Modeling and simulation of carbon-nanocomposite-based gas sensors

• Roopa Hegde,
• Punya Prabha V,
• Shipra Upadhyay and
• Krishna S B

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 90–96, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.9

• development of these sensors, it becomes imperative to establish a mathematical model for economically predicting their behavior. The simulation using COMSOL Multiphysics is performed to obtain the surface coverage of the sensor by introducing carbon monoxide gas through a Gaussian pulse feed inlet at

• disciplines, leading to the development of materials with unprecedented properties. Among these materials, carbon nanocomposites have gathered significant attention because of their exceptional electrical, mechanical, and thermal characteristics. These nanocomposites typically consist of carbon-based

• nanomaterials, such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene, and carbon black, embedded within a polymer matrix [1]. The distinctive properties of carbon nanocomposites have positioned them as promising candidates for various applications, particularly in the development of advanced sensors. The small amounts of

Instance maps as an organising concept for complex experimental workflows as demonstrated for (nano)material safety research

• Benjamin Punz,
• Maja Brajnik,
• Joh Dokler,
• Jaleesia D. Amos,
• Litty Johnson,
• Katie Reilly,
• Anastasios G. Papadiamantis,
• Amaia Green Etxabe,
• Lee Walker,
• Diego S. T. Martinez,
• Steffi Friedrichs,
• Klaus M. Weltring,
• Nazende Günday-Türeli,
• Claus Svendsen,
• Christine Ogilvie Hendren,
• Mark R. Wiesner,
• Martin Himly,
• Iseult Lynch and
• Thomas E. Exner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 57–77, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.7

• immunotoxicity assessment using cell lines and primary cellular models, to (v) the use of the instance map approach for the coordination of materials and data flows in complex multipartner collaborative projects and for the demonstration of case studies. Finally, areas for future development of the instance map

• is sufficient as metadata about a nanomaterial’s toxicity study to enable reuse of the resulting data. Notably these standard tests, as developed by the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) are usually quite broad, as they are globally agreed upon. Thus, they allow users some

• chemicals are currently being revised for the use with nanomaterials [26]. Development of the instance map concept The complexity and transformability of nanomaterials also has consequences for the databases used to organise and store nanomaterial characterisation and (eco)toxicity data. Databases needed to

Advanced atomic force microscopy techniques V

• Philipp Rahe,
• Ilko Bald,
• Nadine Hauptmann,
• Regina Hoffmann-Vogel,
• Harry Mönig and
• Michael Reichling

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 54–56, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.6

• cantilever eigenmode, which is particularly relevant when generating the time-periodic potential by optical or electrical pumping. With this development, the authors could present the detection of modulated components that are below the detection limit of other KPFM measurement modes. Da Lisca et al

Theoretical study of the electronic and optical properties of a composite formed by the zeolite NaA and a magnetite cluster

• Joel Antúnez-García,
• Roberto Núñez-González,
• Vitalii Petranovskii,
• H’Linh Hmok,
• Armando Reyes-Serrato,
• Fabian N. Murrieta-Rico,
• Mufei Xiao and
• Jonathan Zamora

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 44–53, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.5

• development of nanotechnology and the emergence of composite zeolite materials have opened up unprecedented opportunities for their application in nanomedicine [47]. The unique properties of magnetic nanoparticles allow them to be used for targeted drug delivery and visualization of internal organs [48

• cluster using DFT calculations and compares them to those in the case where the cluster is embedded within the NaA zeolite. Our work aims to provide insights into the structural and electronic properties of these systems, paving the way for future experimental investigations and the development of novel

A nanocarrier containing carboxylic and histamine groups with dual action: acetylcholine hydrolysis and antidote atropine delivery

• Elina E. Mansurova,
• Andrey A. Maslennikov,
• Anna P. Lyubina,
• Alexandra D. Voloshina,
• Irek R. Nizameev,
• Marsil K. Kadirov,
• Anzhela A. Mikhailova,
• Polina V. Mikshina,
• Albina Y. Ziganshina and
• Igor S. Antipin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 11–24, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.2

• of acetylcholine lead to serious disturbances in the functioning of the nervous system, including death. The need for rapid administration of an antidote to restore esterase activity is critical, but practical implementation of this is often difficult. One promising solution may be the development of

• diverse receptors and sensors, notably for ACh [23][24][25][26][27]. Here, we report the development of a new nanocarrier that can both carry Atr and act as a synthetic esterase to degrade excess ACh. The nanocarrier was synthesized via microemulsion polycondensation of phenylboronic acid with

• . Results and Discussion Synthesis of the nanocarrier p(Hist-CA) For the development of the Atr nanocarrier, two resorcinarenes were selected, namely, one with carboxylate groups (CA-RA, Scheme 1) and the other with hydroxy and imidazole groups (Hist-RA, Scheme 1). CA-RA was obtained according to [29]. Hist

Mechanistic insights into endosomal escape by sodium oleate-modified liposomes

• Ebrahim Sadaqa,
• Satrialdi,
• Fransiska Kurniawan and
• Diky Mudhakir

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1667–1685, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.131

• limitations of current endosomal escape strategies, innovative approaches are urgently needed. Unraveling the mechanisms underpinning endosomal escape is pivotal for the development of novel, safe, and effective agents capable of overcoming these formidable barriers. Recent studies have highlighted the

• escape efficacy of SO with Aurein 1.2 (AUR), a well-established endosomal escape peptide known for its efficacy both in vitro and in vivo, serving as a positive control [12]. Our findings have the potential to significantly advance the development of safer and more effective liposomal drug delivery

• residues in endosomal environments. This protonation significantly enhances peptide–membrane interactions, suggesting a pathway for designing safer, more effective endosomal escape peptides. These insights not only expand our understanding of endosomal escape but also open avenues for the development of

Attempts to preserve and visualize protein corona on the surface of biological nanoparticles in blood serum using photomodification

• Julia E. Poletaeva,
• Anastasiya V. Tupitsyna,
• Alina E. Grigor’eva,
• Ilya S. Dovydenko and
• Elena I. Ryabchikova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1654–1666, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.130

• photomodified samples. Apparently, a number of bio-NPs have surface properties that prevent PACL from binding to them. Given the huge variety of bio-NPs with different surface structures, this fact is not surprising, but it deserves attention. In further development of the photomodification method, it will

Heterogeneous reactions in a HFCVD reactor: simulation using a 2D model

• Xochitl Aleyda Morán Martínez,
• José Alberto Luna López,
• Zaira Jocelyn Hernández Simón,
• Gabriel Omar Mendoza Conde,
• José Álvaro David Hernández de Luz and
• Godofredo García Salgado

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1627–1638, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.128

• ; chemical reactions; flow dynamics; HFCVD; hot filament chemical vapor deposition; SiOx films; Introduction The growth of materials such as non-stoichiometric silicon oxide (SiOx) is an important step in semiconductor devices development. Control of deposition parameters determines the success of the

Biomimetic nanocarriers: integrating natural functions for advanced therapeutic applications

• Hugo Felix Perini,
• Beatriz Sodré Matos,
• Carlo José Freire de Oliveira and
• Marcos Vinicius da Silva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1619–1626, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.127

• therapeutical characteristics as demonstrated in Figure 1-1. In the field of drug delivery, properties such as size, surface-to-volume ratio, and biocompatibility have driven the development of nanoscale-based devices [6][7][8][9]. Nanocompounds offer a strategic approach to addressing or at least improving the

• , leukocytes, stem cells, tumor components) or other biocomponents (e.g., platelets), can enhance the functionality of carriers and meet the requirements for human applications [19]. The cellular membranes of cancer cells exhibit adhesion molecules crucial to cancer development and metastasis. Heterotypic or

Natural nanofibers embedded in the seed mucilage envelope: composite hydrogels with specific adhesive and frictional properties

• Agnieszka Kreitschitz and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1603–1618, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.126

• diverse plant organs, such as seeds, fruits, flowers, and leaves, and are involved in the defence of the plant against herbivore animals, fungi, and viruses [112][113]. Phenolic compounds are very abundant substances in seeds, playing an important role in their development and maturation. They are

Liver-targeting iron oxide nanoparticles and their complexes with plant extracts for biocompatibility

• Shushanik A. Kazaryan,
• Seda A. Oganian,
• Gayane S. Vardanyan,
• Anatolie S. Sidorenko and
• Ashkhen A. Hovhannisyan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1593–1602, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.125

• , biochemistry, biophysics, and other disciplines within biology and medicine [1][2][3][4][5]. The development of nanotechnology has provided resources for various applications in the medical field, leading to significant advances in diagnosis, biological detection, therapy, and drug delivery [6][7][8][9]. An

• and toxicity effects; as of May 2024, the website clinicaltrials.gov listed data on the development of 51 clinical protocols involving iron oxides NPs [25][26][27]. Surface chemistry and delivery route of MNPs affect their biodistribution patterns and circulation time in the body [28]. It is known

• the overall therapeutic and/or prophylactic effect. Therefore, the combined use of biocompatible NPs and medicinal plant extracts makes it potentially possible to achieve breakthroughs regarding new approaches to the treatment and prevention of diseases. The development of such complexes is a relevant

Facile synthesis of size-tunable L-carnosine-capped silver nanoparticles and their role in metal ion sensing and catalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol

• Akash Kumar,
• Ridhima Chadha,
• Abhishek Das,
• Nandita Maiti and
• Rayavarapu Raja Gopal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1576–1592, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.124

• with various contaminants. Keywords: catalysis; heavy metals; ʟ-carnosine; p-nitrophenol; silver nanoparticles; Introduction The persistent rise in environmental pollution, notably from heavy metal ions and organic pollutants, has propelled the development of innovative and efficient environmental

• nanotechnology have ushered in the development of nanoparticle-based systems that offer promising alternatives because of their simplicity, cost-effectiveness, and potential for real-time applications. Plasmonic nanoparticles, such as silver, have been widely explored for their unique plasmonic and catalytic

• detection and development of a sensing probe, quantification of the detection limit for Cd2+ and Pb2+ using ʟ-car-AgNP1 was carried out, and LOD and LOQ were calculated. In Figure 7c and Figure 7e, only a single metal (i.e., Cd2+ or Pb2+) was added to ʟ-car-AgNP1, and the changes as functions of the metal

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles derived from algae and their larvicidal properties to control Aedes aegypti

• Matheus Alves Siqueira de Assunção,
• Douglas Dourado,
• Daiane Rodrigues dos Santos,
• Gabriel Bezerra Faierstein,
• Mara Elga Medeiros Braga,
• Severino Alves Junior,
• Rosângela Maria Rodrigues Barbosa,
• Herminio José Cipriano de Sousa and
• Fábio Rocha Formiga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1566–1575, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.123

• cost and sustainable biosynthesis. In the perspective of using AgNPs in the development of novel insecticides for vector control, this review deals with the eco-friendly synthesis of AgNPs through seaweed extracts as reducing and stabilizing agents. In addition, assessment of toxicity of these

• generally preferred in vector control because of a less deleterious effect on non-target organisms and their inherent biodegradability. The development of sustainable pest control tools is a challenge for researchers and public health authorities [20]. Seaweed extracts are composed of bioactive agents such

• reducing agent [34]. In this way, the green synthesis of nanoparticles has expanded in nanoscience and nanotechnology [35]. Synthesis of silver nanoparticles using algae Green nanoparticle synthesis is the design and development of strategies for the production of nanoparticles to reduce the use or

Ultrablack color in velvet ant cuticle

• Vinicius Marques Lopez,
• Wencke Krings,
• Juliana Reis Machado,
• Stanislav Gorb and
• Rhainer Guillermo-Ferreira

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1554–1565, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.122

• examples observed in some organisms, scientists are committed to unraveling the mechanisms underlying the development of ultrablack technical surfaces, seeking to replicate such structures in synthetic and natural materials with equivalent properties [3][4][5][6][7][8]. Ultrablack colors are a rare

• development of these ultrablack surfaces, with the goal of replicating such structures in synthetic materials possessing analogous properties [3][5][6][15]. In conclusion, the study of ultrablack coloration in animals, such as T. bifurca, reveals the intricate interplay between structural microfeatures and

• Council for Scientific and Technological Development - CNPq (proc.142299/2020-0) and Minas Gerais State Research Support Foundation - FAPEMIG (proc. APQ-05401-23). RGF thanks CNPq (Proc. 312847/2022-0) for a productivity grant. We thank the Public Prosecutor's Office of Minas Gerais (MPMG, through the

The round-robin approach applied to nanoinformatics: consensus prediction of nanomaterials zeta potential

• Dimitra-Danai Varsou,
• Arkaprava Banerjee,
• Joyita Roy,
• Kunal Roy,
• Giannis Savvas,
• Haralambos Sarimveis,
• Ewelina Wyrzykowska,
• Mateusz Balicki,
• Tomasz Puzyn,
• Georgia Melagraki,
• Iseult Lynch and
• Antreas Afantitis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1536–1553, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.121

• NMs’ properties when small datasets are available [4][5][6]. These in silico methodologies can be used in the early steps of the “safe-and-sustainable by design” framework and in the development of novel NMs to filter out unpromising candidates and prioritize NMs with desired properties. The rational

• of nanoinformatics, various consensus approaches have been proposed over the past years for the prediction of different NM endpoints, such as NMs’ cellular uptake [20], zeta potential (ZP) [16], and electrophoretic mobility [21]. The complexity of predictive models requires the development of

• sought that nanoinformatics models comply with a set of predefined criteria, often supplemented by statistical methods recommended by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) [22] and the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) [23]. In addition, there is a growing effort from various

Electrochemical nanostructured CuBTC/FeBTC MOF composite sensor for enrofloxacin detection

• Thi Kim Ngan Nguyen,
• Tien Dat Doan,
• Huy Hieu Luu,
• Hoang Anh Nguyen,
• Thi Thu Ha Vu,
• Quang Hai Tran,
• Ha Tran Nguyen,
• Thanh Binh Dang,
• Thi Hai Yen Pham and
• Mai Ha Hoang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1522–1535, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.120

• Polymer and Composite Materials, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology, Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, 70000, Vietnam Center for High Technology Research and Development, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Street, Cau Giay District, Ha Noi, Vietnam 10.3762

Integrating high-performance computing, machine learning, data management workflows, and infrastructures for multiscale simulations and nanomaterials technologies

• Fabio Le Piane,
• Mario Vozza,
• Matteo Baldoni and
• Francesco Mercuri

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1498–1521, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.119

• across a diverse range of tools. The paper explores the distinctive features of digital and data-centric approaches and technologies for materials development. It highlights the role of digital twins in research, particularly in the realm of nanomaterials development and examines the impact of knowledge

• engineering in establishing data and information standards to facilitate interoperability. Furthermore, the paper explores the role of deployment technologies in managing HPC infrastructures. It also addresses the pairing of these technologies with user-friendly development tools to support the adoption of

• efficiency of materials research. The integration of digital technologies into materials science has, thus, opened up exciting new possibilities for materials design, discovery, and innovation [14]. New, fully digitalized research directions for materials development are therefore emerging at the convergence

Polymer lipid hybrid nanoparticles for phytochemical delivery: challenges, progress, and future prospects

• Iqra Rahat,
• Pooja Yadav,
• Aditi Singhal,
• Mohammad Fareed,
• Jaganathan Raja Purushothaman,
• Mohammed Aslam,
• Raju Balaji,
• Sonali Patil-Shinde and
• Md. Rizwanullah

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1473–1497, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.118

• , rapid metabolism, and instability under physiological conditions [9][10][11]. These challenges necessitate the development of advanced delivery systems to harness the full potential of phytochemicals in therapeutic applications. Polymer lipid hybrid nanoparticles (PLHNPs) represent an innovative class

• therapeutic efficacy [44]. The development of PLHNPs for phytochemical delivery holds significant promise across various biomedical applications. PLHNPs can be utilized in cancer therapy, cardiovascular disease management, neurodegenerative disorder treatment, and other areas of medicine where phytochemicals

• within the hybrid system. During the development of LPHNPs, different physicochemical characteristics such as size, loading capacity, charge, solubility, release, and colloidal stability can be modulated by modification in the polymer/lipid ratio [45][46][47]. Monolithic PLHNPs Monolithic PLHNPs are the

Lithium niobate on insulator: an emerging nanophotonic crystal for optimized light control

• Midhun Murali,
• Amit Banerjee and
• Tanmoy Basu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1415–1426, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.114

• Bragg reflectors can be miniaturized onto photonic chips, facilitating the development of integrated and scalable classical and quantum circuits, and they can be fabricated from various materials, allowing for integration with different platforms and functionalities within quantum information processing

• (QIP) systems. Despite the challenges such as fabrication complexity [6] and loss mitigation scalability to complex circuits [7], the potential benefits of DBRs for QIP applications continue to drive research and development in this field [8]. As fabrication techniques and material systems develop

• ]. However, a major challenge in their development is maximizing the light that escapes the micro-LED. By incorporating a DBR onto the bottom of a flip-chip micro-LED, engineers can capture light that would normally be lost downward and redirect it upwards, significantly improving the overall light output

Nanotechnological approaches for efficient N2B delivery: from small-molecule drugs to biopharmaceuticals

• Selin Akpinar Adscheid,
• Akif E. Türeli,
• Nazende Günday-Türeli and
• Marc Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1400–1414, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.113

• the last decade and has become more attractive, especially with the COVID-19 pandemic vaccine development research [36]. The anatomy of the nose allows for noninvasive administration and plays a critical role in intranasal delivery [37]. The nasal cavity has a highly vascularized anatomy and offers a

• availability, SLNs and NLCs have been previously studied for delivery through the BBB [104][105]. SLNs and NLCs were also in focus for the development of intranasal formulations. For instance, rotigotine, a drug with low oral bioavailability, was loaded in SLNs to be tested against Parkinson’s disease. The

• an even higher drug concentration compared to previously presented differences in drug bioavailability in the brain after intravenous and intranasal administration using NLCs by Patel et al. and Zafar and colleagues. This could be attributed to the formulation development and the small globule size

Various CVD-grown ZnO nanostructures for nanodevices and interdisciplinary applications

• The-Long Phan,
• Le Viet Cuong,
• Vu Dinh Lam and
• Ngoc Toan Dang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1390–1399, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.112

• Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam Faculty of Environmental and Natural Sciences, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam 10.3762/bjnano.15.112 Abstract This work presents a simple chemical vapour deposition (CVD) method to grow ZnO nanostructures. By

• results prove that ZnO exhibits many novel nanostructures that can foster the development of next-generation optoelectronic nanodevices and new applications in biological and biomedical fields. Keywords: chemical vapour deposition; electron microscopy; Raman and photoluminescent spectra; ZnO

• ordering can also be established in ZnO lattices upon doping with transition-metal and/or rare-earth elements (known as magnetic semiconductors, DMSs). This is expected to enable the development of next-generation spintronic devices [14] applicable to quantum and neuromorphic computing for artificial

A biomimetic approach towards a universal slippery liquid infused surface coating

• Ryan A. Faase,
• Madeleine H. Hummel,
• AnneMarie V. Hasbrook,
• Andrew P. Carpenter and
• Joe E. Baio

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1376–1389, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.111

• immediately prior to use. Contact angle measurements during the development of SLIPS coatings. Plot of the static water contact angles for each layer of the coating across the three substrates. Black squares represent COC, yellow circles show Si, and green triangles denote SS. Points are reported as the mean

Green synthesis of carbon dot structures from Rheum Ribes and Schottky diode fabrication

• Muhammed Taha Durmus and
• Ebru Bozkurt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1369–1375, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.110

• are quite limited in the literature, which shows the importance of conducting this study. Hence, this study is to discuss the usability of CDs in a diode structure and does not focus on the development of device parameters in the literature. The results obtained from this study are important in terms

Investigation of Hf/Ti bilayers for the development of transition-edge sensor microcalorimeters

• Victoria Y. Safonova,
• Anna V. Gordeeva,
• Anton V. Blagodatkin,
• Dmitry A. Pimanov,
• Anton A. Yablokov and
• Andrey L. Pankratov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1353–1361, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.108

• of Hf is lower than that of Ti, another widely used TES material. This means that the same amount of energy will give a higher temperature change in hafnium than in titanium-based TES. The listed points make hafnium a promising material for TES development. In this work, Hf/Ti bilayer bridges of

• compared to the full-size films. This is because at the edges of the structure, the film thickness may differ from that at the center. Smooth edges are also necessary for good contact with subsequent layers. For this reason, special attention is paid to the development of technology for creating structures

• would lead to an even larger increase of δE with volume. Conclusion Bridges made of bilayers of hafnium with a thin top layer of titanium were fabricated and measured. The formation of such bridges by a photolithographic lift-off process is the next step in the development of TES microcalorimeters after

Hymenoptera and biomimetic surfaces: insights and innovations

• Vinicius Marques Lopez,
• Carlo Polidori and
• Rhainer Guillermo Ferreira

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1333–1352, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.107

• of some species reduce friction and wear, inspiring the development of low-friction materials and coatings. By mimicking these natural textures, it is possible to create synthetic materials that exhibit similar friction-reducing properties, leading to significant advancements in mechanical efficiency

• modulus [61]. Understanding the mechanical properties and composition of leafcutter ant mandibles could offer valuable insights into biomimetic design principles, potentially inspiring the development of innovative tools and instruments with enhanced performance and adaptability for various applications

• sizes using different regions of the mandible [70]. This ingenious natural design could inspire the development of multifunctional robotic grippers, offering improved stability and adaptability in handling diverse objects [70]. The specialized mandibular morphology and task-specific bite mechanics