A visible-light-driven composite photocatalyst of TiO₂ nanotube arrays and graphene quantum dots

• Donald K. L. Chan,
• Po Ling Cheung and
• Jimmy C. Yu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 689–695, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.81

• ), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and UV–vis absorption spectroscopy. The product exhibited high photocatalytic performance in the photodegradation of methylene blue and enhanced photocurrent under visible

• ). Thermogravimetric analysis was performed in air using a thermogravimetric analyzer (Perkin Elmer, TGA 6). The samples were heated from 50 °C to 800 °C at a rate of 10 °C·min−1. Photocatalytic activity measurements: The photocatalytic activities of catalysts were evaluated by measuring the photodegradation of

• light irradiation. Photocurrent responses of (a) TNAs and (b) GQDs/TNAs under visible-light irradiation. The potential bias was 0.417 V. Reaction scheme for the loading of GQDs onto TNAs via covalent bonding. Supporting Information Supporting information features FTIR spectra, TGA profiles of the

Artificial sunlight and ultraviolet light induced photo-epoxidation of propylene over V-Ti/MCM-41 photocatalyst

• Van-Huy Nguyen,
• Shawn D. Lin,
• Jeffrey Chi-Sheng Wu and
• Hsunling Bai

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 566–576, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.67

• condensation of AA molecules may lead to larger and heavier species such as hexa-2,4-dienal and 3-methylpentanedial [40]. The TGA weight loss curves of the spent and the fresh V-Ti/MCM-41 are compared in Figure 10. The weight loss below 400 K is attributed to the removal of adsorbed water while that above 400

• performed with a JEOL JEM-2100 instrument operating at 200 kV. Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA, PYRIS Diamond TG-DTA, high temperature 115V) was carried out in the range of 300–773 K. About 30 mg samples were placed in an alumina sample holder and heated under air (20 mL·min−1) with a heating rate of 3

• arc lamp and (b) a xenon lamp (see Table 2). Lines are presented for guiding and are not based on a kinetic model. The TGA weight loss curves V-Ti/MCM-41 photocatalyst using O2 as the sweep gas: (a) fresh catalyst and (b) catalyst deactivated by the photo-epoxidation of propylene. Overview of the

Chemi- vs physisorption in the radical functionalization of single-walled carbon nanotubes under microwaves

• Victor Mamane,
• Guillaume Mercier,
• Junidah Abdul Shukor,
• Jérôme Gleize,
• Aziz Azizan,
• Yves Fort and
• Brigitte Vigolo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 537–545, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.63

• microwave-assisted diazonium chemistry [31][32], chlorophenyl groups were grafted at the CNT surface and the functionalization level was followed by thermogravimetric analysis coupled with mass spectrometry (TGA–MS) (Scheme 1). The present work highlights the importance of controlling the reaction times

• min, 10 min and 15 min (Scheme 1). After treatment, the obtained functionalized samples (f-SWNT-5min, f-SWNT-10min and f-SWNT-15min) were analyzed by dispersion tests, high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), Raman spectroscopy, and TGA–MS. Figure 1 shows photographs of the

• a weight loss of 10.1 and 10.7 wt % centered at 380 and 360 °C as the reaction time is increased from 5 to 10 min. The difference between the two samples is a marginal loss (about 1.0 wt %) between 100 and 200 °C only visible for f-SWNT-10min. The TGA profile of f-SWNT-15min is different from the

One-step synthesis of high quality kesterite Cu₂ZnSnS₄ nanocrystals – a hydrothermal approach

• Vincent Tiing Tiong,
• John Bell and
• Hongxia Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 438–446, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.51

• synthesis of pure kesterite-phase Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) nanocrystals with a uniform size distribution by a one-step, thioglycolic acid (TGA)-assisted hydrothermal route. The formation mechanism and the role of TGA in the formation of CZTS compound were thoroughly studied. It has been found that TGA interacted

• procedure. Through thoroughly investigating the factors that influence the morphology, crystal size, and growth of CZTS nanocrystals, a mechanism that depicts the formation process of CZTS compound is proposed. It is found that the tiny amount of thioglycolic acid (TGA) used in the precursor is crucial for

• the formation of pure kesterite CZTS nanocrystals. The roles of TGA in the hydrothermal synthesis are discussed. Experimental Materials: All the materials were provided by Sigma Aldrich unless otherwise stated. Chemicals of copper(II) chloride dehydrate (CuCl2·2H2O), zinc chloride (ZnCl2) product of

Thermal stability and reduction of iron oxide nanowires at moderate temperatures

• Annalisa Paolone,
• Marco Angelucci,
• Stefania Panero,
• Maria Grazia Betti and
• Carlo Mariani

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 323–328, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.36

• (above 440 K). Experimental Thermogravimetry (TGA) measurements were performed by means of a Setaram Setsys Evolution 1200 apparatus, equipped with a mass spectrometer Pfeiffer Vacuum Quadstar QMS200. To identify all possible gaseous products, survey scans in the mass range between 1 and 100 amu were

• recorded. The TGA measurements were performed by heating in vacuum (approx. 10−4 mbar) at 0.5 K/min. Infrared spectra were collected by means of an Agilent Cary 660 spectrometer with a resolution of 1 cm−1 in the frequency range between 430 and 1100 cm−1. The spectra were the mean of at least 100 scans for

• solution, deposited onto Si and Cu substrates, and dried in vacuum before analysis. Results and Discussion TGA measurements were performed both on the as-produced nanowire sample (sample 1) and on a nanowire specimen heated in vacuum (p < 10−4 mbar) for 24 h at 350 K (sample 2), in order to clean the

En route to controlled catalytic CVD synthesis of densely packed and vertically aligned nitrogen-doped carbon nanotube arrays

• Slawomir Boncel,
• Sebastian W. Pattinson,
• Valérie Geiser,
• Milo S. P. Shaffer and
• Krzysztof K. K. Koziol

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 219–233, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.24

• the growth rate of nanotube arrays. The linear fit function passes through the point of origin, which suggests a short time of nucleation. Thermal stability. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that all N-CNTs (for the sake of clarity, only Synthesis V and VII are presented here) were less

• = 514.5 nm) was used in all cases. FT-IR analyses were performed by using a Perkin Elmer spectrometer in the range from 0.44 eV (2778 nm, 3600 cm−1) to 0.1 eV (12500 nm, 800 cm−1) from KBr pellets. TGA analyses were carried out in air at a heating rate of 10 °C·min−1 by using a TGA Q500. XRD studies were

• : top – ‘bamboo’-like (Synthesis VII) and bottom – ‘membrane’-like (Synthesis VIII); and (B) graphical representations thereof. The height of the N-CNTs array vs time of growth. Overlaid TGA curves recorded in air for N-CNTs (Synthesis V and VII) and MWCNTs (Ref. Synthesis). FT-IR spectra of CNTs and N

Controlled synthesis and tunable properties of ultrathin silica nanotubes through spontaneous polycondensation on polyamine fibrils

• Jian-Jun Yuan,
• Pei-Xin Zhu,
• Daisuke Noda and
• Ren-Hua Jin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 793–804, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.90

• inner hollow that would be in favor of generating geometrically stable photoactive sites, and the other one is the existence of trace carbon in the silica nanotubes (less than 0.9 wt % estimated by TGA) which would be doped into the silica frame to compose the photoactive sites. Probably, these two

• stirring for 1 h at room temperature. Phosphorescence emission spectra (λEx = 320 nm) of silica nanotubes and nanoribbons that were synthesized by calcining the corresponding LPEI@silica hybrid nanotubes (Figure 1A–C) and nanoribbons (Figure 1D–F) under N2 atmosphere at 1000 °C. TGA (A) and Raman spectra

• formed by the alkali-induced self-assembly of LPEI. Summary of the molar ratios of [OH]/[EI] for the synthesis of the LPEI templates, the TGA analysis of the composition of LPEI@silica hybrid nanostructures and BET data of the silica nanostructures obtained by calcination of LPEI@silica hybrid at 800 °C

Electrospinning preparation and electrical and biological properties of ferrocene/poly(vinylpyrrolidone) composite nanofibers

• Ji-Hong Chai and
• Qing-Sheng Wu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 189–197, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.19

• could be controlled through adjusting solvents and Fc concentration. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that the diameters of the obtained composite fibers were about 30–200 nm at different Fc concentrations. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) results confirmed the presence of ferrocene within the

• Fc in the PVP polymer is in the amorphous form with a poor degree of crystallization. The degradation process of products was investigated using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) from 20 to 600 °C in nitrogen gas. Figure 3a represents the TG curve of the pure Fc. It was found that the TGA data of Fc

• were determined with an X-ray diffractometer with Cu Kα radiation (k = 0.15405 nm, 40 kV, 100 mA) over the 2-theta angle range of 10–70 °C with a scanning rate of 10 °C/min. The TGA data was obtained by a DSC-STA 449C Jupiter thermal analysis instrument. About 4 mg sample in an aluminium pan was heated

A facile approach to nanoarchitectured three-dimensional graphene-based Li–Mn–O composite as high-power cathodes for Li-ion batteries

• Wenyu Zhang,
• Yi Zeng,
• Chen Xu,
• Ni Xiao,
• Yiben Gao,
• Lain-Jong Li,
• Xiaodong Chen,
• Huey Hoon Hng and
• Qingyu Yan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 513–523, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.59

• precursors. The thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) results (see Supporting Information File 1, Figure S2a) show that the IMO:G are 0.82, 1.34 and 2.57 for samples prepared with MnSO4 molar concentrations of 0.15, 0.3 and 0.6 M, respectively. For Mn2O3/graphene samples with higher IMO:G values, the shape of

• diffraction peaks using Scherrer’s equation. This grain size is much smaller than that of Mn2O3, which is possibly due to a recrystallization process. No impurity phase is detectable using XRD. After the lithiation process, the TGA results (see Supporting Information File 1, Figure S2b) indicate that the

• JEOL JEM-2100 operating at 200 kV. Raman spectra were obtained on a WITec CRM 200 with a wavelength of 488 nm and a spot size of 0.5 mm. Thermogravimetry analyses were carried out on TGA Q500 from 298–1073 K at a heating rate of 10 K·min−1 in air. The analyses of Li/Mn ratio was performed on

Surface functionalization of aluminosilicate nanotubes with organic molecules

• Wei Ma,
• Weng On Yah,
• Hideyuki Otsuka and
• Atsushi Takahara

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 82–100, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.10

• thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) [40]. The subsequent ARGET ATRP was carried out by using ascorbic acid (AA) as the reducing agent and anisole as the solvent. Ascorbic acid is insoluble in anisole, hence, the reduction of the Cu(II) complex takes place at the surface of solid ascorbic acid. The slow reaction rate

Template-assisted formation of microsized nanocrystalline CeO₂ tubes and their catalytic performance in the carboxylation of methanol

• Jörg J. Schneider,
• Meike Naumann,
• Christian Schäfer,
• Armin Brandner,
• Heiko J. Hofmann and
• Peter Claus

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 776–784, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.86

• spectroscopy (PL), as well as thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Its catalytic performance was studied in the direct carboxylation of methanol with carbon dioxide leading to dimethyl carbonate [(CH3O)2CO, DMC], which is widely employed as a phosgene and dimethyl sulfate substitute, and as well as a fuel

• Kα1) instruments. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was performed on a Netzsch TG 209 F1 instrument coupled with a QMS 403 C mass spectrometer. For BET measurements a NOVA 3000e (Quantachrome) was used. For PLE measurements, Horiba, Fluorog-3 (Xe, excitation wavelength 325 nm) was used. For UV–vis

• nanostructured ceria (obtained with addition of Pluronic P123® to the sol). TGA measurements of bare PMMA fibres (PMMA, solid line), a PMMA/sol without Pluronic P123® (PMMA/sol, dashed-dotted line) and a PMMA/sol containing Pluronic P123® (PMMA/sol + P123, dotted line). PL spectrum of microsized ceria tubes

Investigation on structural, thermal, optical and sensing properties of meta-stable hexagonal MoO₃ nanocrystals of one dimensional structure

• Angamuthuraj Chithambararaj and
• Arumugam Chandra Bose

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 585–592, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.62

• crystallite size and one dimensional growth. Usually, the α-MoO3 is a stable structure formed at a higher temperature relative to the metastable h-MoO3. Thus, there is a phase transformation from h-MoO3 to α-MoO3 at 400 °C, which is inferred from TGA/DTA studies [14][16]. With an increase in temperature, the

• coordinated water and ammonia molecules from the internal structure of the MoO3 material, which promotes an irreversible phase transformation from the hexagonal to the orthorhombic structure [14][16]. The powder subjected to TGA measurements was subjected to XRD analysis, and the result confirmed that above

Towards multiple readout application of plasmonic arrays

• Dana Cialla,
• Karina Weber,
• René Böhme,
• Uwe Hübner,
• Henrik Schneidewind,
• Matthias Zeisberger,
• Roland Mattheis,
• Robert Möller and
• Jürgen Popp

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 501–508, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.54

• sequence NS151: amino-link-5'-TTT TTT CAG CAT GGG CTC CTT GAT TCT ATG-3'; three mismatch sequence NS153: amino-link-5'-TTT TTT CAG CAT TAT CTC CTT GAT TCT ATG-3'; negative control N7 5'-ACT GAC TGA CTG ACT GAC TGA CTG GGC GGC GAC CT-3'-amino-link) was prepared as a 1 µM solution in 5× phosphate buffered

Dynamics of capillary infiltration of liquids into a highly aligned multi-walled carbon nanotube film

• Sławomir Boncel,
• Krzysztof Z. Walczak and
• Krzysztof K. K. Koziol

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 311–317, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.36

• without further treatment. The nanotube density in the HACNT film was measured using ImageJ® on an SEM image (sample with 100 nanotubes). The average diameters of MWCNTs were measured on TEM images of 100 nanotubes. Free volume of the HACNT film was measured via TGA experiment performed on a completely

Studies towards synthesis, evolution and alignment characteristics of dense, millimeter long multiwalled carbon nanotube arrays

• Pitamber Mahanandia,
• Jörg J. Schneider,
• Martin Engel,
• Bernd Stühn,
• Somanahalli V. Subramanyam and
• Karuna Kar Nanda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 293–301, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.34

• -graphitic carbon) in the samples prepared at 1100 °C. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) measurements were carried out for the synthesized CNT material grown at 650 and 1100 °C in a dry air atmosphere with a heating rate of 10 °C/min and show the typical temperature behavior of high quality CNTs (Figure 8b

• microscopy TEM, AFM, EDS, TGA and Raman spectroscopy. SEM images of aligned CNTs prepared at different temperatures (a) 650 °C, (b) 750 °C, (c) 850 °C, (d) 950 °C, (e) 1050 °C, and (f) 1100 °C. (a) SEM image of aligned CNTs on a quartz substrate. (b) SEM image of an isolated mat collected from the inner wall

• °C. (a) Raman spectra and (b) TGA curves of aligned CNTs prepared at 650 and 1100 °C.

Pore structure and surface area of silica SBA-15: influence of washing and scale-up

• Jörg P. Thielemann,
• Frank Girgsdies,
• Robert Schlögl and
• Christian Hess

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 110–118, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.13

• more effective in removing the template from the SBA-15 framework, although the Pluronic 123 cannot be removed completely from the SBA-15 by washing, as shown by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) [22]. Also the more effective template removal by ethanol is connected with shrinkage of the SBA-15