Synthesis and characterization of noble metal–titania core–shell nanostructures with tunable shell thickness

• Bartosz Bartosewicz,
• Marta Michalska-Domańska,
• Malwina Liszewska,
• Dariusz Zasada and
• Bartłomiej J. Jankiewicz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2083–2093, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.208

• approximately 5 min the color suddenly changed into red, indicating the formation of spherical gold nanoparticles. After cooling down to room temperature the reaction mixture was centrifuged and 3 mL of concentrated colloidal gold solution were collected from the bottom of the tube. Silver colloids 90 mL of

Preparation and characterization of polycarbonate/multiwalled carbon nanotube nanocomposites

• Claudio Larosa,
• Niranjan Patra,
• Marco Salerno,
• Lara Mikac,
• Remo Merijs Meri and
• Mile Ivanda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2026–2031, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.203

• serious thermal stability issues at the hot embossing temperature of PC. It has been suggested that the addition of MWCNTs can significantly change the mechanical properties of PC, as well as affect the crystallization behavior [5]. In former work, the effect of adding gold nanoparticles on the optical

Optical techniques for cervical neoplasia detection

• Tatiana Novikova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1844–1862, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.186

• discriminate between HSIL and LSIL/normal tissues at various imaging depths was confirmed [80][81]. Nanotheranostics The rapid progress of nanotechnology had an important impact on cancer management research. The variety of new nanoscale platforms (gold nanoparticles, quantum dots, nanocages, carbon nanotubes

• unique molecular tumor marker [88]. The contrast agents consisting of a targeting agent conjugated with optically active labels (metal nanoparticles, quantum dots) can be used for in vivo imaging of this biomarker. Sokolov et al [89] reported the use of gold nanoparticles for the molecular targeted

• imaging of the specific biomarker of cervical cancer. The bioconjugates of gold nanoparticles (approximately 12 nm in diameter) with antibodies against EGFR have been used to increase the contrast during in vitro confocal reflectance and confocal fluorescence imaging of normal and abnormal cervical cells

Methionine-mediated synthesis of magnetic nanoparticles and functionalization with gold quantum dots for theranostic applications

• Arūnas Jagminas,
• Agnė Mikalauskaitė,
• Vitalijus Karabanovas and
• Jūrate Vaičiūnienė

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1734–1741, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.174

• ) was used to take three-dimensional (3D) images of gold nanoparticles. TESPA-V2 cantilevers (Veeco Instruments Inc., USA) with a tip curvature of 8 nm were used. Measurements were performed in the tapping mode in air. Images were acquired at the scan rate of 1 Hz per line with the 512 × 512 pixel image

Near-infrared-responsive, superparamagnetic Au@Co nanochains

• Varadee Vittur,
• Arati G. Kolhatkar,
• Shreya Shah,
• Irene Rusakova,
• Dmitri Litvinov and
• T. Randall Lee

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1680–1687, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.168

• of K–gold solution, a plasmon resonance appeared as a strong peak at ca. 900 nm; importantly, the nanochains possess no extinction bands characteristic of either bare gold nanoparticles or pure gold nanochains [68][69][70]. As mentioned above, Au-coated hollow nanospheres using Co nanoparticles as a

Nanostructures for sensors, electronics, energy and environment III

• Nunzio Motta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1530–1531, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.154

• interaction between light and plasma electrons generated by gold nanoparticles is critical for the development of biosensing platforms [2] and for sensors based on surface enhanced Raman scattering [3]. New methods for creating thin films are expected to provide enhanced efficiency in solar cells [4] at a

Fixation mechanisms of nanoparticles on substrates by electron beam irradiation

• Daichi Morioka,
• Tomohiro Nose,
• Taiki Chikuta,
• Kazutaka Mitsuishi and
• Masayuki Shimojo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1523–1529, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.153

• , and several steps of chemical treatments. Noriki et al. [8] combined electron beam irradiation with a chemical reaction to pattern gold nanoparticles onto substrates. This technique consists of three steps: Firstly, gold nanoparticles are placed over the entire surface of a substrate. Secondly, the

• gold nanoparticles are fixed on the substrate by electron beam irradiation. Finally, the unfixed nanoparticles are removed. In the second step, the organic molecules (e.g. citrate) surrounding the nanoparticles are decomposed to amorphous carbon, and this amorphous carbon existing in the gap between

• the particle and the substrate fixes the particles. However, in this original technique, the area of fixed gold nanoparticles was wider than the electron-probe size of a few nanometers [8]. To understand the mechanisms of this widening, the effects of accelerating voltage, particle size and substrate

Bright fluorescent silica-nanoparticle probes for high-resolution STED and confocal microscopy

• Isabella Tavernaro,
• Christian Cavelius,
• Henrike Peuschel and
• Annette Kraegeloh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1283–1296, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.130

• ]. All in all, STED microscopy requires fluorescently labelled markers with high photostability to identify relevant interactions between nanoparticles and cellular structures. In the last years different types of markers have been used for fluorescence-based microscopy, such as modified inorganic gold

• nanoparticles [24][25], silica nanoparticles [26] or quantum dots [27][28]. These fluorescent nanoparticles fulfil some of the specific requirements and overcome disadvantages of common organic fluorescent dyes [29]. Especially silica nanoparticles have proven useful, since silicon chemistry provides a

Functional dependence of resonant harmonics on nanomechanical parameters in dynamic mode atomic force microscopy

• Federico Gramazio,
• Matteo Lorenzoni,
• Francesc Pérez-Murano,
• Enrique Rull Trinidad,
• Urs Staufer and
• Jordi Fraxedas

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 883–891, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.90

• a function of R obtained from commercial gold nanoparticles (5.5 ± 0.7 nm diameters) dispersed on a thin poly-lysine film grown on mica. From the figure we can observe the increase of A6 for increasing R values. Dependence of the amplitude of the 6th harmonic on bulk modulus Figure 6 shows the

• Information File 86: Simulated evolution of the phase of the 6th harmonic as a function of tip radius. Correlation between the amplitude of the 6th harmonic and the tip radius obtained from gold nanoparticles dispersed on mica. Simulated evolution of the amplitude of the 6th harmonic as a function of the z

Selective detection of Mg²⁺ ions via enhanced fluorescence emission using Au–DNA nanocomposites

• Tanushree Basu,
• Khyati Rana,
• Niranjan Das and
• Bonamali Pal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 762–771, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.79

• with the data obtained from literature, they show the change in position of the AuNSs and AuNRs [32]. Figure 5 clearly shows the even distribution of gold nanoparticles in the solution. The AFM images in Figure 5a show the distribution of AuNSs on the silicon wafer which indicates the proper dispersion

• phosphate buffer) was added to the above solution and again incubated at room temperature for 1 h to cleave the disulfide bonds formed by the oligonucleotides upon addition of MPA. DNA functionalized gold nanoparticles were then washed twice by centrifugation (13,000 rpm, 15 min) to remove all unbound

Comparison of four methods for the biofunctionalization of gold nanorods by the introduction of sulfhydryl groups to antibodies

• Xuefeng Wang,
• Zhong Mei,
• Yanyan Wang and
• Liang Tang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 372–380, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.39

• modified GNRs through an EDC/NHS coupling reaction [15][16]. Nevertheless, this ligand exchange method easily causes aggregation of GNRs because the amino and carboxyl groups of biomolecules can cross-link well with gold nanoparticles. Thus, an effective method should be developed to functionalize GNRs for

• ]. Apart from Traut’s reagent, several different methods, such as DTT reduction, can be applied to anchor thiol groups into antibodies. DTT can partially reduce the disulfide bonds of the IgG antibody in the hinge region, and the resulting thiol groups can bind biomolecules to gold nanoparticles. Therefore

• dithiolaromatic PEG6-CONHNH2 by specifically reacting with the carbohydrate moiety in the Fc portion of the antibody can direct the conjugating orientation. The compound has a hydrazide and dithiol group at opposite ends, which react with aldylated antibodies by NaIO4 modification and gold nanoparticles via Au–S

Comparison of four functionalization methods of gold nanoparticles for enhancing the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)

• Paula Ciaurriz,
• Fátima Fernández,
• Edurne Tellechea,
• Jose F. Moran and
• Aaron C. Asensio

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 244–253, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.27

• functionalization for ELISA enhancement. In this work, we use 20 nm gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) as a vehicle for secondary antibodies and peroxidase (HRP). The design of experiments technique (DOE) and four different methods for biomolecule loading were compared using a rabbit IgG/goat anti-rabbit IgG ELISA model

• protein by functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes was observed by Zhang et al. [7]. However, the most significant improvements in signal have been rendered by gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), presenting promising unique chemical and physical properties, as well as biological compatibility [5][14][15

Microfluidic setup for on-line SERS monitoring using laser induced nanoparticle spots as SERS active substrate

• Oana-M. Buja,
• Ovidiu D. Gordan,
• Nicolae Leopold,
• Andreas Morschhauser,
• Jörg Nestler and
• Dietrich R. T. Zahn

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 237–243, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.26

• of residues of malachite green (MG) using surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is reported. The SERS active substrate was prepared via laser induced synthesis of silver or gold nanoparticles spot on the bottom of a 200 μm inner dimension glass capillary, by focusing the laser beam during a

• substrate. Keywords: gold nanoparticles; malachite green; microfluidic setup; SERS; silver nanoparticles; Introduction Over the past decade special attention has been given to the investigation of hazardous environmental chemicals with impact on human health [1][2][3][4]. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering

• efficacy and residues of MG in farmed fish from several countries were reported [22][23]. Results and Discussion The SERS detection approach consisted in two sequential processes, both performed in situ: the synthesis of the SERS active spot, formed by silver or gold nanoparticles, followed by SERS

Influence of hydrofluoric acid treatment on electroless deposition of Au clusters

• Rachela G. Milazzo,
• Antonio M. Mio,
• Giuseppe D’Arrigo,
• Emanuele Smecca,
• Alessandra Alberti,
• Gabriele Fisichella,
• Filippo Giannazzo,
• Corrado Spinella and
• Emanuele Rimini

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 183–189, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.19

• Astronomy, v. S. Sofia 64, I-95123, Catania, Italy 10.3762/bjnano.8.19 Abstract The morphology of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) deposited on a (100) silicon wafer by simple immersion in a solution containing a metal salt and hydrofluoric acid (HF) is altered by HF treatment both before and after deposition

• nanoparticle arrays and to improve the conversion efficiency of hybrid photovoltaic devices. Keywords: electroless deposition; galvanic deposition; gold nanoparticles; HF acid treatment; HF-propelled motion; hydrogen termination; silicon surfaces; Introduction Gold nanoparticles on silicon substrates have

• gold nanoparticles depends on their geometry and it is higher for well-shaped spherical particles than for flat islands [22]. Generally, an additional postdeposition annealing step is usually required to improve the spectral response. In our previous study on the GD of Au+ ions onto silicon substrates

Streptavidin-coated gold nanoparticles: critical role of oligonucleotides on stability and fractal aggregation

• Roberta D'Agata,
• Pasquale Palladino and
• Giuseppe Spoto

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1–11, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.1

• Andrea Doria 6, I-95125, Catania, Italy 10.3762/bjnano.8.1 Abstract Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) exhibit unique properties that can be modulated through a tailored surface functionalization, enabling their targeted use in biochemical sensing and medical diagnostics. In particular, streptavidin-modified

• thorough understanding of the fundamental properties of bioconjugated AuNPs is of great importance for the design of highly sensitive and reliable functionalized AuNP-based assays. Keywords: biosensors; DNA; gold nanoparticles; nanoparticles aggregation; plasmonics; streptavidin; Introduction Gold

• colloids have been the focus of research for many decades because of their intriguing electronic and optical properties, depending on the size and shape of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) [1], which support several biomedical and pharmaceutical applications [2]. The functionalization of AuNPs with biologically

Solvent-mediated conductance increase of dodecanethiol-stabilized gold nanoparticle monolayers

• Patrick A. Reissner,
• Jean-Nicolas Tisserant,
• Antoni Sánchez-Ferrer,
• Raffaele Mezzenga and
• Andreas Stemmer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 2057–2064, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.196

• networks; Self-assembly; Introduction Ordered gold nanoparticle monolayers are increasingly applied as templates for molecular resistor networks [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. Gold nanoparticles serve as conducting nodes and different molecules can bind to the gold nanoparticle using anchoring groups such as

• further depends on the percolation of charge carriers [11][12]. Initially, gold nanoparticles are typically stabilized by alkanethiol ligands, which are poor conductors. As reported, the conductivity of nanoparticle networks can be increased by immersing the substrate with the nanoparticle monolayer in a

• alone can induce a structural transition responsible for a large portion of the observed increase in conductivity of micro-contact printed self-assembled gold nanoparticle monolayers. Results and Discussion Gold nanoparticles with an average diameter of 10.6 nm measured by small-angle X-ray scattering

A novel electrochemical nanobiosensor for the ultrasensitive and specific detection of femtomolar-level gastric cancer biomarker miRNA-106a

• Maryam Daneshpour,
• Kobra Omidfar and
• Hossein Ghanbarian

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 2023–2036, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.193

• miRNA were confirmed by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) methods. Differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) was used for quantitative evaluation of miR-106a via recording the reduction peak current of gold nanoparticles. The electrochemical signal had a linear

• electrochemical characteristics, high surface-to-volume ratio, remarkable surface energy, and great biocompatibility, gold nanoparticles have been one of the most common choices for labeling in electrochemical biosensors [35]. In the present study, we fabricated a simple, sensitive, and specific electrochemical

Effect of Anderson localization on light emission from gold nanoparticle aggregates

• Mohamed H. Abdellatif,
• Marco Salerno,
• Gaser N. Abdelrasoul,
• Ioannis Liakos,
• Alice Scarpellini,
• Sergio Marras and
• Alberto Diaspro

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 2013–2022, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.192

• size and shape of the nanostructured system. In this work, we studied the photoluminescence dependence of aggregates of 14 nm diameter gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) synthesized by drop-casting a liquid suspension on two different substrates of glass and quartz. The AuNP aggregates were characterized by

• strong optical nonlinearity, which brings in many opportunities for useful applications. For example, the third order nonlinear susceptibility χ(3) of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) (χ(3) < 1 nm2V−2) [13] is three orders of magnitude higher than that of nonlinear crystals such as potassium di-hydrogen

Layered composites of PEDOT/PSS/nanoparticles and PEDOT/PSS/phthalocyanines as electron mediators for sensors and biosensors

• Celia García-Hernández,
• Cristina García-Cabezón,
• Fernando Martín-Pedrosa,
• José Antonio De Saja and
• María Luz Rodríguez-Méndez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1948–1959, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.186

• electrodes chemically modified with PEDOT/PSS towards catechol and hydroquinone sensing have been successfully improved by combining layers of PEDOT/PSS with layers of a secondary electrocatalytic material such as gold nanoparticles (PEDOT/PSS/AuNPs), copper phthalocyanine (PEDOT/PSS/CuPc) or lutetium

• EMs, three different materials with different characteristics and electrocatalytic activity towards phenols were tested, including gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), a copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) (a p-type semiconductor) and a lutetium bisphthalocyanine (LuPc2) (a sandwich-type derivative with free radical

• electron mediators to facilitate the transfer of electrons from the enzyme to the electrode [20]. PEDOT/PSS is becoming popular as an electron mediator in biosensing [21][22]. Gold nanoparticles and phthalocyanines have also been positively demonstrated as electron mediators in tyrosinase biosensors [16

Functionalized platinum nanoparticles with surface charge trigged by pH: synthesis, characterization and stability studies

• Giovanna Testa,
• Laura Fontana,
• Iole Venditti and
• Ilaria Fratoddi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1822–1828, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.175

• colloidal stability; hydrophobic or hydrophilic thiol-based ligands have been deeply exploited [14][15]. Among others, 2-diethylaminoethanethiol hydrochloride (DEA) has been used as a stabilizing thiol for gold nanoparticles used for the immobilization of lipase [16]. Among others, hydrothermal and

Monolayer graphene/SiC Schottky barrier diodes with improved barrier height uniformity as a sensing platform for the detection of heavy metals

• Ivan Shtepliuk,
• Jens Eriksson,
• Volodymyr Khranovskyy,
• Tihomir Iakimov,
• Anita Lloyd Spetz and
• Rositsa Yakimova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1800–1814, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.173

• with functionalized gold nanoparticles and DNA for detecting mercury ions in aqueous solution was also demonstrated [19][22]. It has to be pointed out that graphene loses part of its exotic properties after oxidation, thereby degrading its intrinsically high sensing capability. Furthermore, according

Surface-enhanced infrared absorption studies towards a new optical biosensor

• Lothar Leidner,
• Julia Stäb,
• Jennifer T. Adam and
• Günter Gauglitz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1736–1742, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.166

• to signal enhancement is demonstrated by the surface-enhanced infrared attenuated infrared total reflection (SEIRA-ATR) set-up used by López-Lorente and co-workers [13]. Gold nanoparticles were directly synthesized within a liquid cell of an ATR unit and deposited on the surface of the ATR waveguide

Nano- and microstructured materials for in vitro studies of the physiology of vascular cells

• Alexandra M. Greiner,
• Adria Sales,
• Hao Chen,
• Sarah A. Biela,
• Dieter Kaufmann and
• Ralf Kemkemer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1620–1641, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.155

• on nanopatterned ECM-mimicking surfaces was evaluated [251]. For this, the authors applied an array of biofunctionalized gold nanostructures. The gold nanoparticles on these surfaces have a diameter of 8 nm and had interparticle spacings of 40 nm or 90 nm and were conjugated with a RGD-peptide or a

Photothermal effect of gold nanostar patterns inkjet-printed on coated paper substrates with different permeability

• Mykola Borzenkov,
• Anni Määttänen,
• Petri Ihalainen,
• Maddalena Collini,
• Elisa Cabrini,
• Giacomo Dacarro,
• Piersandro Pallavicini and
• Giuseppe Chirico

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1480–1485, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.140

• Chemistry, Center of Functional Materials, Åbo Academi University, Porthaninkatu 3-5, 20500, Turku, Finland Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, viale Taramelli 12, 27100, Pavia, Italy 10.3762/bjnano.7.140 Abstract Inkjet printing of spherical gold nanoparticles is widely applied in the

• fabrication of analytical and diagnostics tools. These methods could be extended to non-spherical gold nanoparticles that can efficiently release heat locally when irradiated in the near infrared (NIR) wavelength region, due to localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR). However, this promising application

• of gold nanoparticles in nanomedicine [8][9][10][11][12], and in the fabrication of a broad spectrum of printed diagnostic and analytical tools [13][14][15]. Gold nanoparticles have also large extinction cross-sections in the range of 700–1100 nm (known as the bio-transparent window) because of

Electric field induced structural colour tuning of a silver/titanium dioxide nanoparticle one-dimensional photonic crystal

• Eduardo Aluicio-Sarduy,
• Simone Callegari,
• Diana Gisell Figueroa del Valle,
• Andrea Desii,
• Ilka Kriegel and
• Francesco Scotognella

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1404–1410, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.131

• knowledge, has not been reported in the literature. However, plasmon peak tuning of gold nanoparticles with an electric field in an electrochemical cell has been recently shown [17], opening the way to a new strategy for electro-optical switches with metal nanostructures. In this paper we show experimental

• diameter). An exact evaluation would require a deeper analysis. Moreover, Brown et al. [17] showed that the electrochemical doping of gold nanoparticles in solution is, apart from a change in carrier density, accompanied by an increase in the surrounding medium refractive index. A change of the dielectric