Hierarchically structured nanoporous carbon tubes for high pressure carbon dioxide adsorption

• Julia Patzsch,
• Deepu J. Babu and
• Jörg J. Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1135–1144, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.115

• linearized isotherm equation between P/P0 0.035 and 0.2 and the pore size was calculated by density functional theory (DFT) for slit pores. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs were obtained using a Philips XL 30 FEG (20 kV) instrument equipped with an EDX (energy dispersive X-ray) detector

• supermicropores have undergone an irreversible expansion after high pressure CO2 adsorption. This is also confirmed by the pore size distribution analysis (Figure 10b) which indicates a decrease in the fraction of micropores and an increase in the content of mesopores. The higher contribution of the mesopores to

• the total surface area (Table 1) after high pressure CO2 adsorption (37.4% compared to 5.5% for the as-prepared carbon tubes (4)) from the t-plot analysis is consistent with results obtained from the pore size distribution analysis. The internal stress induced by the adsorbed CO2 under high pressure

Structural properties and thermal stability of cobalt- and chromium-doped α-MnO₂ nanorods

• Romana Cerc Korošec,
• Polona Umek,
• Alexandre Gloter,
• Jana Padežnik Gomilšek and
• Peter Bukovec

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1032–1042, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.104

• ]. The size and shape of different tunnel sizes (1 × 1, 1 × 2, 2 × 2, 3 × 3, 3 × 2, 2 × 4) direct the pore opening and control the separation [1][4]. In α-MnO2, octahedrons form the 2 × 2 channel structure with a pore size of 4.6 Å [5]. In the structure named cryptomelane hydrated K+ cations are

Bio-inspired micro-to-nanoporous polymers with tunable stiffness

• Julia Syurik,
• Ruth Schwaiger,
• Prerna Sudera,
• Stephan Weyand,
• Siegbert Johnsen,
• Gabriele Wiegand and
• Hendrik Hölscher

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 906–914, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.92

• analysis of the pore structure. Therefore, our approach represents a non-chemical way to tune the elastic properties and their local variation for a broad range of polymers by adjusting the pore size gradient. Keywords: biomimetics; polymeric materials; supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2); tunable

• improvement of re-usability and durability of the products. Porous structures with a pore-size gradient have been manufactured in the past from different materials such as ceramics [6][7][8], metals [9], composites [10] and polymers [11]. These structures exhibited improved thermal [12] and mechanical

• is subjected to inhomogeneous pressure and/or temperature conditions during steps (ii) and (iii), the pore size within the polymer can vary [20]. To the best of our knowlegde, the correlation between the density of the porous material and its storage modulus, especially the size-dependent mechanical

First examples of organosilica-based ionogels: synthesis and electrochemical behavior

• Andreas Taubert,
• Ruben Löbbicke,
• Barbara Kirchner and
• Fabrice Leroux

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 736–751, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.77

• onset of significant nitrogen uptake and the parallel adsorption and desorption branches also indicate the presence of rather small pores and a relatively narrow pore size distribution [37]. Analysis of the SAXS data using the Porod-approach [37][38][39][40] confirms this, although pore sizes determined

• , however, not the case here. We never observe cracking or other pore collapse. This is likely due to the flexibility of the organic bridges that enable the dry solid to respond to local mechanical stress without breaking or pore collapse. Table 1 also shows that the pore size and open pore volume strongly

• , pore size, and open pore volume. The same observation applies to materials obtained with MTMS instead of TMOS in acetone. High surface areas up to 740 cm3/g, high open pore volumes of around 60%, and pore sizes between 3 and 5 nm are also obtained in this system. In contrast, the methanol-based

Phospholipid arrays on porous polymer coatings generated by micro-contact spotting

• Sylwia Sekula-Neuner,
• Monica de Freitas,
• Lea-Marie Tröster,
• Tobias Jochum,
• Pavel A. Levkin,
• Michael Hirtz and
• Harald Fuchs

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 715–722, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.75

• ], emphasizes the need for sustained progress in this field. The work presented here demonstrates the potential of nanoporous poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate-co-ethylene dimethacrylate) (HEMA-EDMA) as a novel advantageous substrate for lipid arrays. Porous HEMA support, with pore size distribution in the range

Synthesis of graphene–transition metal oxide hybrid nanoparticles and their application in various fields

• Arpita Jana,
• Elke Scheer and
• Sebastian Polarz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 688–714, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.74

Ion beam profiling from the interaction with a freestanding 2D layer

• Ivan Shorubalko,
• Kyoungjun Choi,
• Michael Stiefel and
• Hyung Gyu Park

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 682–687, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.73

• dwell times ranging from 0.5 to 10 ms. A clear dependence of the pore size on the exposure dose is observed. It is also seen that pores can have slightly irregular shapes. In order to precisely extract pore diameters from such experiments, we perforated sets of pores with identical exposure parameters

• important issue is high-resolution imaging of the pores. When pore size becomes smaller than a few nanometers, like in the case of 1–3 pA He+ beams, it is difficult to measure these pore dimensions precisely with standard STEM or HIM. Time consuming high-resolution TEM imaging would be required. The third

Dispersion of single-wall carbon nanotubes with supramolecular Congo red – properties of the complexes and mechanism of the interaction

• Anna Jagusiak,
• Barbara Piekarska,
• Tomasz Pańczyk,
• Małgorzata Jemioła-Rzemińska,
• Elżbieta Bielańska,
• Barbara Stopa,
• Grzegorz Zemanek,
• Janina Rybarska,
• Irena Roterman and
• Leszek Konieczny

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 636–648, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.68

• . Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) membranes (0.2 µm pore size) were purchased from MERCK Millipore. All other reagents used were of analytical grade. Dispersion of SWNTs by non-covalent attachment of supramolecular Congo red 1 mL of aqueous CR solution (2 or 5 mg/mL) was heated for 3 min at 100 °C, slowly cooled to room

Liquid permeation and chemical stability of anodic alumina membranes

• Dmitrii I. Petukhov,
• Dmitrii A. Buldakov,
• Alexey A. Tishkin,
• Alexey V. Lukashin and
• Andrei A. Eliseev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 561–570, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.60

• and exceptional transport characteristics. A very narrow pore size distribution, low pore tortuosity and controllable membrane porosity make AAO one of the top performers given its permeability/pore diameter ratio [1]. The synthetic procedure of AAO membranes enables significant tunability of the

• media [1][13][14][15]. In contrast, the narrow pore size distribution of anodic alumina membranes should result in a sharp cut-off curve and excellent filtration characteristics [1]. The possible reason for low publishing and application activity in the field is the degradation of AAO membrane materials

Fiber optic sensors based on hybrid phenyl-silica xerogel films to detect n-hexane: determination of the isosteric enthalpy of adsorption

• Jesús C. Echeverría,
• Ignacio Calleja,
• Paula Moriones and
• Julián J. Garrido

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 475–484, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.51

• , controlled porous texture that includes a specific surface area and average pore size distribution, and tunable surface chemistry. In the case of fiber optic reflectance sensors (FORSs), these sensitive films vary their optical properties upon interaction with the analyte, thereby resulting in a change in

• –Radushkevich method [19]. The volume of the pores was calculated using 0.808 g cm−3 as the liquid density of N2 at 77 K. The pore size distributions were obtained from the N2 adsorption data by applying the BJH method [17]. Experimental The measuring device comprised an optical system, a measuring cell, a

• in the molar percentage of PhTEOS in the mixture of silicon precursors. As the percentage of PhTEOS increased, the position of the capillary condensation step shifted towards higher relative pressure, indicating an increase in pore size. The hysteresis loops did not close at p/pº of 0.42, as is

Innovations from the “ivory tower”: Wilhelm Barthlott and the paradigm shift in surface science

• Christoph Neinhuis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 394–402, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.41

• induced a different reception. The filter changed The pore size of the filter changed, the border became permeable for a different type and quality of information because it was not “complicated biology” anymore but the property of self-cleaning was now demonstrated with a material that people in the

Nanoscale isoindigo-carriers: self-assembly and tunable properties

• Tatiana N. Pashirova,
• Andrei V. Bogdanov,
• Lenar I. Musin,
• Julia K. Voronina,
• Irek R. Nizameev,
• Marsil K. Kadirov,
• Vladimir F. Mironov,
• Lucia Ya. Zakharova,
• Shamil K. Latypov and
• Oleg G. Sinyashin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 313–324, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.34

• poured into a dialysis bag that was immersed in 200 mL of phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) and incubated at 37 °C and 100 rpm. Bags with a pore size of 12 Da (Sigma-Aldrich) were used for this study. They were soaked in Milli-Q water for 12 h before use. After dialysis (3 h), a SIP sample (1 mL) of the fluid

Functionalized TiO₂ nanoparticles by single-step hydrothermal synthesis: the role of the silane coupling agents

• Antoine R. M. Dalod,
• Lars Henriksen,
• Tor Grande and
• Mari-Ann Einarsrud

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 304–312, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.33

• distance over more than ten consecutive hkl planes, using DigitalMicrograph (Gatan Inc. version 3.01). Specific surface area (BET method [29]) and pore size distribution (BJH method [30]) were measured by nitrogen adsorption on a Micrometrics Tristar 3000. Samples were degassed for 12 h at 180 °C in vacuum

• ). Since particle sizes from SEM and surface area are similar, porosity is associated with inter-particle volume of the agglomerates and can be directly correlated with the particle sizes [34]. Figure 4b displays the pore size distribution from desorption isotherms of TiO2 and in situ surface

• -functionalized TiO2 nanoparticles. The pore size distribution is centered between 4 and 7 nm for TiO2 and Ti-DTES, while for the aminosilane-functionalized samples, the size distribution is broader and shifted towards larger pores and two features are observed. The first feature centered between 4 and 7 nm is

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering of self-assembled thiol monolayers and supported lipid membranes on thin anodic porous alumina

• Marco Salerno,
• Amirreza Shayganpour,
• Barbara Salis and
• Silvia Dante

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 74–81, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.8

• ; SERS; nanopores; supported lipid bilayers; thiols; Introduction Anodic porous alumina (APA) is a layered material usually obtained in thick form (≈10 µm thickness scale) from electrochemical anodization in the acidic aqueous electrolyte of aluminum (Al) foils [1]. In APA, the control of pore size

• phosphoric acid electrolyte at a bath temperature of ≈15 °C. Post-fabrication etching in the same electrolyte for 20 min at room temperature (RT) plus 15 min at 35 °C allowed to obtain tAPA with ≈160 nm pore size and ≈80 nm wall thickness. After thoroughly rinsing with de-ionized water, blowing dry with

• is of critical importance in SERS [23]. The SEM images reported in Figure 1 show the good control achieved in both mean pore size and its dispersion and prove the long range uniformity of the surfaces with the Au coating to make it plasmonic-active. tAPA–Au substrates could possibly be used as a

Streptavidin-coated gold nanoparticles: critical role of oligonucleotides on stability and fractal aggregation

• Roberta D'Agata,
• Pasquale Palladino and
• Giuseppe Spoto

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1–11, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.1

• or 0.22 µm pore size membrane. Samples (1 mL) were transferred into a disposable polystyrene cuvette for DLS measurements while a folded capillary cell was used for ζ-potential measurements. The concentration of solutions (0.1–1 nM) was adjusted to accommodate scattering properties of samples and

Intercalation and structural aspects of macroRAFT agents into MgAl layered double hydroxides

• Dessislava Kostadinova,
• Ana Cenacchi Pereira,
• Muriel Lansalot,
• Franck D’Agosto,
• Elodie Bourgeat-Lami,
• Fabrice Leroux,
• Christine Taviot-Guého,
• Sylvian Cadars and
• Vanessa Prevot

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 2000–2012, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.191

• stationary phase. Samples were filtered on a 0.45 μm pore size membrane and analyzed at 3 mg mL−1. Separation was carried out on three columns from Malvern Instruments (T6000 M General Mixed Org (300 × 8 mm)). The device (Viscotek TDA305) was equipped with a refractive index (RI) detector (λ = 670 nm). The

Organoclay hybrid materials as precursors of porous ZnO/silica-clay heterostructures for photocatalytic applications

• Marwa Akkari,
• Pilar Aranda,
• Abdessalem Ben Haj Amara and
• Eduardo Ruiz-Hitzky

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1971–1982, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.188

• suggest that an appropriate pore volume with an optimized pore size distribution besides a large specific surface area of these materials, can promote a more efficient photocatalytic activity but also a higher adsorption capacity of MB molecules, which also contributes to the removal of these molecules

In situ formation of reduced graphene oxide structures in ceria by combined sol–gel and solvothermal processing

• Jingxia Yang,
• Johannes Ofner,
• Bernhard Lendl and
• Ulrich Schubert

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1815–1821, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.174

• according to Brunauer, Emmett and Teller (BET), and the pore size distribution (from the desorption branch) according to Barrett, Joyner and Halenda (BJH). CO oxidation was performed in a continuous-flow fixed-bed quartz reactor under atmospheric pressure. A sample amount of 20 mg was loaded into the

• Figure 5, left. Only rGO(0.2)–CeO2 is mesoporous, according to the IUPAC classification, while the others contain mainly micropores and a small portion of mesopores. This can also be seen from the pore size distribution (Figure 5, right). rGO(0.2)–CeO2 has an average pore size of 4.8 nm, while the other

• samples have smaller pore size in the range of 3.3–3.8 nm. The surface area increased with decreasing rGO proportion, from 147 m2/g with 0.2 g rGO to 275 m2/g with 0.02 g rGO. rGO(0)–CeO2 and rGO(0.02)–CeO2 processed almost the same surface area. The influence of the rGO proportion on the catalytic

Nano- and microstructured materials for in vitro studies of the physiology of vascular cells

• Alexandra M. Greiner,
• Adria Sales,
• Hao Chen,
• Sarah A. Biela,
• Dieter Kaufmann and
• Ralf Kemkemer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1620–1641, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.155

• produce and their stiffness can be tuned over a wide range (from few tens of pascals to mega- or gigapascals). PEG-DA hydrogels consists of a polymer of ethylene glycol diacrylate monomers [48][161]. By varying the length of the polymer and its ratio with a crosslinker molecule the pore size of the

• , crosslinker and photoinitiator, as well as the intensity of UV light and the exposure time, the pore size of the hydrogel and consequently the elasticity can be tuned. Stiffness from PAA hydrogels can be tuned from ca. 50 Pa to more than 700 kPa [50][114][115][116]. Due to their easy availability and handling

Development of adsorptive membranes by confinement of activated biochar into electrospun nanofibers

• Mehrdad Taheran,
• Mitra Naghdi,
• Satinder K. Brar,
• Emile Knystautas,
• Mausam Verma,
• Rao. Y. Surampalli and
• Jose. R. Valero

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1556–1563, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.149

• pores in two size ranges of 1.5–10 nm and 38–46 nm and the most probable pore size was 2 nm. Also, NFM-1.5% had pores in two size ranges of 2.5–10 nm and 20–50 nm and the most probable pore size was 3.2 nm. The occurrence of pore diameters in the range of 1–10 nm suggested that both samples had pores

Polystyrene-block-poly(ethylene oxide) copolymers as templates for stacked, spherical large-mesopore silica coatings: dependence of silica pore size on the PS/PEO ratio

• Roberto Nisticò,
• Giuliana Magnacca,
• Sushilkumar A. Jadhav and
• Dominique Scalarone

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1454–1460, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.137

• narrow pore size distribution and high porosity have been obtained by a sol–gel reaction of a silicon oxide precursor (TEOS) and using polystyrene-block-poly(ethylene oxide) (PS-b-PEO) copolymers as templates in an acidic environment. PS-b-PEO copolymers with different molecular weight and composition

• have been studied in order to assess the effects of the block length on the pore size of the templated silica films. The changes in the morphology of the porous systems have been investigated by transmission electron microscopy and a systematic analysis has been carried out, evidencing the dependence

• between the hydrophilic/hydrophobic ratio of the two polymer blocks and the size of the final silica pores. The obtained results prove that by tuning the PS/PEO ratio, the pore size of the templated silica films can be easily and finely predicted. Keywords: block copolymers; controlled porosity

Dealloying of gold–copper alloy nanowires: From hillocks to ring-shaped nanopores

• Adrien Chauvin,
• Cyril Delacôte,
• Mohammed Boujtita,
• Benoit Angleraud,
• Junjun Ding,
• Chang-Hwan Choi,
• Pierre-Yves Tessier and
• Abdel-Aziz El Mel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1361–1367, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.127

• the hillocks formed over the surface of the nanowires: Increasing the deposition time results in a linear increase in hillock diameter. Furthermore, by applying a dealloying process to such Au–Cu alloy nanowires we have shown that nanowires with ring-shaped pores can be created. The diversity of pore

• size and shape coupled to the alignment and periodic organization of the nanowires is expected to promote the SERS effect originating from such gold nanostructures. Experimental Nanopatterned substrates The nanopatterned silicon substrates used as a template to grow the nanowires were prepared using a

Mesoporous hollow carbon spheres for lithium–sulfur batteries: distribution of sulfur and electrochemical performance

• Anika C. Juhl,
• Artur Schneider,
• Boris Ufer,
• Torsten Brezesinski,
• Jürgen Janek and
• Michael Fröba

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1229–1240, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.114

• carbon structure [38]. From the nitrogen physisorption isotherm (Figure 4a) of the HCS a Brunauer–Emmet–Teller (BET) surface of 1123 m2·g−1 can be determined. The pore size distribution (Figure 4b) was calculated by a quenched solid density functional theory (QSDFT) model from the adsorption branch and

• the isotherm, pore size distribution and cumulative pore volume) it can be concluded that the HCS contain a considerable amount of pores smaller than 1.5 nm. The cumulative pore volume of these small pores is as high as 0.26 cm3·g−1, which is significantly higher than the 0.13 cm3·g−1 determined by

• /min in air. Nitrogen physisorption measurements were performed on a Quantachrome Quadrasorb-SI-MP instrument at 77.4 K. Pore size distributions were calculated from the adsorption branch by a non-local density functional theory (NLDFT) model assuming cylindrical pores for silica samples and by a

Preparation of alginate–chitosan–cyclodextrin micro- and nanoparticles loaded with anti-tuberculosis compounds

• Albert Ivancic,
• Fliur Macaev,
• Fatma Aksakal,
• Veaceslav Boldescu,
• Serghei Pogrebnoi and
• Gheorghe Duca

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1208–1218, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.112

• pore-size filter to eliminate clumps. The filtrates were aliquoted, stored at 280 K, and used within 30 days. Radiometric susceptibility test For the radiometric susceptibility test, 1/10 mL of BACTEC 12B-passaged inoculum was introduced into 4 mL of test medium without being diluted. Two-fold drug

Reconstitution of the membrane protein OmpF into biomimetic block copolymer–phospholipid hybrid membranes

• Matthias Bieligmeyer,
• Franjo Artukovic,
• Stephan Nussberger,
• Thomas Hirth,
• Thomas Schiestel and
• Michaela Müller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 881–892, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.80

• , Germany) at 40 °C. Sample signals were detected with Agilent RI and UV-DAD detectors. THF was used as solvent with a flow rate of 0.5 mL min−1. Two SDV colums with 1000 Å pore size were used. Calibration of the system was done with poly(styrene) standards (ReadyCal, PSS GmbH, Mainz, Germany). Samples were