results showing the size distribution of ZnO NPs. (a, b) Cyclic voltammetry response of the ZnO electrode in 0.1 M KCl solution at varying scan rates, showing redox behavior and electron transfer characteristics. (c

Advanced atomic force microscopy techniques V

• Philipp Rahe,
• Ilko Bald,
• Nadine Hauptmann,
• Regina Hoffmann-Vogel,
• Harry Mönig and
• Michael Reichling

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 54–56, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.6

• . Grévin et al. further push the boundaries of the detection by implementing an open-loop variant of KPFM which accesses the spectrum of a time-periodic surface potential [5]. By exploiting a double heterodyne frequency mixing effect, they can selectively transfer each harmonic component to the second

• carry out a more detailed characterization of the optoelectronic properties. Rothhardt et al. map the local work function on graphene nanoribbons [7]. They experimentally investigate the charge transfer between a gold substrate and graphene nanoribbons and compare that to DFT calculations. Indeed, the

Mechanistic insights into endosomal escape by sodium oleate-modified liposomes

• Ebrahim Sadaqa,
• Satrialdi,
• Fransiska Kurniawan and
• Diky Mudhakir

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1667–1685, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.131

Heterogeneous reactions in a HFCVD reactor: simulation using a 2D model

• Xochitl Aleyda Morán Martínez,
• José Alberto Luna López,
• Zaira Jocelyn Hernández Simón,
• Gabriel Omar Mendoza Conde,
• José Álvaro David Hernández de Luz and
• Godofredo García Salgado

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1627–1638, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.128

• the simulation are discussed regarding the profiles of temperature, gas velocity, and concentration of the species. Finally, the main conclusions of this research are expressed in section “Conclusion”. The study focuses on the convective transfer of the reactive gases to the solid source and the

• continuity, momentum, and heat transfer by the finite element method. Mathematical method and equations The complex growth of non-stoichiometric silicon oxide films in a HFCVD reactor involves different physics. For the description of the behavior of all systems, it is necessary to incorporate mathematical

• equations; for an incompressible flow, ρ = constant. The continuity equation in the general form is expressed by Equation 7, the momentum equation in the general form is given by Equation 8, and the transfer of heat in fluids is described by Equation 9: where u is the velocity vector (m·s−1), ρ is the

Facile synthesis of size-tunable L-carnosine-capped silver nanoparticles and their role in metal ion sensing and catalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol

• Akash Kumar,
• Ridhima Chadha,
• Abhishek Das,
• Nandita Maiti and
• Rayavarapu Raja Gopal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1576–1592, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.124

• pristine silver nanospheres upon interaction. The appearance of the redshifted peak might be due to charge transfer or aggregation [7]. An increased nanoparticle size leads to a further redshift of the plasmonic peak [26]. Hydrodynamic size, zeta potential, and morphology of the ʟ-car-AgNPs are shown in

• nanoparticle surface, followed by the electron transfer from NaBH4 to the adsorbed P-NP molecules facilitated by the AgNPs. The obtained rate constants indicate that ʟ-carnosine-capped AgNPs are comparable to or more efficient than other noble metal nanoparticles (Table 2), underscoring their potential as cost

Electrochemical nanostructured CuBTC/FeBTC MOF composite sensor for enrofloxacin detection

• Thi Kim Ngan Nguyen,
• Tien Dat Doan,
• Huy Hieu Luu,
• Hoang Anh Nguyen,
• Thi Thu Ha Vu,
• Quang Hai Tran,
• Ha Tran Nguyen,
• Thanh Binh Dang,
• Thi Hai Yen Pham and
• Mai Ha Hoang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1522–1535, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.120

• sensors has some limitations associated with the low conductivity of MOFs. Therefore, the coupling with conducting materials, such as carbon-based materials, metal nanoparticles, and polymers, has been performed to enhance the electron charge transfer of MOFs [23][24]; single MOFs combined with carbon

• capacity, and an acceptable efficacy of the electron transfer, Cu3(BTC)2 exhibited a good sensitivity to 2,4-dichlorophenol in the range from 0.04 to 1.00 μM with a limit of detection (LOD) of 9 nM in differential pulse voltammetry measurements. Moreover, the combination of metal oxides and MOFs showed better

• electrochemical detection ability than pristine MOFs. For example, Wang et al. developed a MOF/TiO2 composite to quantify chlorogenic acid in a range from 0.01 to 1.00 μM with a low LOD of 7 nM [30]. Utilizing carbon-based materials can provide not only enhanced electron transfer but also catalytic functions for

Integrating high-performance computing, machine learning, data management workflows, and infrastructures for multiscale simulations and nanomaterials technologies

• Fabio Le Piane,
• Mario Vozza,
• Matteo Baldoni and
• Francesco Mercuri

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1498–1521, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.119

• visualization and interactive exploration of integrated datasets, allowing researchers to visualize and comprehend intricate relationships between different variables and parameters [24]. This integrated data analysis approach fosters cross-disciplinary collaboration, facilitates knowledge transfer, and

• modelling, AI, and related infrastructures described above, constitute a major obstacle to the implementation of efficient technology transfer pathways for materials development to boost the impact of innovative digital tools to broad socioeconomic sectors. The transfer of knowledge and technology from

• scenarios. As stated above, even low-TRL basic research lacks most of the requirements to initiate a path towards standardization and industrial validation. The technical limitations outlined above result in significant issues for technology transfer in the field. These include the lack of industry-grade

Ion-induced surface reactions and deposition from Pt(CO)₂Cl₂ and Pt(CO)₂Br₂

• Mohammed K. Abdel-Rahman,
• Patrick M. Eckhert,
• Atul Chaudhary,
• Johnathon M. Johnson,
• Jo-Chi Yu,
• Lisa McElwee-White and
• D. Howard Fairbrother

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1427–1439, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.115

• transfer from the incident ion to adsorbed precursor molecules. This precursor decomposition step is accompanied by a decrease in the oxidation state of the Pt(II) atoms and, in IBID, represents the elementary reaction step that converts the molecular precursor into an involatile PtX2 species. Upon further

• emission, and physical sputtering of adsorbed or substrate atoms [21][22][25][31][36][37][38][39][40]. Ion-induced deposition can occur via a momentum/energy transfer process [21][25][41][42] that results in the decomposition of the precursor to form volatile species and an involatile deposit containing

• the metal of interest. Furthermore, as the volatile species escape the system, they can collide with adsorbed material leading to a cascade of momentum transfer events [43]. In contrast to FIBID, FEBID occurs via different electron stimulated mechanisms, namely, dissociative electron attachment (DEA

Lithium niobate on insulator: an emerging nanophotonic crystal for optimized light control

• Midhun Murali,
• Amit Banerjee and
• Tanmoy Basu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1415–1426, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.114

• implanted layer. This results in the transfer of a thin LN layer onto the SiO2 (or TiO2) substrate, leaving behind a smooth surface that can be further polished if necessary [30][31]. Overall, LiNbO3/TiO2 multi-stacks hold promise for specific applications; however, careful design, advanced fabrication, and

• element and finally give rise to the collective E field solution. Similarly, for the reflectance calculation on the structure, COMSOL utilizes the transfer matrix method (TMM). The analytical expression for reflectance at the desired wavelength for a lossless even-number-layered 1D PhC is the following

Out-of-plane polarization induces a picosecond photoresponse in rhombohedral stacked bilayer WSe₂

• Guixian Liu,
• Yufan Wang,
• Zhoujuan Xu,
• Zhouxiaosong Zeng,
• Lanyu Huang,
• Cuihuan Ge and
• Xiao Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1362–1368, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.109

• stacking depicted in Figure 1a as AB, where the tungsten atoms (W, blue dots) are positioned directly above the selenium atoms (Se, purple dots). This arrangement leads to charge transfer from the lower layer to the upper layer, resulting in downward polarization [24] (as shown by the black arrow in Figure

• monolayers of WSe2 were aligned at a 0° angle to form the 3R phase. The graphene/3R WSe2/graphene heterojunctions were aligned and assembled onto a SiO2/Si substrate by the all-dry transfer method. Au/Cr (50/10 nm) electrodes were patterned using standard electron-beam lithography (EBL, Raith 150 Two) and

Hymenoptera and biomimetic surfaces: insights and innovations

• Vinicius Marques Lopez,
• Carlo Polidori and
• Rhainer Guillermo Ferreira

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1333–1352, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.107

• of artificial surfaces, such as rough coatings on high-speed trains [12], dimples on golf balls [13], and shark skin denticles on aircrafts [14]. Some micromachines can also benefit from micro- and nanostructures that create roughness on surfaces and influence aerodynamics and heat transfer [15]. The

Nanoarchitectonics with cetrimonium bromide on metal nanoparticles for linker-free detection of toxic metal ions and catalytic degradation of 4-nitrophenol

• Akash Kumar and
• Raja Gopal Rayavarapu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1312–1332, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.106

Interaction of graphene oxide with tannic acid: computational modeling and toxicity mitigation in C. elegans

• Romana Petry,
• James M. de Almeida,
• Francine Côa,
• Felipe Crasto de Lima,
• Diego Stéfani T. Martinez and
• Adalberto Fazzio

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1297–1311, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.105

• , we calculated the charge transfer of the system using Bader charge analysis, which was 0.1e− from GO to TA. The low value of charge transfer indicates that van der Waals (vdW) interaction forces dominate the binding between GO and TA. This is confirmed by the unfavorable binding energy (i.e

New design of operational MEMS bridges for measurements of properties of FEBID-based nanostructures

• Bartosz Pruchnik,
• Krzysztof Kwoka,
• Ewelina Gacka,
• Dominik Badura,
• Piotr Kunicki,
• Andrzej Sierakowski,
• Paweł Janus,
• Tomasz Piasecki and
• Teodor Gotszalk

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1273–1282, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.103

• the material parameters provided by the “MEMS” library. The geometry of the model was defined by the technological design. Microfabrication artefacts were not taken into account. The model was analysed in the steady-state study. The solid mechanics and heat transfer modules were used together with the

Dual-functionalized architecture enables stable and tumor cell-specific SiO₂NPs in complex biological fluids

• Iris Renata Sousa Ribeiro,
• Raquel Frenedoso da Silva,
• Romênia Ramos Domingues,
• Adriana Franco Paes Leme and
• Mateus Borba Cardoso

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1238–1252, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.100

• proteins in the cell lysate, 20 μg of total protein per sample was mixed with Laemmli buffer with DTT (50 mM) and separated by an SDS-PAGE assay. Proteins were transferred to a nitrocellulose membrane (Bio-Rad transfer system) using transfer buffer (2.5 mM TrisHCl, 20 mM glycine, 0.01% SDS and 20% methanol

Enhanced catalytic reduction through in situ synthesized gold nanoparticles embedded in glucosamine/alginate nanocomposites

• Chi-Hien Dang,
• Le-Kim-Thuy Nguyen,
• Minh-Trong Tran,
• Van-Dung Le,
• Nguyen Minh Ty,
• T. Ngoc Han Pham,
• Hieu Vu-Quang,
• Tran Thi Kim Chi,
• Tran Thi Huong Giang,
• Nguyen Thi Thanh Tu and
• Thanh-Danh Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1227–1237, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.99

• mechanism involves the transfer of electrons from BH4− (the electron donor) to the dye (the electron acceptor) facilitated by the surface of the metal nanoparticles [42][43]. Prior to electron transfer, dye and BH4− are adsorbed onto the catalyst surface, as depicted in Figure 5. Consequently, the

A low-kiloelectronvolt focused ion beam strategy for processing low-thermal-conductance materials with nanoampere currents

• Annalena Wolff,
• Nico Klingner,
• William Thompson,
• Yinghong Zhou,
• Jinying Lin and
• Yin Xiao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1197–1207, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.97

• acceleration voltage) on inducing increases in sample temperature and potential heat damage in thermally low conductive materials such as polymers and biological samples. The ion beam-induced heat for different ion beam currents at low acceleration voltages is calculated using Fourier’s law of heat transfer

• not a large number of recent papers published looking at the underlying physics in the field of focused ion beams. A broader look at current literature on heat transfer induced by particle beams highlights that heat damage is not only problematic for FIB processing, but also presents challenges for

• based on heat transfer and to Monte Carlo or finite element simulations [17][18][19]. Open source programs that assess heat deposition and diffusion are readily available to assess damage in light–tissue interactions [18]. For electron beams, multidimensional models predicting electron beam-induced

Quantum-to-classical modeling of monolayer Ge₂Se₂ and its application in photovoltaic devices

• Anup Shrivastava,
• Shivani Saini,
• Dolly Kumari,
• Sanjai Singh and
• Jost Adam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1153–1169, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.94

• and transfer them to the respective electrode. The thickness of the HTL also influences the device performance significantly. To optimize the HTL thickness for optimal device performance, we assumed a layer thickness of monolayer Ge2Se2, ranging from 1 to 10 nm. Figure 7a depicts the change of the

• carriers (for electrons and holes). To calculate the charge transfer and use it in the solar cell, it is required to know the electron affinity and work function of monolayer Ge2Se2. The electron affinity is calculated as EA = EVac − ELUMO, where EA is the electron affinity, EVac is the vacuum energy level

• using Ge2Se2 as HTL; (a) device setup consisting of stacked layers of FTO–TiO2–CsSn0.5Ge0.5I3–Ge2Se2–Ag; (b) band offset among different PSC layers, demonstrating the ease of charge-transfer from the active layers to the respective transport layers. PSC performance parameters as functions of (a) HTL

Local work function on graphene nanoribbons

• Daniel Rothhardt,
• Amina Kimouche,
• Tillmann Klamroth and
• Regina Hoffmann-Vogel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1125–1131, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.91

• difference (LCPD) between a probe tip and a surface, related to the work function. Here we use this technique to map the LCPD of graphene nanoribbons grown on a Au(111) substrate. The LCPD data shows charge transfer between the graphene nanoribbons and the gold substrate. Our results are corroborated with

• opening a size-dependent energy gap [6][9]. As in graphene, the Fermi level of GNRs is also strongly influenced by charge transfer between the substrate and the GNR [10], again related to differences in the work function. Here, we take the work function as a local property influenced by local charge, that

• electronic properties, a suitable method to study the charge transfer, that is, the local work function, between a GNR and a metal substrate at the atomic scale is needed. In general, as detailed above, the local work function can provide evidence for structural, electronic, and chemical variations at

Direct electron beam writing of silver using a β-diketonate precursor: first insights

• Katja Höflich,
• Krzysztof Maćkosz,
• Chinmai S. Jureddy,
• Aleksei Tsarapkin and
• Ivo Utke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1117–1124, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.90

• or Hhfac, removing most of the ligand elements. A second important factor here could be the thermal energy input from the elevated stage temperature of 60 °C, which increases the mobility of the formed silver atoms and clusters in the carbonaceous matrix. Finally, collisional momentum transfer from

Unveiling the potential of alginate-based nanomaterials in sensing technology and smart delivery applications

• Shakhzodjon Uzokboev,
• Khojimukhammad Akhmadbekov,
• Ra’no Nuritdinova,
• Salah M. Tawfik and
• Yong-Ill Lee

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1077–1104, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.88

• charge on the polymer. It is critical in enabling quick electron transfer between an enzyme and an electrode surface, triggering the enzyme’s catalytic function for rapid biosensing [100]. Environmental sensing applications One key advantage of using nanosensors in environmental sensing is their ability