Identification of structural features of surface modifiers in engineered nanostructured metal oxides regarding cell uptake through ML-based classification

• Indrasis Dasgupta,
• Totan Das,
• Biplab Das and
• Shovanlal Gayen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 909–924, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.75

• significantly contribute to the cellular uptake of ENMOs in multiple cell types, including pancreatic cancer cells (PaCa2), human endothelial cells (HUVEC), and human macrophage cells (U937). The best models have been identified for each cell type and analyzed to detect the structural fingerprints/features

• or passive transport across the cell membrane [12]. Excessive absorption by normal cells enables metal oxide nanoparticles to engage with various subcellular organelles, initiating diverse signaling pathways to generate a stress response within cells. This results in the production of free radicals

• . Ultimately, this cascade leads to damage to cellular organelles and the demise of the cell [13][14][15]. ENMOs have also been explored for potential diagnostic applications, particularly in targeting cancer cells [16][17]. To create target-specific NPs, researchers synthesized magnetofluorescent NPs with an

The effect of age on the attachment ability of stick insects (Phasmatodea)

• Marie Grote,
• Stanislav N. Gorb and
• Thies H. Büscher

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 867–883, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.72

• of tissues, for example, exocrine cells within the arolium [81], could potentially also influence fluid production within the arolium. These exocrine cells produce adhesive secretions that play different roles in adhesive systems [11][40][85]. In stick insects, such fluids consist of a watery and a

A review on the structural characterization of nanomaterials for nano-QSAR models

• Salvador Moncho,
• Eva Serrano-Candelas,
• Jesús Vicente de Julián-Ortiz and
• Rafael Gozalbes

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 854–866, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.71

• ]. Additionally, focusing on the role of the NM as contrast agent in magnetic resonance imaging, the authors added the specific property of cellular internalization of iron, measured as the amount of iron inside the cells [25]. Zhang et al. [79] created a predictive model that uses regression trees to predict the

• conditions in E. coli and in HaCaT cells in a multi-target QSTR model [88]. Conclusion In this review we have analyzed in depth the descriptors used in the literature in QSAR and related in silico prediction models for NMs. Our review highlights that the high degree of variability in the NM properties is a

Synthesis of silver–palladium Janus nanoparticles using co-sputtering of independent sources: experimental and theorical study

• Maria J. Martínez-Carreón,
• Francisco Solís-Pomar,
• Abel Fundora,
• Claudio D. Gutiérrez-Lazos,
• Sergio Mejía-Rosales,
• Hector N. Fernández-Escamilla,
• Jonathan Guerrero-Sánchez,
• Manuel F. Meléndrez and
• Eduardo Pérez-Tijerina

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 808–816, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.67

• ) interplanar distance is reported in the Experimental section, we computed the Ag and Pd (111) surface models. The Ag(111) (Figure 6a,b) and Pd(111) (Figure 6d,e) surfaces were modeled in a hexagonal lattice, with a slab thickness equivalent to three unit cells (approximately 2 nm). All models considered

Electrospun polysuccinimide scaffolds containing different salts as potential wound dressing material

• Veronika Pálos,
• Krisztina S. Nagy,
• Rita Pázmány,
• Krisztina Juriga-Tóth,
• Bálint Budavári,
• Judit Domokos,
• Dóra Szabó,
• Ákos Zsembery and
• Angela Jedlovszky-Hajdu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 781–796, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.65

• potential cytotoxicity of the scaffolds on human tumorous and healthy cells. Except for the ones containing zinc acetate salt, the scaffolds are not cytotoxic to either tumor or healthy cells. Keywords: antibacterial activity; electrospinning; polysuccinimide; scaffold; wound dressing; Introduction

• , and fibers can be produced with uniform diameters in a controlled way [13][14]. Electrospun fibers are similar to macromolecule networks (e.g., collagen, fibrinogen, elastin) around the cells, which are called extracellular matrix (ECM). The ECM has fiber diameters in the size range of 50–500 nm and

• of streptomycin. The medium for the 155BR cells contained 15% of fetal bovine serum, 1% of non-essential amino acids, 2 mM of ʟ-glutamine, 100 IU/mL of penicillin, and 100 µg/mL of streptomycin in DMEM. Cytotoxicity tests Indirect cytotoxicity tests were based on a previous publications of our

Effect of repeating hydrothermal growth processes and rapid thermal annealing on CuO thin film properties

• Monika Ozga,
• Eunika Zielony,
• Aleksandra Wierzbicka,
• Anna Wolska,
• Marcin Klepka,
• Marek Godlewski,
• Bogdan J. Kowalski and
• Bartłomiej S. Witkowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 743–754, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.62

• -cleaning [1], anti-corrosion [2], and antibacterial [3] coatings. Like other CuO nanostructures, thin films also show potential for applications in photovoltaic cells [4][5], lithium-ion batteries [6], supercapacitors [7], gas sensors [8], and biosensors [9]. Furthermore, the literature reports their

Level set simulation of focused ion beam sputtering of a multilayer substrate

• Alexander V. Rumyantsev,
• Nikolai I. Borgardt,
• Roman L. Volkov and
• Yuri A. Chaplygin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 733–742, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.61

• %, the values of the parameters were taken into account, and the cell was marked as containing redeposited material. If in the subsequent calculations the fraction of the redeposited material in the cells dropped below 50%, these cells were marked as containing no redeposited material. The set of the

• cells with the redeposited oxygen and silicon atoms was employed in the following section where the simulation results were compared with the experimental data. The concentration of the oxygen atoms CO in the redeposited material stemming from the sputtering of the SiO2 layer was determined as . For

Simultaneous electrochemical determination of uric acid and hypoxanthine at a TiO₂/graphene quantum dot-modified electrode

• Vu Ngoc Hoang,
• Dang Thi Ngoc Hoa,
• Nguyen Quang Man,
• Le Vu Truong Son,
• Le Van Thanh Son,
• Vo Thang Nguyen,
• Le Thi Hong Phong,
• Ly Hoang Diem,
• Kieu Chan Ly,
• Ho Sy Thang and
• Dinh Quang Khieu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 719–732, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.60

• electrochemistry, combining GQDs with semiconductors, especially TiO2, has been of interest. For example, GQDs have been successfully introduced into TiO2 [17] to enhance its photocatalytic activity. John Peter et al. reported TiO2/GQDs as anodes for enhancing the short-circuit current in solar cells [18]. The

Functional fibrillar interfaces: Biological hair as inspiration across scales

• Guillermo J. Amador,
• Brett Klaassen van Oorschot,
• Caiying Liao,
• Jianing Wu and
• Da Wei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 664–677, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.55

• structures must not be internally active. Obviously, this excludes organisms’ slender body parts, such as elephant trunks, the legs of mammals and insects, and the cilia and flagella of eukaryotic microorganisms. As a side note, flagella of eukaryotic cells (e.g., algae, protists, and sperms) and prokaryotic

• cells (bacteria) should not be confused. Eukaryotic flagella are essentially the same organelles as cilia, consisting of a well-organized microtubular backbone and orchestrated internal protein motors, whereas bacterial flagella are simply passive, stiff filaments. The passive nature of the hairs does

• same phylogenetic class, order, family, genus, and species [8]. However, hair mass deviates slightly from isometry, and it appears that larger organisms are more “hairy”. First, the exponent for power-law fits increases with size, as evidenced by comparing the fits for cells and phages, insects

Comparative analysis of the ultrastructure and adhesive secretion pathways of different smooth attachment pads of the stick insect Medauroidea extradentata (Phasmatodea)

• Julian Thomas,
• Stanislav N. Gorb and
• Thies H. Büscher

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 612–630, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.52

• delineate a potential pathway for adhesive secretions, originating from exocrine epidermal cells and traversing various layers before reaching the surface. Within the attachment pad, the fluid may influence the viscoelastic properties of the pad and control the attachment/detachment process. Understanding

• differences between the tarsal frictional pads (euplantulae) and the pretarsal adhesion pads (arolia)? (2) Where is the adhesive secretion produced and stored? (3) How many different types of exocrine cells producing pad secretions do exist? (4) How is the adhesive secretion transported from the production

• cuticle (Figure 2D). Internally, the main part of the arolium consists of a large epithelium, recognizable by the light hue of the toluidine blue staining. The epithelium mainly consists of exocrine cells (ex) which display a large surface area towards the hemolymph due to irregular protrusions (Figure 2B

AFM-IR investigation of thin PECVD SiO_x films on a polypropylene substrate in the surface-sensitive mode

• Hendrik Müller,
• Hartmut Stadler,
• Teresa de los Arcos,
• Adrian Keller and
• Guido Grundmeier

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 603–611, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.51

• nanoscale resolution of AFM-IR down to 10 nm [3]. Nowadays, the limit of the spatial resolution is given by the apex of the AFM tip. One of the first AFM-IR demonstrations was reported in 2005 by Dazzi et al. [4], who presented AFM-IR spectra of single bacterial cells. Further on, this technique became more

Radiofrequency enhances drug release from responsive nanoflowers for hepatocellular carcinoma therapy

• Yanyan Wen,
• Ningning Song,
• Yueyou Peng,
• Weiwei Wu,
• Qixiong Lin,
• Minjie Cui,
• Rongrong Li,
• Qiufeng Yu,
• Sixue Wu,
• Yongkang Liang,
• Wei Tian and
• Yanfeng Meng

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 569–579, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.49

• suppressor gene [14]. Curcumin can also curtail HCC angiogenesis by decreasing the expression of vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) [15]. Furthermore, CUR has the potential to inhibit HCC by reducing the number of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and interfering with angiogenesis by

• ). The special structure of nanoflowers improves the stability and efficiency of the surface reaction [24]. Furthermore, prior research has verified that radiofrequency (RF) hyperthermia can significantly improve the sensitivity of cancer cells to chemotherapy at approximately 42 °C [25][26][27

• ]. Radiofrequency-induced hyperthermia has been confirmed to augment the permeability of the plasma membrane, facilitating the entry of drugs into tumor cells to kill them [28][29]. In this study, we present the synthesis of an intelligent TME-responsive nanomaterial, superparamagnetic ferric oxide nanoclusters

Directed growth of quinacridone chains on the vicinal Ag(35 1 1) surface

• Niklas Humberg,
• Lukas Grönwoldt and
• Moritz Sokolowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 556–568, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.48

• is very similar to the one in panel (a). However, it is missing two sets of spots corresponding to orientations B and D. (d) Schematic drawing of the observed LEED pattern in panel (c) containing all the observed spots and the corresponding unit cells. Both LEED images were measured under an in-phase

Cholesterol nanoarchaeosomes for alendronate targeted delivery as an anti-endothelial dysfunction agent

• Horacio Emanuel Jerez,
• Yamila Roxana Simioni,
• Kajal Ghosal,
• Maria Jose Morilla and
• Eder Lilia Romero

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 517–534, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.46

• into targeted nanovesicles, its anti-inflammatory activity may be amplified towards extra-osseous and noncalcified target cells, such as severely irritated vascular endothelium. Here cytotoxicity, mitochondrial membrane potential, ATP content, and membrane fluidity of human endothelial venous cells

• assessed on severely inflamed HUVECs. To that aim, HUVECs were grown on a porous barrier on top of a basal compartment seeded either with macrophages or human foam cells. One lighter and one more pronounced inflammatory context was modelled by adding lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to the apical or the apical and

• arterial calcification at doses comparable to those that inhibit bone resorption [10] and reported to exhibit a proangiogenic action on stressed endothelial cells, enhancing vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) synthesis and inducing the formation of capillary-like tubes in a VEGF-dependent manner [11

Fabrication of nanocrystal forms of ᴅ-cycloserine and their application for transdermal and enteric drug delivery systems

• Hsuan-Ang Tsai,
• Tsai-Miao Shih,
• Theodore Tsai,
• Jhe-Wei Hu,
• Yi-An Lai,
• Jui-Fu Hsiao and
• Guochuan Emil Tsai

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 465–474, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.42

• vascular endothelial cells are at low frequency, and that the trans-endothelial pathways are the dominant mechanisms for nanoparticle extravasation in tumors (also called enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect) [37]. Since the skin has a denser structure than that of tumor vessels, we speculated

• dissolves and is loaded into the blood reaching systemic circulation. Notably, the first step is the key barrier for an efficient drug delivery. In this study, the application of Franz diffusion cells, a standard procedure of transdermal in vitro testing in the USP-NF<725>, helps us to test the penetration

Heat-induced morphological changes in silver nanowires deposited on a patterned silicon substrate

• Elyad Damerchi,
• Sven Oras,
• Edgars Butanovs,
• Allar Liivlaid,
• Mikk Antsov,
• Boris Polyakov,
• Annamarija Trausa,
• Veronika Zadin,
• Andreas Kyritsakis,
• Loïc Vidal,
• Karine Mougin,
• Siim Pikker and
• Sergei Vlassov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 435–446, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.39

• ; silver nanowires; Introduction Metal nanowires (NWs) are promising key elements in a wide range of applications, including solar cells [1], smart windows [2], flexible sensors [3], touch screens [4], biocompatible polymer binders [5], temperature sensing [6], medical materials [7], and key elements of

Unveiling the nature of atomic defects in graphene on a metal surface

• Karl Rothe,
• Nicolas Néel and
• Jörg Kröger

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 416–425, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.37

• defects is considerably lower than that of intact graphene at the chosen tip–surface distance. In the associated current map (Figure 2b), defect 1 appears as a uniform depression without interior structure. Moreover, the graphene lattice, which appears via the protruding honeycomb cells in the AFM data

• , is distorted in the vicinity of the defects. The rows of honeycomb cells are not straight and rather follow curved trajectories that are bent towards the defect sites. The Δf map for a type-2 defect (Figure 2c) was likewise acquired in the attractive regime (arrow in Figure 2f) where the graphene C

Classification and application of metal-based nanoantioxidants in medicine and healthcare

• Nguyen Nhat Nam,
• Nguyen Khoi Song Tran,
• Tan Tai Nguyen,
• Nguyen Ngoc Trai,
• Nguyen Phuong Thuy,
• Hoang Dang Khoa Do,
• Nhu Hoa Thi Tran and
• Kieu The Loan Trinh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 396–415, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.36

• and increased the survival rate of cells under high H2O2 concentration. In vivo results of another experiment demonstrated the ROS scavenging ability of Au@Cu2O heterostructures in a zebrafish model, which is an organism with morphological and physiological functions similar to those of humans [48

• intracellular Ca2+ in cells and tissues. One of the most important criteria of anti-inflammatory drugs is the direct delivery to the inflamed tissue [96][97][98]. To increase the targeting ability, anti-inflammatory agents can be wrapped with a cell membrane camouflage technique [99][100][101]. For example, Ma

• . Another study employed CD44–hyaluronic acid interaction to endow a diselenide-bridged hyaluronic acid nanogel (SeNG) with the ability to specifically accumulate at CD44-overexpressed inflammatory cells [103]. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that the designed SeNG could not only

Controllable physicochemical properties of WO_x thin films grown under glancing angle

• Rupam Mandal,
• Aparajita Mandal,
• Alapan Dutta,
• Rengasamy Sivakumar,
• Sanjeev Kumar Srivastava and
• Tapobrata Som

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 350–359, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.31

• fabricating WOx-based optoelectronic devices, including photovoltaic cells. Keywords: annealing; glancing angle sputter deposition; heterojunction; tungsten oxide; work function; Introduction Tungsten oxide (WOx; x ≤ 3) is a popular transition-metal oxide for various optoelectronic devices because of its

• , heterostructures having an n-type WOx layer on various p-type substrates such as p-Si [12][13], Cu2O [14], NiO [15], p-ZnO nanowires (NWs) [16], diamond [17], and BiVO4 [18], have a great technological importance in the field of heterojunction solar cells, LEDs, and resistance random access memory (RRAM) devices

• observations demonstrate a wide range of tunability and correlation among several physicochemical properties of glancing angle-deposited WOx films, which is due to serve as a guide for fabricating WOx-based optoelectronic devices, including carrier-selective contacts for photovoltaic cells. Experimental NS-WOx

Nanomedicines against Chagas disease: a critical review

• Maria Jose Morilla,
• Kajal Ghosal and
• Eder Lilia Romero

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 333–349, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.30

• cells, BNZ is reduced by oxygen-sensitive nitroreductases. During its anaerobic nitro reduction, primarily in the hepatic microsomal fraction, BNZ generates reactive metabolites that bind to the host’s DNA, proteins, and lipids. The nitro reduction also occurs in fecal matter, with an intensity that

• mammalian cells [33][34][35][36][37][38]. However, orally administered nanomedicines do not cross the intact gastrointestinal epithelium and would never be uptaken by target cells, except enterocytes. During gastrointestinal transit, biodegradable nanoparticles are degraded or not absorbed, leaving only

• released BNZ available for absorption [39][40]. Other studies determined the release profile of BNZ in different media [41][42][43][44] and its permeability across Caco-2 cells [43][44]. Between 2012 and 2018 the BERENICE (BEnznidazol and triazol REsearch group for Nanomedicine and Innovation on Chagas

Exploring the relationships between physiochemical properties of nanoparticles and cell damage to combat cancer growth using simple periodic table-based descriptors

• Joyita Roy and
• Kunal Roy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 297–309, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.27

• treatment of cancer cells. To achieve this, QSPR modeling was first performed with 18 metal oxide (MeOx) NMs to measure their materials properties using periodic table-based descriptors. The features obtained were later applied for zeta potential calculation (imputation for sparse data) for MeOx NMs that

• oxidative damage through free radical accumulation, which could lead to changes in the survival rate of cancerous cells. The developed QSPR and quantitative structure–activity relationship models also give hints regarding safer design and toxicity assessment of MeOx NMs. Keywords: cancer cell treatment

• biocompatibility on NP toxicity. These properties of NPs determine their toxicity and interaction with the cell membrane damaging human health and the environment [12]. The toxic effect of NPs can be used as a medical treatment for diseases at the cellular level, that is, targeting and destroying cancerous cells

Vinorelbine-loaded multifunctional magnetic nanoparticles as anticancer drug delivery systems: synthesis, characterization, and in vitro release study

• Zeynep Özcan and
• Afife Binnaz Hazar Yoruç

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 256–269, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.24

• uncontrolled proliferation of aberrant cells, which can spread to diverse body regions, encompassing over a hundred distinct forms [1][2]. Current cancer treatments lack a complete approach, as they mostly rely on radiotherapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and surgery in clinical environments [3]. While these

• methodologies provide therapeutic benefits, they also contribute to cancer progression by inducing cytotoxicity in healthy cells and weakening the immune system, rendering individuals more vulnerable to other ailments [4][5]. There is a must to develop alternative multifunctional methodologies or intelligent

• , as they increase permeability and retention effect in solid tumors, enabling precise application to the targeted cells. Various structures such as silica-based conjugates, inorganic polymers, ceramic nanomaterials, gold, iron oxide, and noble metal nanoparticles have been utilized [9][10]. Among the

Nanocarrier systems loaded with IR780, iron oxide nanoparticles and chlorambucil for cancer theragnostics

• Phuong-Thao Dang-Luong,
• Hong-Phuc Nguyen,
• Loc Le-Tuan,
• Xuan-Thang Cao,
• Vy Tran-Anh and
• Hieu Vu Quang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 180–189, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.17

• oxide) (PEO). To improve the targeting ability of nanoparticles, ligands are typically designed to be located on the exterior of nanoparticles. Typically, ligands are cell-type-specific monoclonal antibodies, RGD peptides for the overexpression of the asialoglycoprotein receptor on cancer cells [5

• ], mannose for the mannose receptor on activated macrophages [6][7], and folic acid for the overexpression of the folate receptor on the surface of cancer cells and activated macrophages [8]. Thus, in this study, PLGA was chosen for NP formulation since it is a biocompatible and biodegradable material

• and IR783 are also promising diagnostic choices. Encapsulation of IR780 in nanoparticles can be used for imaging and photothermal, photodynamic, and combinatorial cancer therapies [20][21][22]. IR780 is also utilized in PEG-PLA nanoparticles for photodynamic therapy of human breast cancer cells [23

CdSe/ZnS quantum dots as a booster in the active layer of distributed ternary organic photovoltaics

• Gabriela Lewińska,
• Piotr Jeleń,
• Zofia Kucia,
• Maciej Sitarz,
• Łukasz Walczak,
• Bartłomiej Szafraniak,
• Jerzy Sanetra and
• Konstanty W. Marszalek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 144–156, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.14

• .15.14 Abstract Organic solar cells are a promising candidate for practical use because of their low material cost and simple production procedures. The challenge is selecting materials with the right properties and how they interrelate in the context of manufacturing the device. This paper presents

• studies on CdSe/ZnS nanodots as dopants in a polymer–fullerene matrix for application in organic solar cells. An assembly of poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) and 6,6-phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester was used as the active reference layer. Absorption and luminescence spectra as well as the dispersion

• was determined. The resistivity of the layers was determined using impedance spectroscopy. Simulations (General-Purpose Photovoltaic Device Model) showed a performance improvement in the cells with quantum dots of 0.36–1.45% compared to those without quantum dots. Keywords: efficiency; luminescence

Development and characterization of potential larvicidal nanoemulsions against Aedes aegypti

• Jonatas L. Duarte,
• Leonardo Delello Di Filippo,
• Anna Eliza Maciel de Faria Mota Oliveira,
• Rafael Miguel Sábio,
• Gabriel Davi Marena,
• Tais Maria Bauab,
• Cristiane Duque,
• Vincent Corbel and
• Marlus Chorilli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 104–114, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.10

• formulations, specifically nanoemulsions, has emerged as a prospective strategy to surmount these obstacles. In this study, we developed and characterized nanoemulsions based on cymene and myrcene and assessed their toxicity both in vitro using human keratinocytes (HaCAT) cells and in an in vivo model

• low toxicity towards HaCAT cells and Galleria mellonella larvae. Moreover, the nanoemulsions exhibited significant lethality against third-instar Aedes aegypti larvae at a concentration of 50 mg/L. In conclusion, the utilization of nanoemulsions encapsulating cymene and myrcene presents a promising

• determining the effect on the immune response in vivo. In vitro cytotoxicity assays are an important tool for evaluating the safety of NEs. HaCaT cells are a widely used human keratinocyte cell line that exhibits several characteristics of normal human epidermal keratinocytes, making them an excellent model