Synthesis of metal-fluoride nanoparticles supported on thermally reduced graphite oxide

• Alexa Schmitz,
• Kai Schütte,
• Vesko Ilievski,
• Juri Barthel,
• Laura Burk,
• Rolf Mülhaupt,
• Junpei Yue,
• Bernd Smarsly and
• Christoph Janiak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2474–2483, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.247

• with sodium nitrate, potassium permanganate and sulfuric acid followed by thermal reduction through rapid heating under nitrogen to 300–1000 °C [5], yielding thermally reduced graphite oxide (TRGO) as a graphene-type material (Scheme S1, Supporting Information File 1) [6]. The thermal reduction results

Fabrication of CeO₂–MO_x (M = Cu, Co, Ni) composite yolk–shell nanospheres with enhanced catalytic properties for CO oxidation

• Ling Liu,
• Jingjing Shi,
• Hongxia Cao,
• Ruiyu Wang and
• Ziwu Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2425–2437, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.241

• nanostructures for a broad range of technical applications. Experimental Materials Cerium(III) nitrate hexahydrate (Ce(NO3)3·6H2O), concentrated nitric acid (HNO3, 68%), diethylene glycol (DEG), acetone, copper(II) acetate monohydrate (Cu(CH3COO)2·H2O), nickel(II) acetate tetrahydrate (Ni(CH3COO)2·4H2O), cobalt

Tailoring the nanoscale morphology of HKUST-1 thin films via codeposition and seeded growth

• Landon J. Brower,
• Lauren K. Gentry,
• Amanda L. Napier and
• Mary E. Anderson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2307–2314, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.230

• , MO, USA). The DMSO was purged with nitrogen and passed through columns of molecular sieves. Copper(II) nitrate hemi(pentahydrate) (ACS grade) and copper(II) acetate monohydrate were received from Fisher Scientific (Fair Lawn, NJ, USA). Absolute, anhydrous ethyl alcohol (200 proof, ACS/USP grade) was

• formed the foundational anchor for the framework. Once removed from solution, the sample was rinsed thoroughly with ethanol and dried with nitrogen gas. Codeposition SurMOF formation: The codeposition solution was prepared, consisting of 0.53 M copper nitrate and 0.27 M TMA in DMSO. This concentration

In situ controlled rapid growth of novel high activity TiB₂/(TiB₂–TiN) hierarchical/heterostructured nanocomposites

• Jilin Wang,
• Hejie Liao,
• Yuchun Ji,
• Fei Long,
• Yunle Gu,
• Zhengguang Zou,
• Weimin Wang and
• Zhengyi Fu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2116–2125, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.211

• reaction, while Equation 13 is an endothermic reaction. The standard enthalpies of Equation 12 and Equation 13 are calculated as −15.88 kJ/(g TiB2) and 5.89 kJ/(g TiB2), respectively. Besides, ammonium nitrate and nitrogen are applied as the nitrogen source. Finally, the whole reaction of B2O3/TiO2/Mg/KBH4

Synthesis and characterization of noble metal–titania core–shell nanostructures with tunable shell thickness

• Bartosz Bartosewicz,
• Marta Michalska-Domańska,
• Malwina Liszewska,
• Dariusz Zasada and
• Bartłomiej J. Jankiewicz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2083–2093, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.208

• the reduction of silver nitrate with hydroxylamine hydrochloride [50][51]. In both cases, relatively monodisperse spherical or quasi-spherical metal NPs with a mean particle diameter of around 100 nm were obtained (Table 1, Figure 1 and Figure S1, Supporting Information File 1). Initially, we also

• /w aq. soln.) and silver nitrate (99.9%) were purchased from Alfa Aesar. Ethanol (99.8%) and acetonitrile (99.5%) were purchased from Avantor Performance Materials Poland. Nitric acid (65% w/w aq. soln.), hydrofluoric acid (40% w/w aq. soln.) and sodium hydroxide (>99%) were purchased from Chempur

• aqueous solution of silver nitrate (1.1 mM) were stirred at room temperature. 10 mL of solution containing hydroxylamine hydrochloride (25 mM) and sodium hydroxide (0.1 w/w %) were added. The reaction was completed within a few seconds, which was indicated by a change of solution color to milky yellow. In

A systematic study of the controlled generation of crystalline iron oxide nanoparticles on graphene using a chemical etching process

• Peter Krauß,
• Jörg Engstler and
• Jörg J. Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2017–2025, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.202

• [12][13][30][38]. For transferring the graphene layer, the copper substrate is dissolved in a Faradaic reaction with aqueous etchants such as iron(III) chloride [25][28], iron(III) nitrate [22][23] or ammonium persulfate [26][27]. Though all of these etchants are suitable oxidizing agents for

Enhancement of mechanical and electrical properties of continuous-fiber-reinforced epoxy composites with stacked graphene

• Naum Naveh,
• Olga Shepelev and
• Samuel Kenig

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1909–1918, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.191

• exfoliating graphite treated by a mixture of H2SO4/HNO3/KMnO4 at a ratio of 1:9:3:0.44 over an immersing time of 150 min in formic acid [10]. Intercalation with 98% HNO3 followed by hydrolysis resulted in the the formation of graphite nitrate with negligible damage to the sp2 graphite lattice. An interlayer

Low-temperature CO oxidation over Cu/Pt co-doped ZrO₂ nanoparticles synthesized by solution combustion

• Amit Singhania and
• Shipra Mital Gupta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1546–1552, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.156

• . Experimental Material synthesis For solution combustion [20], 0.02 mol of metal nitrates (zirconyl nitrate, hexachloroplatinic acid, copper nitrate) and 0.10 mol of urea (fuel) were taken in a beaker with 10–15 mL deionized water and mixed properly. For the synthesis of Cu/Pt co-doped ZrO2 nanoparticles, the

Calcium fluoride based multifunctional nanoparticles for multimodal imaging

• Marion Straßer,
• Joachim H. X. Schrauth,
• Sofia Dembski,
• Daniel Haddad,
• Bernd Ahrens,
• Stefan Schweizer,
• Bastian Christ,
• Alevtina Cubukova,
• Marco Metzger,
• Heike Walles,
• Peter M. Jakob and
• Gerhard Sextl

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1484–1493, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.148

• CaF2:(Tb3+,Gd3+), which can be used as a multimodal CA for two different imaging methods and therefore allows for a more reliable, precise and time efficient diagnosis of diseases. Experimental Materials Calcium chloride (CaCl2, ≥95%), ammonium fluoride (NH4F, p.a.), terbium(III) nitrate pentahydrate

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy of cell lysates mixed with silver nanoparticles for tumor classification

• Mohamed Hassoun,
• Iwan W.Schie,
• Tatiana Tolstik,
• Sarmiza E. Stanca,
• Christoph Krafft and
• Juergen Popp

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1183–1190, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.120

• all approaches mentioned above: generation of droplets with single cells in a microfluidic chip, addition of cell lysis buffer, nanoparticles and activation salt, mixing of all solvents and collection of SERS spectra for classification. Experimental Nanoparticle preparation Silver nitrate (ACS reagent

• mM silver nitrate was added to a solution of 1.5 mM hydroxylamine hydrochloride and 3 mM sodium hydroxide. The whole mixture was stirred during the addition of the silver nitrate. As a sign of a successful preparation the color of the solution changed from grey to yellow. The silver colloids were

Preparation of thick silica coatings on carbon fibers with fine-structured silica nanotubes induced by a self-assembly process

• Benjamin Baumgärtner,
• Hendrik Möller,
• Thomas Neumann and
• Dirk Volkmer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1145–1155, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.116

• of metal-ions containing LPEI aggregates, the water phase of the aqueous LPEI suspension was substituted by a copper nitrate solution and a calcium nitrate solution, respectively. The ratio between the metal ion and the ethylenimine monomer unit was set to 1:30. Modification of carbon fiber surfaces

• mediated by LPEI (inset: surface patterning of the neat carbon fiber) and b) close-up image of a silica shell fragment. Scanning electron micrographs of mineralized LPEI aggregates modified by copper nitrate addition, a) disk-like morphology of a complete particle, b) close-up image of the linear

• nanostructures. Scanning electron micrograph of mineralized LPEI aggregates modified by calcium nitrate addition. Scanning electron micrographs of carbon fibers coated with a silica shell mediated by LPEI with addition of a) copper(II) and b) calcium(II) nitrate (inset: fine-structure for copper addition

High photocatalytic activity of Fe₂O₃/TiO₂ nanocomposites prepared by photodeposition for degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid

• Shu Chin Lee,
• Hendrik O. Lintang and
• Leny Yuliati

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 915–926, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.93

• /TiO2 catalysts without heat treatment at ambient conditions. Using iron(III) nitrate nonahydrate as the precursor, active and stable Fe2O3/TiO2 was successfully prepared via photodeposition [15]. However, the actual amount of iron precursor in the prepared Fe2O3/TiO2 was much lower than that added. In

• activity. The formation of Fe2O3 was in good agreement with other reported photodeposition methods when using a different iron precursor, Fe(III) nitrate nonahydrate [15]. Due to the oxidative condition during the synthesis process, the Fe(III) acetylacetonate precursor could be decomposed to Fe2O3 such as

• to improve the photocatalytic activity of TiO2 for degradation of 2,4-D. The Fe2O3(0.5)/TiO2(PD) showed a 2,4-D degradation of 18%, which was three times higher than the unmodified TiO2 (NT). Such enhanced performance was only slightly higher than that reported when using a Fe(III) nitrate

Selective detection of Mg²⁺ ions via enhanced fluorescence emission using Au–DNA nanocomposites

• Tanushree Basu,
• Khyati Rana,
• Niranjan Das and
• Bonamali Pal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 762–771, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.79

• bromide (CTAB) and DL-dithiothreitol solution (DTT) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich. Sodium borohydride (NaBH4) and silver nitrate (AgNO3) were purchased from Rankem and Fisher Scientific, respectively. Chloroauric acid (HAuCl4·H2O), ascorbic acid, mercaptopropionic acid (MPA) and magnesium acetate (Mg

α-((4-Cyanobenzoyl)oxy)-ω-methyl poly(ethylene glycol): a new stabilizer for silver nanoparticles

• Jana Lutze,
• Miguel A. Bañares,
• Marcos Pita,
• Andrea Haase,
• Andreas Luch and
• Andreas Taubert

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 627–635, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.67

• -ascorbic acid (≥99%, Roth), N,N’-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (99%, Aldrich), poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether (Mn = 4830 g·mol−1, Aldrich), silver nitrate (≥99%, Sigma-Aldrich), sodium hydroxide (>99%, Roth), and trisodium citrate dihydrate (99.7%, Merck) were used as received. Water with a resistivity of

• 0.5 M sodium hydroxide solution. The mixture was heated to 30 °C and a silver nitrate solution (0.1 M, 80 µL, 8.0 µmol) was added under vigorous stirring. After ten minutes stirring at room temperature the mixture was refluxed for two hours, resulting in an orange dispersion, which was allowed to cool

• to a scissoring NO2 vibration, likely from nitrate anions adsorbed on the SNP surface [47]. It must be noted here that at an excitation wavelength of 514.5 nm, the surface enhancement effect is less pronounced than at other wavelengths, but nevertheless is an established approach [48][49][50][51][52

The longstanding challenge of the nanocrystallization of 1,3,5-trinitroperhydro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX)

• Florent Pessina and
• Denis Spitzer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 452–466, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.49

• deposition of ammonium nitrate (AN), RDX and a composite AN–RDX was performed on a cooled quartz substrate. The mean particle diameter was directly measured from atomic force microscopy (AFM): a diameter of 50 nm was obtained for the three materials, even after processing the nanopowder (removal from the

Study of the surface properties of ZnO nanocolumns used for thin-film solar cells

• Neda Neykova,
• Jiri Stuchlik,
• Karel Hruska,
• Ales Poruba,
• Zdenek Remes and
• Ognen Pop-Georgievski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 446–451, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.48

• flow. The hydrothermal growth of ZnO nanocolumns was performed from an equimolar aqueous solution of 25 mmol zinc nitrate hexahydrate (Zn(NO3)2·6H2O) and hexamethylenetetramine ((CH2)6N4) in an aqueous bath at 90 °C for 3 h [15][23]. During the nanocolumns growth, the substrate was mounted upside-down

Uptake of the proteins HTRA1 and HTRA2 by cells mediated by calcium phosphate nanoparticles

• Olga Rotan,
• Katharina N. Severin,
• Simon Pöpsel,
• Alexander Peetsch,
• Melisa Merdanovic,
• Michael Ehrmann and
• Matthias Epple

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 381–393, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.40

• described in the following, according to synthetic procedures described previously [7][46]. Aqueous solutions of calcium nitrate (6.25 mM; Merck p.a.) and diammonium hydrogen phosphate (3.74 mM; Merck p.a.) were rapidly mixed by pumping them into a glass vessel with a peristaltic pump. The pH of both

Comparison of four methods for the biofunctionalization of gold nanorods by the introduction of sulfhydryl groups to antibodies

• Xuefeng Wang,
• Zhong Mei,
• Yanyan Wang and
• Liang Tang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 372–380, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.39

• trihydrate (HAuCl4·3H2O; 99%), cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), sodium borohydride (NaBH4; 99%), silver nitrate (AgNO3; 99%), L-ascorbic acid (AA), 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimidehydrochloride (EDC), sodium oleate (NaOL; >97%), hydrochloric acid (HCl, 37%), (3-mercaptopropyl

Performance of natural-dye-sensitized solar cells by ZnO nanorod and nanowall enhanced photoelectrodes

• Saif Saadaoui,
• Mohamed Aziz Ben Youssef,
• Moufida Ben Karoui,
• Rached Gharbi,
• Emanuele Smecca,
• Vincenzina Strano,
• Salvo Mirabella,
• Alessandra Alberti and
• Rosaria A. Puglisi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 287–295, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.31

• the CBD bath [8][22] by mixing two solutions: a 100 mL solution of variable hexamethylenetetramine (HMTA) concentration in deionized (DI) water was well stirred and preheated at 90 °C. Then, it was added to a 100 mL solution of zinc nitrate hexahydrate in DI water. The zinc nitrate concentration in

Nanocrystalline ZrO₂ and Pt-doped ZrO₂ catalysts for low-temperature CO oxidation

• Amit Singhania and
• Shipra Mital Gupta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 264–271, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.29

• industrial applications. The above method involves combustion of an aqueous solution of metal nitrates and a fuel (glycine [32], citric acid [33], sucrose [4] and hexamethylenetetramine [34]). The combustion reaction is an exothermic redox reaction that takes place between metal nitrate and the fuel

• the used chemicals for the synthesis purpose were used as such with no further purification. Zirconyl nitrate hexahydrate (Fischer Scientific), hexachloroplatinic acid hexahydrate (Alfa Aesar), and urea (Merck) were used as Zr, Pt precursors and fuel. The ZrO2 nanoparticles were prepared by solution

• combustion. For the synthesis of ZrO2 nanoparticles, a small amount of deionized water (10–15 mL) was added to a mixture zirconyl nitrate and urea. The ratio of zirconyl nitrate and urea was maintained at 5:1. The mixture of zirconyl nitrate, urea and deionized water was stirred vigorously which resulted

Microfluidic setup for on-line SERS monitoring using laser induced nanoparticle spots as SERS active substrate

• Oana-M. Buja,
• Ovidiu D. Gordan,
• Nicolae Leopold,
• Andreas Morschhauser,
• Jörg Nestler and
• Dietrich R. T. Zahn

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 237–243, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.26

• continuous flow of a mixture of silver nitrate or gold chloride and sodium citrate. The described microfluidic setup enables within a few minutes the monitoring of several processes: the synthesis of the SERS active spot, MG adsorption to the metal surface, detection of the analyte when saturation of the

• detection of the analyte, as shown schematically in Figure 1a. SERS monitoring of MG adsorbed on silver nanoparticle spots The synthesis of the SERS active silver nanoparticles spot was carried out by laser-induced spot synthesis [24] inside the glass capillary. The silver nitrate and sodium citrate

• beam (λ = 514.7 nm) on 5 μL of silver/citrate mixture for 60 s. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image was obtained with a FEI NovaNanoSEM 200 scanning electron microscope with a working distance of 5.9 mm. The following chemical reagents were used: silver nitrate (Alfa Aesar), hydrogen

Intercalation and structural aspects of macroRAFT agents into MgAl layered double hydroxides

• Dessislava Kostadinova,
• Ana Cenacchi Pereira,
• Muriel Lansalot,
• Franck D’Agosto,
• Elodie Bourgeat-Lami,
• Fabrice Leroux,
• Christine Taviot-Guého,
• Sylvian Cadars and
• Vanessa Prevot

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 2000–2012, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.191

• a basal spacing of 0.85 nm, a net shift of the 00l harmonic reflections to lower values of 2θ below 20° was observed for the LDH-macroRAFT compounds, which is consistent with the replacement of nitrate ions by larger anionic species ensuring the layer surface charge neutralization. For PAA49-CTPPA

• intensity decrease of the nitrate vibration band at 1350 cm−1 (Figure 4), and the increasing intensities of new vibrations in both the 2961–2877 cm−1 region (νCH3, νCH2, νCH) and the 1750–1150 cm−1 region (νC–O, νC=O). For the PAA49-CTPPA-intercalated LDH, the shift of the OH vibration band at 3346 cm−1 in

• comparison with the precursor phase could traduce a modification of the hydrogen bond network in the interlayer domain due to macroRAFT polymer intercalation evidenced by the presence of the typical vibration of the carboxylate (νas and νs). In the case of P(AA-stat-BA)-CTPPA copolymers, the nitrate

Controlled supramolecular structure of guanosine monophosphate in the interlayer space of layered double hydroxide

• Gyeong-Hyeon Gwak,
• Istvan Kocsis,
• Yves-Marie Legrand,
• Mihail Barboiu and
• Jae-Min Oh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1928–1935, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.184

• . Experimental Materials Magnesium nitrate hexahydrate (Mg(NO3)2·6H2O) and aluminum nitrate nonahydrate (Al(NO3)3·9H2O) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, USA). Guanosine 5'-monophosphate disodium salt hydrate (C10H12N5Na2O8P·xH2O) was purchased from Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. (Tokyo, Japan

In situ formation of reduced graphene oxide structures in ceria by combined sol–gel and solvothermal processing

• Jingxia Yang,
• Johannes Ofner,
• Bernhard Lendl and
• Ulrich Schubert

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1815–1821, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.174

• observed in the Raman spectra (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S1) when (1) H2O was used instead of EtOH for solvothermal treatment or (2) cerium ammonium nitrate (NH4)2[Ce(NO3)6] was used as precursor instead of cerium tert-butoxide (identical preparation conditions in all cases). We did not check

Role of RGO support and irradiation source on the photocatalytic activity of CdS–ZnO semiconductor nanostructures

• Suneel Kumar,
• Rahul Sharma,
• Vipul Sharma,
• Gurunarayanan Harith,
• Vaidyanathan Sivakumar and
• Venkata Krishnan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1684–1697, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.161

• support and irradiation source on the photocatalytic activity of CdS–ZnO nanostructures has been elucidated. Experimental Materials For the synthesis of GO graphite powder (crystalline, −300 mesh, 99%) was purchased from Alfa Aesar, whereas sodium nitrate (NaNO3), sulfuric acid (H2SO4), potassium