Tailoring bifunctional hybrid organic–inorganic nanoadsorbents by the choice of functional layer composition probed by adsorption of Cu²⁺ ions

• Veronika V. Tomina,
• Inna V. Melnyk,
• Yuriy L. Zub,
• Aivaras Kareiva,
• Miroslava Vaclavikova,
• Gulaim A. Seisenbaeva and
• Vadim G. Kessler

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 334–347, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.36

• help in NMR experiments and adsorption from the gas phase experiments, respectively.

Selective photodissociation of tailored molecular tags as a tool for quantum optics

• Ugur Sezer,
• Philipp Geyer,
• Moritz Kriegleder,
• Maxime Debiossac,
• Armin Shayeghi,
• Markus Arndt,
• Lukas Felix and
• Marcel Mayor

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 325–333, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.35

• yet generally scalable to covalently bound organic molecules. In particular, large biomolecules – which are interesting candidates for quantum-interference experiments and gas-phase metrology [7] – often neither ionize nor dissociate upon absorption of a single photon, not even at 7.9 eV photon energy

• has been demonstrated with the trimeric model compound 1 while the here presented preliminary gas-phase photocleavage experiments have been performed with the monomeric building block 4, which displayed favourable photodissociation features compared to 1. Interestingly we find that photoactivated

• pathways in the gas-phase. For future applications in molecule interferometry with complex biomolecules, it will be important that beam depletion is possible at a wavelength which is not absorbed by the untagged molecule. Otherwise the photon would be dissipated without triggering any action. Our labels

Colorimetric gas detection by the varying thickness of a thin film of ultrasmall PTSA-coated TiO₂ nanoparticles on a Si substrate

• Urmas Joost,
• Andris Šutka,
• Meeri Visnapuu,
• Aile Tamm,
• Meeri Lembinen,
• Mikk Antsov,
• Kathriin Utt,
• Krisjanis Smits,
• Ergo Nõmmiste and
• Vambola Kisand

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 229–236, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.25

• in the gas phase was first optimized with Gaussian 09 [22] using the density functional theory (DFT)-based exchange and correlation functional Perdew–Burke–Ernzerhof (PBE) [23][24], and cc-pvtz basis sets [25][26][27][28]. The optimized geometry was then used to calculate the XPS spectra. These were

Nanocrystalline TiO₂/SnO₂ heterostructures for gas sensing

• Barbara Lyson-Sypien,
• Anna Kusior,
• Mieczylaw Rekas,
• Jan Zukrowski,
• Marta Gajewska,
• Katarzyna Michalow-Mauke,
• Thomas Graule,
• Marta Radecka and
• Katarzyna Zakrzewska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 108–122, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.12

• heterostructures at lower temperatures. As one discusses the interaction between the gas phase and the semiconducting sensor, the two-step mechanism described in the Introduction section has to be taken into account. The second step given in a general form by Equation 2 is the surface reduction, which appears upon

Diffusion of dilute gas in arrays of randomly distributed, vertically aligned, high-aspect-ratio cylinders

• Wojciech Szmyt,
• Carlos Guerra and
• Ivo Utke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 64–73, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.7

• potential fields of applications such as photovoltaics [7], photocatalysis [8], organic electronics [9] and supercapacitors [10]. Surface functionalisation and nanoengineering of high-aspect-ratio nanocylinder arrays often involve the exposure of the structures to gas-phase chemicals, for instance, during

• ALD [14]. Arrays of nanocylinders are also used in gas sensing systems [15][16]. The increasing interest in surface functionalisation via gas phase techniques as well as gas sensing applications with high-aspect-ratio nanocylinder arrays has raised the need for the fundamental understanding and

• rate J by definition from gas kinetic theory: where ΔNm refers to a number of molecules in an arbitrary volume within the nanocylinder array, ΔA is the area of nanocylinder walls in the given volume, n is the number volume density of molecules in the gas phase, whereas ΔVv is the void volume between

Cubic chemically ordered FeRh and FeCo nanomagnets prepared by mass-selected low-energy cluster-beam deposition: a comparative study

• Veronique Dupuis,
• Anthony Robert,
• Arnaud Hillion,
• Ghassan Khadra,
• Nils Blanc,
• Damien Le Roy,
• Florent Tournus,
• Clement Albin,
• Olivier Boisron and
• Alexandre Tamion

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1850–1860, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.177

• correlation between morphology and magnetism has also been predicted from theoretical density functional theory calculations in agreement with experiments on FeRh nanoparticles prepared by co-sputtering [8]. In addition, for FeCo nanoparticles generated in the gas phase by means of an arc cluster ion source

• affinity with the environment affects their intrinsic magnetic properties compared to their bulk counterparts. Results Synthesis and structure The clusters are synthetized in the gas phase in the low-energy cluster-beam deposition (LECBD) regime. Briefly, a pulsed laser beam is focused on a mixed

Precise in situ etch depth control of multilayered III−V semiconductor samples with reflectance anisotropy spectroscopy (RAS) equipment

• Ann-Kathrin Kleinschmidt,
• Lars Barzen,
• Johannes Strassner,
• Christoph Doering,
• Henning Fouckhardt,
• Wolfgang Bock,
• Michael Wahl and
• Michael Kopnarski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1783–1793, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.171

• increase with decreasing structure size, in situ monitoring is gaining importance. There are various approaches to monitor and control the etch depth during dry-etching: With methods based on gas-phase analysis such as mass spectrometry of the residual gas [12] or optical gas-phase analysis such as optical

Nano- and microstructured materials for in vitro studies of the physiology of vascular cells

• Alexandra M. Greiner,
• Adria Sales,
• Hao Chen,
• Sarah A. Biela,
• Dieter Kaufmann and
• Ralf Kemkemer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1620–1641, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.155

• focused-ion beam nanolithography it is also possible to deposit materials. The desired material to deposit is in the gas phase and it is let to adsorb on the surface. Afterwards, the ion beam decomposes the adsorbed molecules into a volatile component and a non-volatile component. The non-volatile

Three-gradient regular solution model for simple liquids wetting complex surface topologies

• Sabine Akerboom,
• Marleen Kamperman and
• Frans A. M. Leermakers

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1377–1396, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.129

Viability and proliferation of endothelial cells upon exposure to GaN nanoparticles

• Tudor Braniste,
• Ion Tiginyanu,
• Tibor Horvath,
• Simion Raevschi,
• Serghei Cebotari,
• Marco Lux,
• Axel Haverich and
• Andres Hilfiker

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1330–1337, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.124

• involved incubation in gradually increasing acetone concentrations from 30% to 100% at room temperature. Thereafter, the acetone was gradually replaced by liquid CO2 at 10 °C in a critical drying point machine (BAL-TEC 030 CPD). In order to bring the sample from the liquid to the gas phase without crossing

In situ characterization of hydrogen absorption in nanoporous palladium produced by dealloying

• Eva-Maria Steyskal,
• Christopher Wiednig,
• Norbert Enzinger and
• Roland Würschum

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1197–1201, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.110

• potential-assisted dealloying [5] has been studied recently with regards to actuation upon electrochemical hydrogenation [4] as well as hydrogen solubility from the gas phase [6]. In the present study np-Pd is produced by electrochemically dealloying a Co–Pd master alloy and investigated upon

Reasons and remedies for the agglomeration of multilayered graphene and carbon nanotubes in polymers

• Rasheed Atif and
• Fawad Inam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1174–1196, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.109

• (ca. 1 mm) [128]. About 50% of the carbon vapors condense at the cathode tip as slag-like deposit (arrow A in Figure 14) called “cylindrical hard deposit”. Some of the remaining carbon vapors condense in the gas phase and form soot. It adheres to the reaction chamber walls (arrow B in Figure 14) and

Phenalenyl-based mononuclear dysprosium complexes

• Yanhua Lan,
• Andrea Magri,
• Olaf Fuhr and
• Mario Ruben

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 995–1009, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.92

• , aimed to study gas-phase dispersed photoluminescence spectra [25][26]. In this paper we report on the synthesis of three mononuclear dysprosium complexes [Dy(PLN)2(HPLN)Cl(EtOH)] (1), [Dy(PLN)3(HPLN)]·[Dy(PLN)3(EtOH)]·2EtOH (2) and [Dy(PLN)3(H2O)2]·H2O (3) with the focus on studying their magnetic

Large-scale fabrication of achiral plasmonic metamaterials with giant chiroptical response

• Morten Slyngborg,
• Yao-Chung Tsao and
• Peter Fojan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 914–925, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.83

• sputter-coated on the surface of the negative imprints. A monolayer of trichloro(1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorooctyl)silane (25 vol % in toluene) was applied to the Al films by gas phase deposition for 1 h in a vacuum desiccator. These samples served as new molds for the second imprint in PMMA. The parameters of

Efficient electron-induced removal of oxalate ions and formation of copper nanoparticles from copper(II) oxalate precursor layers

• Kai Rückriem,
• Sarah Grotheer,
• Henning Vieker,
• Paul Penner,
• André Beyer,
• Armin Gölzhäuser and
• Petra Swiderek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 852–861, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.77

• electron beam induced deposition (FEBID) [1][2] solid materials are produced on surfaces through decomposition of volatile precursor compounds under the electron beam [1][3][4]. As an alternative to deposition from the gas phase, FEBID has recently also been performed in micrometer-thin films of molten

• ] and the control of the size of the nanostructures pose challenges [1][11][12][13][18][20]. For example, when metals are deposited from the gas phase by FEBID, the organic ligands that provide the metal organic precursors with sufficient volatility are often not fully decomposed. In consequence

• contamination. The reduction of the material under high-vacuum conditions also offers the perspective of adding capping layers in situ via an electron-beam induced deposition process from the gas phase [1] thus addressing the problem of Cu oxidation [52]. (a) Representative RAIR spectra of surface-grown copper

Orientation of FePt nanoparticles on top of a-SiO₂/Si(001), MgO(001) and sapphire(0001): effect of thermal treatments and influence of substrate and particle size

• Martin Schilling,
• Paul Ziemann,
• Zaoli Zhang,
• Johannes Biskupek,
• Ute Kaiser and
• Ulf Wiedwald

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 591–604, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.52

• diffusion [22]. On WSe2(0001) supports, epitaxial FePt nanostructures were grown epitaxially with three possible azimuthal orientations [23]. FePt NPs have been prepared by different approaches mainly using colloidal chemistry [5][24], gas-phase preparation techniques [25][26], or thin films of few

Synthesis and applications of carbon nanomaterials for energy generation and storage

• Marco Notarianni,
• Jinzhang Liu,
• Kristy Vernon and
• Nunzio Motta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 149–196, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.17

• of Si in the gas phase [169] in order to reduce the sublimation rate with the positive pressure. The growth temperature is a very important parameter because it influences the number of graphene layers grown and it is directly related to the Si diffusion (Figure 28) [170]. The graphene can also be

Vibration-mediated Kondo transport in molecular junctions: conductance evolution during mechanical stretching

• David Rakhmilevitch and
• Oren Tal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2417–2422, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.249

• ][28][29]. Furthermore, the side peak voltage shifts in a non-monotonic manner in response to moderate elongation (Figure 2a,b). This shift was associated by calculations with the response of a specific junction vibration mode, which is a derivative of the A1g gas phase vibration of CuPc, to junction

Sub-monolayer film growth of a volatile lanthanide complex on metallic surfaces

• Hironari Isshiki,
• Jinjie Chen,
• Kevin Edelmann and
• Wulf Wulfhekel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2412–2416, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.248

• -dikenonate ligands (see Figure 1) and the total charge of the molecule is zero. Recent DFT calculations for Ln(thd)3 in gas phase show that the D3 symmetry structure corresponds to the minimum of the potential energy [14]. Though remarkable magnetic properties of Ln(thd)3 in bulk have not been reported, some

Negative differential electrical resistance of a rotational organic nanomotor

• Hatef Sadeghi,
• Sara Sangtarash,
• Qusiy Al-Galiby,
• Rachel Sparks,
• Steven Bailey and
• Colin J. Lambert

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2332–2337, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.240

• –angle curves, the pendant group was artificially rotated to a chosen angle and then the molecule was allowed to relax to a local energy minimum. (a) The molecular structure within the junction. (b) A contour plot of the local density of states of the gas-phase molecule at θ = 60° (right) and θ = 0

Core-level spectra and molecular deformation in adsorption: V-shaped pentacene on Al(001)

• Anu Baby,
• He Lin,
• Gian Paolo Brivio,
• Luca Floreano and
• Guido Fratesi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2242–2251, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.230

• free molecule in the gas phase (g) are compared to those of the molecule adsorbed flat and bent at T and B sites, respectively. A common trend is found while moving from the free molecule to the flat and to the bent adsorbed molecule, as they keep either increasing or decreasing, conversely decreasing

• indicating that the molecule shrinks along the short molecular axis. On the contrary an increase in the length of the molecule is observed along the long axis in the B configuration hinting a slight weakening in the coupling of outer atoms with respect to those of pentacene in gas phase. Summarizing, the

• induces alterations in the molecular orbitals, which are best perceived by looking first at the gas-phase molecule, but with the same geometry as that in the B site. In particular, the Kohn–Sham eigenvalues for bent and flat molecules are compared in Figure 3. One of the major features emerging is the

The role of low-energy electrons in focused electron beam induced deposition: four case studies of representative precursors

• Rachel M. Thorman,
• Ragesh Kumar T. P.,
• D. Howard Fairbrother and
• Oddur Ingólfsson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1904–1926, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.194

• be used to elucidate their role. In this context, gas phase studies can obtain well-resolved information on low-energy electron-induced reactions with FEBID precursors by studying isolated molecules interacting with single electrons of well-defined energy. In contrast, ultra-high vacuum surface

• studies on adsorbed precursor molecules can provide information on surface speciation and identify species desorbing from a substrate during electron irradiation under conditions more representative of FEBID. Comparing gas phase and surface science studies allows for insight into the primary deposition

• FEBID, specifically, dissociative electron attachment, dissociative ionization, neutral dissociation, and dipolar dissociation, emphasizing the different nature and energy dependence of each process. We then explore the value of studying these processes through comparative gas phase and surface studies

Template-controlled mineralization: Determining film granularity and structure by surface functionality patterns

• Nina J. Blumenstein,
• Jonathan Berson,
• Stefan Walheim,
• Petia Atanasova,
• Johannes Baier,
• Joachim Bill and
• Thomas Schimmel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1763–1768, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.180

• with the acid for 30 s and gently dried in a nitrogen flow. This procedure was repeated two times with fresh solvent. The fluorinated SAM was deposited from the gas phase: The samples were positioned face down at the lid of a desiccator containing two droplets of 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyl

Possibilities and limitations of advanced transmission electron microscopy for carbon-based nanomaterials

• Xiaoxing Ke,
• Carla Bittencourt and
• Gustaaf Van Tendeloo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1541–1557, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.158

• being introduced into in situ TEM, include mechanical stress [106][107], electrical stimuli [108], and chemical reactions in the gas phase or in liquid cells [50]. Although only a few studies using in situ TEM on carbon-based nanomaterials have been reported, an increase can certainly be expected. For

• dedicated designs of the TEM specimen holder (thermal, mechanical, electrical) or specimen chamber (gas phase, environmental TEM), the contribution of electrons into the dynamic process, which can be regarded as the “internal stimulus”, is often overlooked. The interaction between electrons and carbon atoms

Continuum models of focused electron beam induced processing

• Milos Toth,
• Charlene Lobo,
• Vinzenz Friedli,
• Aleksandra Szkudlarek and
• Ivo Utke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1518–1540, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.157

• solving for the difference between the flux of molecules adsorbing from and returning to the gas phase. In the gas phase, the molecule flux is given by: where Pa is the pressure of the precursor gas for adsorbate ‘a’, ma is the mass of a gas molecule, kB is Boltzmann’s constant and Tg is the gas

• by FEBID), surface gas phase collisions, or other capillary geometries. Flow regimes To make a correct choice of the flow regime for the simulation one needs to determine the mean free path λ between molecule–molecule collisions and the Knudsen number (the ratio of λ to the capillary diameter d): The

• numerous surfaces through the thermally activated reaction O2 → 2O, where O2 is in the gas phase or in the physisorbed state, and the two O atoms are in the chemisorbed state. Similarly, XeF2 can fluorinate many surfaces through decomposition pathways that generate chemisorbed F [17][69][70][71], and the