Ultrasonication-assisted synthesis of CsPbBr₃ and Cs₄PbBr₆ perovskite nanocrystals and their reversible transformation

• Longshi Rao,
• Xinrui Ding,
• Xuewei Du,
• Guanwei Liang,
• Yong Tang,
• Kairui Tang and
• Jin Z. Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 666–676, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.66

• transformation into Cs4PbBr6 PNCs. This process is related to Ostwald ripening that was found during the nucleation and growth of PNCs [42]. Therefore, the formation of Cs4PbBr6 PNCs is promoted by the capacity of the organic ligands to dissolve PbBr2 and by the dissociation of CsPbBr3 PNCs. A series of TEM

Hydrophilicity and carbon chain length effects on the gas sensing properties of chemoresistive, self-assembled monolayer carbon nanotube sensors

• Juan Casanova-Cháfer,
• Carla Bittencourt and
• Eduard Llobet

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 565–577, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.58

• oxygen plasma treatment. However, the presence of such defects in CNTs is essential, since it has been shown that they play the role of nucleation centers and help to anchor the Au nanoparticles during the sputtering process [36]. In other words, the defects help to achieve a dense and homogenous

• nucleation centers for the anchoring the Au NPs) was conducted using XPS. The chemical modification caused by the plasma treatment results in the presence of hydroxy, carbonyl and carboxyl groups [36]. Furthermore, Au nucleation centers occur mainly in the proximity of oxygenated defects created during the

• need to be subsequently decorated with Au nanoparticles. Oxygenated defects act as anchoring and nucleation sites. Therefore, high control in the decoration homogeneity and the size of Au nanoparticles (avoiding coalescence effects) have been reported in oxygen-plasma-treated CNTs [37]. Since

Direct observation of the CVD growth of monolayer MoS₂ using in situ optical spectroscopy

• Claudia Beatriz López-Posadas,
• Yaxu Wei,
• Wanfu Shen,
• Daniel Kahr,
• Michael Hohage and
• Lidong Sun

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 557–564, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.57

• and have inspired many theoretical discussions about the growth mechanisms, they were still unable to provide a clear path to the full understanding of the growth mechanisms [10][15][16][17][18][19]. Several recent efforts aiming at manipulating the nucleation and growth of 2D TMDCs have successfully

• the morphology and crystalline structure of the films. By systematic study using in situ optical spectroscopy assisted with other ex situ characterization techniques, the details of the kinetics including adsorption, dissociation, reaction, nucleation, and growth can be revealed. Differential

Ceria/polymer nanocontainers for high-performance encapsulation of fluorophores

• Kartheek Katta,
• Dmitry Busko,
• Yuri Avlasevich,
• Katharina Landfester,
• Stanislav Baluschev and
• Rafael Muñoz-Espí

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 522–530, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.53

• group [10][12]. The regular arrangement of functional groups on the nanocapsule surface can provide nucleation and structure-directing centers for the controlled crystallization of metal-oxide particles. We have chosen cerium(IV) oxide nanoparticles to be deposited on the nanocapsule surface in order to

Polymorphic self-assembly of pyrazine-based tectons at the solution–solid interface

• Achintya Jana,
• Puneet Mishra and
• Neeladri Das

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 494–499, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.50

• between thermodynamic and kinetic effects. During the growth process, kinetic parameters such as nucleation rates and growth rates for each polymorph play a crucial role in determining the arrangement of the molecules on the surface [27]. Non-equilibrium polymorphs can form on the surface provided they

• have faster nucleation or growth rate than the equilibrium structure. Typically such phases are promoted by stronger intermolecular interactions [28]. Availability of additional hydrogen-bonding sites, as discussed previously, thus favors faster nucleation and growth of polymorph II. Once such

Advanced scanning probe lithography using anatase-to-rutile transition to create localized TiO₂ nanorods

• Julian Kalb,
• Vanessa Knittel and
• Lukas Schmidt-Mende

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 412–418, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.40

• anatase film. In addition, silicon nanoparticles being scraped off the AFM tip might act as nucleation sites such as other dirt particles appearing in the growth solution. However, the absence of nanorods on SiO2 indicates that the growth of rutile nanorods is not triggered by silicon nanoparticles. It

Sub-wavelength waveguide properties of 1D and surface-functionalized SnO₂ nanostructures of various morphologies

• Venkataramana Bonu,
• Binaya Kumar Sahu,
• Arindam Das,
• Sankarakumar Amirthapandian,
• Sandip Dhara and
• Harish C. Barshilia

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 379–388, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.37

• thermodynamically by considering the Gibbs energy as a measure of structural phase transformation [8]. During VLS growth, the formation of nucleation from the saturated catalyst (Au) is the important step for the shape and structure. As reported earlier, the difference in the Gibbs energy promotes the phase

• transition between two competing phases at the nucleation stage itself and is found to control square and cylindrical shapes [8]. Considering a rectangular shape nucleus for square-shaped NWs (Figure 5a) and a circular-shaped nucleus for cylindrical NWs (Figure 5b), the difference in Gibbs free energy can be

• appropriate value it can be shown that = 2.48 ≈ 1.24(2). After nucleation, a continuous supply of precursor led to axial as well as radial growth. Kwon et al. [21] has shown that axial growth is more favorable than the radial growth and the growth continues until the aspect ratio reaches its limit. However

A Ni(OH)₂ nanopetals network for high-performance supercapacitors synthesized by immersing Ni nanofoam in water

• Donghui Zheng,
• Man Li,
• Yongyan Li,
• Chunling Qin,
• Yichao Wang and
• Zhifeng Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 281–293, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.27

• flower-like structures may arise from nucleation and coalescence processes [32]. The thickness of the nanopetals rises with immersion time from 0.5 μm (inset of Figure 2b) over 1.0 μm (inset of Figure 2c) to 1.5 μm (inset of Figure 2c). We can see from Figure 2f–h that the curly Ni(OH)2 nanopetals

Site-specific growth of oriented ZnO nanocrystal arrays

• Rekha Bai,
• Dinesh K. Pandya,
• Sujeet Chaudhary,
• Veer Dhaka,
• Vladislav Khayrudinov,
• Jori Lemettinen,
• Christoffer Kauppinen and
• Harri Lipsanen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 274–280, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.26

• electrodeposition technique. Further, vertically aligned periodic nanocrystal (NC) growth is engineered at predefined positions on polymer-coated ITO substrates patterned with ordered pores. The vertical alignment of ZnO NCs along the c-axis is achieved via ion-by-ion nucleation-controlled growth for patterned

• ; growth kinetics; nanocrystals; nucleation; twinning; zinc oxide; Introduction Metal oxide semiconductor nanostructures are quite interesting not only in terms of the basic growth mechanism involved in their fabrication, but also due to the large number of applications based on them in the field of

• of a patterned pore size in controlling the growth of array vs branched ZnO NCs is shown. A mechanism based on the nucleation and growth is proposed to understand the oriented/branched twin ZnO NC morphologies. Experimental Growth of ZnO nanocrystals An electrodeposition technique was employed to

Relation between thickness, crystallite size and magnetoresistance of nanostructured La_1−xSr_xMn_yO_3±δ films for magnetic field sensors

• Rasuole Lukose,
• Valentina Plausinaitiene,
• Milita Vagner,
• Nerija Zurauskiene,
• Skirmantas Kersulis,
• Virgaudas Kubilius,
• Karolis Motiejuitis,
• Birute Knasiene,
• Voitech Stankevic,
• Zita Saltyte,
• Martynas Skapas,
• Algirdas Selskis and
• Evaldas Naujalis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 256–261, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.24

• deposition temperature influences the magnetic properties of the films [17]. The increase of the deposition rate also results in changes in the crystallite dimensions, leading to a higher number of nucleation sites [18]. In our research, the pulsed-injection metal organic chemical vapour deposition (PI-MOCVD

• ) [19][20] was used to enable easy and reproducible control of the growth rate and nucleation site density by introducing the additional supply source of the precursor solution to the reaction chamber. The novelty of our investigations concerns the growth of La1−xSrxMnyO3±δ (LSMO) films on ceramic Al2O3

Raman study of flash-lamp annealed aqueous Cu₂ZnSnS₄ nanocrystals

• Yevhenii Havryliuk,
• Oleksandr Selyshchev,
• Mykhailo Valakh,
• Alexandra Raevskaya,
• Oleksandr Stroyuk,
• Constance Schmidt,
• Volodymyr Dzhagan and
• Dietrich R. T. Zahn

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 222–227, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.20

• probable nucleation of secondary phases as described in more detail in the following discussion. In a separate detailed investigation of the influence of film deposition and drying conditions on the formation of secondary phases we found the optimum substrate and environment for significantly reducing the

pH-mediated control over the mesostructure of ordered mesoporous materials templated by polyion complex micelles

• Emilie Molina,
• Mélody Mathonnat,
• Jason Richard,
• Patrick Lacroix-Desmazes,
• Martin In,
• Philippe Dieudonné,
• Thomas Cacciaguerra,
• Corine Gérardin and
• Nathalie Marcotte

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 144–156, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.14

• surfactants [38][39] as SDA of silica; it was ascribed to an increase of the polycondensation rate of silicic species with pH favoring fast nucleation of small flocs of surfactant and silica [40]. As emphasized by Berggren and Palmqvist [35], these small flocs further grow until reaching a final size that

Threshold voltage decrease in a thermotropic nematic liquid crystal doped with graphene oxide flakes

• Mateusz Mrukiewicz,
• Krystian Kowiorski,
• Paweł Perkowski,
• Rafał Mazur and
• Małgorzata Djas

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 71–78, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.7

• the phase transition temperature TI-N, the transmission of light starts to increase due to the nucleation of the nematic phase (bright state). In the experiment, the clearing temperature of the pure 5CB (33.0 °C) was 2 °C below that of previous reports [34][36]. The effect of the lower TI-N is related

Femtosecond laser-assisted fabrication of chalcopyrite micro-concentrator photovoltaics

• Franziska Ringleb,
• Stefan Andree,
• Berit Heidmann,
• Jörn Bonse,
• Katharina Eylers,
• Owen Ernst,
• Torsten Boeck,
• Martina Schmid and
• Jörg Krüger

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 3025–3038, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.281

• enhance the efficiency of planar-cell technologies while saving absorber material. Here, two laser-based bottom-up processes for the fabrication of regular arrays of CuInSe2 and Cu(In,Ga)Se2 microabsorber islands are presented, namely one approach based on nucleation and one based on laser-induced forward

• and opportunities of the novel approaches to realize this cell concept. The first approach for microabsorber fabrication summarized here is based on the growth of metallic precursors (indium islands) on laser-structured substrates (molybdenum on glass) by means of physical vapor deposition (nucleation

• thus summed up in a following joint part, which deals with the characterization of the resulting cells under different lighting conditions. Fabrication of metallic precursors Nucleation approach The nucleation approach is based on the arrangement of metallic precursors by island growth on laser

Hydrogen-induced plasticity in nanoporous palladium

• Markus Gößler,
• Eva-Maria Steyskal,
• Markus Stütz,
• Norbert Enzinger and
• Roland Würschum

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 3013–3024, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.280

• desorption the PdHβ-to-PdHα transition follows a classical nucleation-and-growth mechanism, i.e., the α-phase forms nuclei in the β-matrix that begin to grow [37]. During the hydride phase transition lattice constants of both phases may differ from their equilibrium values, which are quoted in the

• -phase in the PdHβ-matrix, as a bulk compression by the PdHβ-phase can also affect the PdHα-nuclei, provided they have the lower volume fraction. Nucleation of the PdHα on the sample surface attenuates the compressive effect by PdHβ, compared to nuclei surrounded by the β-phase. Overshooting behaviour is

Layered calcium phenylphosphonate: a hybrid material for a new generation of nanofillers

• Kateřina Kopecká,
• Ludvík Beneš,
• Klára Melánová,
• Vítězslav Zima,
• Petr Knotek and
• Kateřina Zetková

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2906–2915, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.269

• as nucleation centers; however, these methods were not successful. Although the shape of the particles differs minimally as they are rod-shaped in each case, the thickness of the individual lamellas differs significantly with the selected procedure, as was confirmed by the atomic force microscopy

Site-controlled formation of single Si nanocrystals in a buried SiO₂ matrix using ion beam mixing

• Xiaomo Xu,
• Thomas Prüfer,
• Daniel Wolf,
• Hans-Jürgen Engelmann,
• Lothar Bischoff,
• René Hübner,
• Karl-Heinz Heinig,
• Wolfhard Möller,
• Stefan Facsko,
• Johannes von Borany and
• Gregor Hlawacek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2883–2892, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.267

• on the other hand leads to a concentration of the highly mixed volume in the center of the irradiated line and thus predefines the nucleation site of the NC near the position of the highest Si excess. The maximum mixing efficiency dM/dy in the buried oxide – in the center of the line – is

Comparative biological effects of spherical noble metal nanoparticles (Rh, Pd, Ag, Pt, Au) with 4–8 nm diameter

• Alexander Rostek,
• Marina Breisch,
• Kevin Pappert,
• Kateryna Loza,
• Marc Heggen,
• Manfred Köller,
• Christina Sengstock and
• Matthias Epple

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2763–2774, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.258

• noble metals has been described in the literature [54]. The shape-controlled synthesis of noble metal nanostructures can be achieved by different experimental procedures that aim to control nucleation, crystal growth, and finally, colloidal stabilization [55][56][57][58]. A very prominent method is the

Oriented zinc oxide nanorods: A novel saturable absorber for lasers in the near-infrared

• Pavel Loiko,
• Tanujjal Bora,
• Josep Maria Serres,
• Haohai Yu,
• Magdalena Aguiló,
• Francesc Díaz,
• Uwe Griebner,
• Valentin Petrov,
• Xavier Mateos and
• Joydeep Dutta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2730–2740, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.255

• a hydrothermal process [43]. A ZnO seed layer was initially deposited on cleaned glass slides by spraying 5 mM zinc acetate dehydrate solution in ethanol at 350 °C. The role of this seed layer was to provide nucleation sites for the subsequent growth of ZnO NRs. The seeded substrates were then

Optimization of Mo/Cr bilayer back contacts for thin-film solar cells

• Nima Khoshsirat,
• Fawad Ali,
• Vincent Tiing Tiong,
• Mojtaba Amjadipour,
• Hongxia Wang,
• Mahnaz Shafiei and
• Nunzio Motta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2700–2707, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.252

• such as glass or stainless steel [17][18][19][20][21]. Cr forms an oxide interface layer by scavenging the oxygen available on the glass surface during the sputtering process. This creates nucleation centers and promotes nucleation of the next deposited material (in this case Mo), leading to a strong

Size-selected Fe₃O₄–Au hybrid nanoparticles for improved magnetism-based theranostics

• Maria V. Efremova,
• Yulia A. Nalench,
• Eirini Myrovali,
• Anastasiia S. Garanina,
• Ivan S. Grebennikov,
• Polina K. Gifer,
• Maxim A. Abakumov,
• Marina Spasova,
• Makis Angelakeris,
• Alexander G. Savchenko,
• Michael Farle,
• Natalia L. Klyachko,
• Alexander G. Majouga and
• Ulf Wiedwald

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2684–2699, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.251

• be adjusted by heterogeneous nucleation of NPs on noble metal seeds [21][22]. Additionally, such bifunctional Fe3O4–Au NPs are potentially applicable for targeted drug delivery, enhanced hyperthermia, multimodal imaging and theranostics [8][23][24][25][26][27]. In this work, we present the first size

Au–Si plasmonic platforms: synthesis, structure and FDTD simulations

• Anna Gapska,
• Marcin Łapiński,
• Paweł Syty,
• Wojciech Sadowski,
• Józef E. Sienkiewicz and
• Barbara Kościelska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2599–2608, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.241

• explained through dewetting. Dewetting of metallic thin and ultra-thin films, although known and widely studied for many years, it is still an interesting phenomenon [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. Dewetting of films is driven by two main processes. The first of them is based on nucleation and growth of

• holes. The growth of holes occurs through the gathering of material from which the layer is made, along the perimeter of the hole, which results in a raised rim around the hole. Nucleation can occur in two ways, as homogeneous nucleation, when holes are caused by small thermal-density fluctuations

• (homogeneous dewetting), or as heterogeneous nucleation, which is caused by defects in the layer or on the interface of the layer and the substrate (heterogeneous dewetting). In the second process, called spinodal dewetting, instability of the film against thermally activated surface waves leads to spontaneous

Pattern generation for direct-write three-dimensional nanoscale structures via focused electron beam induced deposition

• Lukas Keller and
• Michael Huth

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2581–2598, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.240

• applied. This process is not only challenging due to the need for accurate alignment of all consecutive slices, but also extremely time consuming, depending on the required resolution in the vertical dimension. Other methods are two-photon lithography [5], heterogeneous nucleation [6] or template-based

Nanocellulose: Recent advances and its prospects in environmental remediation

• Katrina Pui Yee Shak,
• Yean Ling Pang and
• Shee Keat Mah

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2479–2498, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.232

• ) [101]. The abundant surface –OH groups act as hydrophilic sites to accelerate nucleation and growth of inorganic particles, consequently controlling the morphology, particle size, and crystallinity [107]. Such readily available surface –OH groups offer an ideal platform for the fabrication of hybrid

Evidence of friction reduction in laterally graded materials

• Roberto Guarino,
• Gianluca Costagliola,
• Federico Bosia and
• Nicola Maria Pugno

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2443–2456, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.229

• have been used in many recent studies to describe aspects of the transition from static to dynamic friction, the nucleation of rupture wave fronts, and the effects of patterning [32][33][34][35][36]. The SBM method is usually computationally faster than FEM, thus it is more practical for a qualitative