Raman spectroscopy as a tool to investigate the structure and electronic properties of carbon-atom wires

• Alberto Milani,
• Matteo Tommasini,
• Valeria Russo,
• Andrea Li Bassi,
• Andrea Lucotti,
• Franco Cataldo and
• Carlo S. Casari

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 480–491, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.49

• described in detail in [64]. When the discharge is operated in methanol it is possible to obtain polyynes with an even number of carbon atoms (6 ≤ C ≤ 16) terminated by one hydrogen atom on each side. The size distribution obtained from HPLC complemented with UV–vis spectroscopy is reported in Figure 4

Release behaviour and toxicity evaluation of levodopa from carboxylated single-walled carbon nanotubes

• Julia M. Tan,
• Jhi Biau Foo,
• Sharida Fakurazi and
• Mohd Zobir Hussein

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 243–253, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.23

• materials characterization methods including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, elemental analysis, UV–vis spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that SWCNT–COOH were able to form supramolecular complexes with LD via a π–π stacking interaction and

• ≈38.2% as determined by UV–vis spectroscopy. Fourier transform infrared spectra indicated that the LD was successfully conjugated to SWCNT–COOH, and this was further supported by both the CHNS elemental analysis and Raman spectroscopy study. The drug release study shows that the release of LD from SWCNT

• allowed to cool to room temperature for another 30 min. This ensured that the LD was fully dissolved in deionized water. After that, the solution was scanned in range of 200–600 nm to determine the maximum absorption wavelength, λmax, of LD (as referenced to a blank reagent) by UV–vis spectroscopy. The

Mechanical properties of MDCK II cells exposed to gold nanorods

• Anna Pietuch,
• Bastian Rouven Brückner,
• David Schneider,
• Marco Tarantola,
• Christina Rosman,
• Carsten Sönnichsen and
• Andreas Janshoff

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 223–231, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.21

• of gold nanorods were obtained from UV–vis spectroscopy using their optical extinction value at 400 nm and a molar extinction coefficient of 1.1 × 109 Lmol−1cm−1 assuming the aforementioned particle size found by TEM. In order to replace the CTAB, functionalized polyethylene glycol thiols (X-PEG-SH

Increasing throughput of AFM-based single cell adhesion measurements through multisubstrate surfaces

• Miao Yu,
• Nico Strohmeyer,
• Jinghe Wang,
• Daniel J. Müller and
• Jonne Helenius

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 157–166, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.15

• replaced after characterizing 4 cells on each coating. If a cell showed morphological changes during the experiments, it was discarded. Adhesion forces were extracted from force–distance curves using JPK data processing software. Fluorescence microscopy and UV–vis spectroscopy Fluorescence microscopy was

Synthesis of boron nitride nanotubes and their applications

• Saban Kalay,
• Zehra Yilmaz,
• Ozlem Sen,
• Melis Emanet,
• Emine Kazanc and
• Mustafa Çulha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 84–102, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.9

• normal MRC-5 fibroblast lung cells were investigated [76]. The hemolytic activity of the pure BNNTs was investigated by UV–vis spectroscopy and the results showed no significant hemolysis of cells that were exposed to the BNNTs. The metabolic activity of the BNNT-exposed cells using an MTT assay was

Synthesis and characterization of fluorescence-labelled silica core-shell and noble metal-decorated ceria nanoparticles

• Rudolf Herrmann,
• Markus Rennhak and
• Armin Reller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2413–2423, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.251

• the amount of dye molecules at the surface is sufficiently high to be detectable by UV–vis spectroscopy, one can in principle use absorption for photometric determination. The problem with this approach is the strong light scattering by the NP which overlays the absorption. We therefore developed a

Inorganic Janus particles for biomedical applications

• Isabel Schick,
• Steffen Lorenz,
• Dominik Gehrig,
• Stefan Tenzer,
• Wiebke Storck,
• Karl Fischer,
• Dennis Strand,
• Frédéric Laquai and
• Wolfgang Tremel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2346–2362, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.244

• oxide domains of the heterodimer nanoparticles were adjusted by a precise control of the precursor ratio, the number of seed particles, and the heating profile. Optical characteristics of Au@MOx Janus particles Figure 10 shows the dependence of the absorption maximum measured by UV–vis spectroscopy from

• size dependency of absorption maximum of Au@MnO nanoparticles determined by UV–vis spectroscopy in comparison to pristine Au nanoparticles. UV–vis spectra of Au (solid), Au@MnO (dashed), and Au@Fe3O4 (dotted) nanoparticles normalized to the absorption at 800 nm. Schematic representation of the

Influence of stabilising agents and pH on the size of SnO₂ nanoparticles

• Olga Rac,
• Patrycja Suchorska-Woźniak,
• Marta Fiedot and
• Helena Teterycz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2192–2201, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.228

• concentration was changed, while the amount of other components was held constant. Characterisation of SnO2 nanoparticles UV–vis spectroscopy: Spectroscopic studies were performed using an Evolution 201 UV–vis spectrophotometer from Thermo Scientific. The studies were performed at 23 °C in quartz cuvettes

Carbon nano-onions (multi-layer fullerenes): chemistry and applications

• Juergen Bartelmess and
• Silvia Giordani

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1980–1998, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.207

• ) and H2. The successful fluorination led to an increase of the mass of the CNO material and the fluorinated CNOs (F-CNO) were well soluble in ethanol and other alcohols as well as in DMF. Characterization of the F-CNOs was carried out by a multitude of techniques such as FTIR, Raman and UV–vis

• spectroscopy, SEM/EDX, XRD, XPS, TGA and TEM. In addition, the authors reported that the fluorination of the F-CNOs was reversible upon treatment with hydrazine, which interestingly led also to a regeneration of the “broken” graphene layers of the CNO. Some years later, based on the F-CNO material, the same

Imaging the intracellular degradation of biodegradable polymer nanoparticles

• Anne-Kathrin Barthel,
• Martin Dass,
• Melanie Dröge,
• Jens-Michael Cramer,
• Daniela Baumann,
• Markus Urban,
• Katharina Landfester,
• Volker Mailänder and
• Ingo Lieberwirth

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1905–1917, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.201

• achieved and applied on a copper grid (3.05, 300 mesh, Agar Scientific, U.K.). The sections were observed in a Zeiss EM 912 transmission electron microscope with a tungsten filament at an acceleration voltage of 120 kV. Micrographs were taken via a Cantega Olympus slow scan CCD camera. UV−visible (UV−vis

• ) spectroscopy A Lambda 25 (Perkin-Elmer) UV−vis spectrometer was used to monitor the formation of the FeCl(H2O)52+ complex upon addition of HCl to magnetite particles. The FeCl(H2O)52+ complex shows a characteristic absorption band at 340 nm. The cell was filled with 3 mL of diluted HCl (28 wt %) for background

In vitro and in vivo interactions of selected nanoparticles with rodent serum proteins and their consequences in biokinetics

• Wolfgang G. Kreyling,
• Stefanie Fertsch-Gapp,
• Martin Schäffler,
• Blair D. Johnston,
• Nadine Haberl,
• Christian Pfeiffer,
• Jörg Diendorf,
• Carsten Schleh,
• Stephanie Hirn,
• Manuela Semmler-Behnke,
• Matthias Epple and
• Wolfgang J. Parak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1699–1711, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.180

• previous physicochemical characterizations [8], all AuNP used in these experiments were thoroughly characterized through TEM (size distribution), UV–vis spectroscopy (absorbance), dynamic light scattering (DLS, hydrodynamic diameter), differential centrifugal sedimentation (DCS) and atomic force microscopy

The influence of molecular mobility on the properties of networks of gold nanoparticles and organic ligands

• Edwin J. Devid,
• Paulo N. Martinho,
• M. Venkata Kamalakar,
• Úna Prendergast,
• Christian Kübel,
• Tibebe Lemma,
• Jean-François Dayen,
• Tia. E. Keyes,
• Bernard Doudin,
• Mario Ruben and
• Sense Jan van der Molen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1664–1674, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.177

• volume. UV–vis spectroscopy Ultraviolet-visible (UV–vis) spectroscopy is performed to gain insight into the optical properties of these molecule–gold nanoparticle arrays, and specifically to investigate the influence of the S-BPP molecules on the effective dielectric constant. Metal nanoparticles exhibit

• . This is also confirmed experimentally from UV–vis spectroscopy of a C8–gold nanoparticle dispersion and a S-BPP–gold nanoparticle dispersion (both in chloroform), in which effectively f = 0. In Figure S9 (see Supporting Information File 1) we show that the SPR peak of the S-BPP-covered gold

• . Second, UV–vis spectroscopy indicates that εm (and also εeff which incorporates f) is actually higher for Au-NP–S-BPP networks than for alkanethiol networks (see Table 1). This should thus lead to a lower charging energy for S-BPP than for octanethiol networks and hence to linear I–V-curves at room

Growth evolution and phase transition from chalcocite to digenite in nanocrystalline copper sulfide: Morphological, optical and electrical properties

• Priscilla Vasthi Quintana-Ramirez,
• Ma. Concepción Arenas-Arrocena,
• José Santos-Cruz,
• Marina Vega-González,
• Omar Martínez-Alvarez,
• Víctor Manuel Castaño-Meneses,
• Laura Susana Acosta-Torres and
• Javier de la Fuente-Hernández

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1542–1552, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.166

• ), electrically by the four-points-probe technique, by UV–vis spectroscopy (Thermo Scientific Genesys 10S UV–vis spectrophotometer in the range of 200 to 1100 nm) in order to determine, the structural phase, the electrical resistance and optical absorbance spectra, respectively. The photoresponse measurements

Current state of laser synthesis of metal and alloy nanoparticles as ligand-free reference materials for nano-toxicological assays

• Christoph Rehbock,
• Jurij Jakobi,
• Lisa Gamrad,
• Selina van der Meer,
• Daniela Tiedemann,
• Ulrike Taylor,
• Wilfried Kues,
• Detlef Rath and
• Stephan Barcikowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1523–1541, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.165

• opposing forces, namely steric stabilization by albumin and destabilization by screening of surface charges at higher salinities. In this context aggregation tendencies evaluated using UV–vis spectroscopy, allow to compare the portion of gold interband absorbance (380 nm) to the scattering of aggregates in

• scale [29], which were verified by UV–vis spectroscopy as well as TEM-EDX [28][29][139]. In the UV–vis spectrum, laser-fabricated AuAg alloy nanoparticles only show one SPR extinction maximum [140][141], which linearly shifts with the elemental composition [28][29][35][139] as illustrated in Figure 11

Protein-coated pH-responsive gold nanoparticles: Microwave-assisted synthesis and surface charge-dependent anticancer activity

• Dickson Joseph,
• Nisha Tyagi,
• Christian Geckeler and
• Kurt E.Geckeler

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1452–1462, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.158

• reactions. To standardize the microwave reaction conditions, several experiments were conducted in which the irradiation power, temperature and time were varied, and the products were analyzed by UV–vis spectroscopy. A microwave power of 250 W and a temperature of 120 °C were found to be optimum conditions

• observed after the reaction for all of the proteins except trypsin (TRY) and glucose oxidase (GOX). The AuNPs formed in the presence of the different proteins were characterized by UV–vis spectroscopy (Figure 1). The addition of Ag ions played an important role in the formation of the AuNPs, which is

Controlling mechanical properties of bio-inspired hydrogels by modulating nano-scale, inter-polymeric junctions

• Seonki Hong,
• Hyukjin Lee and
• Haeshin Lee

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 887–894, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.101

• catechol was confirmed by UV–vis spectroscopy at 280 nm. The UV–vis intensity of catechol modified polymer was calculated to the contents of catechol by using the standard curve made by the known concentration of dopamine solution versus the UV–vis intensity, demonstrating that all terminal amine groups

Optical and structural characterization of oleic acid-stabilized CdTe nanocrystals for solution thin film processing

• Claudio Davet Gutiérrez-Lazos,
• Mauricio Ortega-López,
• Manuel A. Pérez-Guzmán,
• A. Mauricio Espinoza-Rivas,
• Francisco Solís-Pomar,
• Rebeca Ortega-Amaya,
• L. Gerardo Silva-Vidaurri,
• Virginia C. Castro-Peña and
• Eduardo Pérez-Tijerina

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 881–886, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.100

• enabled us to manipulate the CdTe nanocrystals under ambient conditions, and to use them to deposit CdTe thin films that were free of cadmium tellurate or tellurium oxide. The CdTe nanocrystals and thin films were characterized by TEM, X-ray diffraction, UV–vis spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy. Results

Visible light photooxidative performance of a high-nuclearity molecular bismuth vanadium oxide cluster

• Johannes Tucher and
• Carsten Streb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 711–716, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.83

• are illustrated. Results and Discussion Photochemical characterization of the bismuth vanadate cluster 1 UV–vis spectroscopy of 1 shows that the cluster features a prominent ligand to metal charge-transfer (LMCT) absorption band centred at λ = 335 nm with tailing of the absorption band up to λ ≈ 560

Injection of ligand-free gold and silver nanoparticles into murine embryos does not impact pre-implantation development

• Ulrike Taylor,
• Wiebke Garrels,
• Annette Barchanski,
• Svea Peterson,
• Laszlo Sajti,
• Andrea Lucas-Hahn,
• Lisa Gamrad,
• Ulrich Baulain,
• Sabine Klein,
• Wilfried A. Kues,
• Stephan Barcikowski and
• Detlef Rath

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 677–688, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.80

• ][80][81]. The laser and process parameters were set as previously reported [43]. The resulting AuNP and AgNP colloids were characterized directly after synthesis by UV–vis spectroscopy (Shimadzu 1650, Shimadzu Europe GmbH, Duisburg, Germany), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM; EM 10 C electron

Effects of the preparation method on the structure and the visible-light photocatalytic activity of Ag₂CrO₄

• Difa Xu,
• Shaowen Cao,
• Jinfeng Zhang,
• Bei Cheng and
• Jiaguo Yu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 658–666, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.77

• areas are beneficial for the enhancement of photocatalytic performance by facilitating the absorption of pollutants for degradation. UV–vis spectroscopy measurements A comparison of UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectra (DRS) and the corresponding colours of the Ag2CrO4 samples are displayed in Figure 5

In vitro toxicity and bioimaging studies of gold nanorods formulations coated with biofunctional thiol-PEG molecules and Pluronic block copolymers

• Tianxun Gong,
• Douglas Goh,
• Malini Olivo and
• Ken-Tye Yong

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 546–553, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.64

• corresponding impact on biological systems. In this work, we systematically study the cytotoxicity, colloidal stability, and optical property of AuNRs before and after functionalizing them with PEG-SH and PEO–PPO–PEO molecules. These AuNRs formulations were characterized by using UV–vis spectroscopy

Mesoporous cerium oxide nanospheres for the visible-light driven photocatalytic degradation of dyes

• Subas K. Muduli,
• Songling Wang,
• Shi Chen,
• Chin Fan Ng,
• Cheng Hon Alfred Huan,
• Tze Chien Sum and
• Han Sen Soo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 517–523, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.60

• photoelectron and UV–vis spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. Together with N2 sorption experiments, the data confirms that the new cerium oxide material is mesoporous and absorbs visible light. The photocatalytic degradation of rhodamin B is investigated with a series of radical scavengers

One pot synthesis of silver nanoparticles using a cyclodextrin containing polymer as reductant and stabilizer

• Arkadius Maciollek and
• Helmut Ritter

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 380–385, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.44

• structure of the silver nanoparticles has been confirmed by UV–vis spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The optical properties of the nanoparticles have also been characterized by fluorescence spectroscopy. The formed spherical particles are stable in aqueous medium at room temperature over a

• period of several weeks. Furthermore the changes in the optical properties of the nanoparticles due to thermo induced volume phase transition behavior of the thermoresponsive cyclodextrin containing polymer 1 have been characterized by UV–vis spectroscopy. Keywords: cyclodextrin; polymer; silver

Extracellular biosynthesis of gadolinium oxide (Gd₂O₃) nanoparticles, their biodistribution and bioconjugation with the chemically modified anticancer drug taxol

• Shadab Ali Khan,
• Sanjay Gambhir and
• Absar Ahmad

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 249–257, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.27

• were bioconjugated with the chemically modified anticancer drug taxol with the aim of characterizing the role of this bioconjugate in the treatment of cancer. The biosynthesized Gd2O3 nanoparticles were characterized by UV–vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD

• ) and X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS). The Gd2O3–taxol bioconjugate was confirmed by UV–vis spectroscopy and fluorescence microscopy and was purified by using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Keywords: bioconjugation; biodistribution; gadolinium oxide; humicola sp; transmission

• was put onto a shaker at 50 °C (200 rpm) and maintained in the dark. Characterization of gadolinium oxide nanoparticles UV–vis spectroscopy To check the synthesis of gadolinium oxide nanoparticles, the mixture was monitored by periodic sampling of aliquots (2 mL) of the aqueous component. The

Study of mesoporous CdS-quantum-dot-sensitized TiO₂ films by using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and AFM

• Mohamed N. Ghazzal,
• Robert Wojcieszak,
• Gijo Raj and
• Eric M. Gaigneaux

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 68–76, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.6

• the CdS nanoparticles as obtained by UV–vis spectroscopy. The results showed that XPS technique is a powerful tool in the estimation of the CdS particle size. In conjunction with these results, a very good correlation has been found between the number of deposition cycles and the particle size

• be counted [9]. In the case of spectroscopy techniques such as UV–vis spectroscopy combined with effective mass approximation the values of particle size are usually strongly overestimated [11]. However, this technique could be useful in explaining the dependence of the band gap on quantum size

• the number of deposition cycles, which is in concordance with UV–vis spectroscopy and AFM studies. The small particles fill the pores of the TiO2 layer and then cover the surface of the substrate, which leads to a homogeneous layer. In order to illustrate the quantum size effect, the relationship