Statistics of work and orthogonality catastrophe in discrete level systems: an application to fullerene molecules and ultra-cold trapped Fermi gases

• Antonello Sindona,
• Michele Pisarra,
• Mario Gravina,
• Cristian Vacacela Gomez,
• Pierfrancesco Riccardi,
• Giovanni Falcone and
• Francesco Plastina

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 755–766, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.78

• superimposing Gaussian functions of width 0.15, centered at the occupied/empty energy values. A more quantitative analysis comes from the squared overlaps , some of which are numerically computed and reported in Table 2. In contrast to the C60/ case, we notice that the states involved is the εv,↔εv′, mapping

Electromagnetic enhancement of ordered silver nanorod arrays evaluated by discrete dipole approximation

• Guoke Wei,
• Jinliang Wang and
• Yu Chen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 686–696, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.69

• hotspots are found in S0:42 and S0:−42:42. Quantitative analysis shows that the average EFs of S42 and S−42:42 are comparable, which are 797 and 793, respectively, while S0:−42:42 shows the strongest EFavg of 1228, followed by S0:42 with EFavg = 1006. Corners/bends are usually considered to give rise

Self-assembled anchor layers/polysaccharide coatings on titanium surfaces: a study of functionalization and stability

• Ognen Pop-Georgievski,
• Dana Kubies,
• Josef Zemek,
• Neda Neykova,
• Roman Demianchuk,
• Eliška Mázl Chánová,
• Miroslav Šlouf,
• Milan Houska and
• František Rypáček

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 617–631, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.63

• experimental uncertainties in the quantitative analysis of XPS were assessed in separate experiments with several standard materials and were estimated to be below 7%. This value encompasses the overall uncertainties of the method that are typically introduced by the background subtraction. High resolution Ti

Hematopoietic and mesenchymal stem cells: polymeric nanoparticle uptake and lineage differentiation

• Ivonne Brüstle,
• Thomas Simmet,
• Gerd Ulrich Nienhaus,
• Katharina Landfester and
• Volker Mailänder

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 383–395, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.38

• IL-8 secretion (Figure 3). The lone PLLA particles also showed no influence on the cytokine secretion. In contrast, the PLLA–Fe particles dramatically increased the IL-8 release while the IL-6 secretion was not altered (Figure 4). For hHSCs, cell functionality was tested by quantitative analysis of

Comparative evaluation of the impact on endothelial cells induced by different nanoparticle structures and functionalization

• Lisa Landgraf,
• Ines Müller,
• Peter Ernst,
• Miriam Schäfer,
• Christina Rosman,
• Isabel Schick,
• Oskar Köhler,
• Hartmut Oehring,
• Vladimir V. Breus,
• Thomas Basché,
• Carsten Sönnichsen,
• Wolfgang Tremel and
• Ingrid Hilger

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 300–312, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.28

• different nanoparticle formulations, we used different inhibitors to block the best-known internalization routes: clathrin-mediated, caveolae-mediated and macropinocytosis [46]. Microscopy data and the semi-quantitative analysis of the nanoparticle uptake behavior revealed a caveolae-dependent

• were monitored via appropriate controls without nanoparticles and without inhibitors. Semi-quantitative analysis of the nanoparticle uptake After treatment of HMEC-1 with endocytosis inhibitors and nanoparticles, a semi quantitative determination of the amount of internalized nanoparticles was done by

• heads point to affected mitochondria. Scale bars in (b) indicate 2 µm. N = nucleus. Microscopy images of endothelial cells and semi quantitative analysis of nanoparticle uptake to determine the endocytosis pathways of different metal oxide nanoparticles. HMEC-1 cells were treated with 5 µg/mL metal

Caveolin-1 and CDC42 mediated endocytosis of silica-coated iron oxide nanoparticles in HeLa cells

• Nils Bohmer and
• Andreas Jordan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 167–176, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.16

• [27][43], another possible explanation is, that SCIONs accumulate in caveolae-coated vesicles at the cell membrane without their detachment when Dynamin 2 is depleted. These SCIONs would not have been removed before quantitative analysis. Further experiments have to be conducted to test these

Chemoselective silicification of synthetic peptides and polyamines

• Maryna Abacilar,
• Fabian Daus and
• Armin Geyer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 103–110, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.10

• , silica precipitation studies were mainly focused on the amount, the morphology, and composition of the precipitate while disregarding a quantitative analysis of the remaining soluble components. Here, we turn the tables and quantify the soluble components by 1H NMR in the progress of precipitation and

Materials and characterization techniques for high-temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells

• Roswitha Zeis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 68–83, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.8

• simultaneous changes in the MEA structure and the phosphoric acid concentration make the quantitative analysis of X-ray radiographs challenging [40]. With additional 3D information, X-ray tomography is more effective in the localization and quantification of the acid electrolyte within the GDL and catalyst

• between the fiber bundles of the carbon cloth. To validate the technique, the authors also quantified the amount of acid of the cell using both viewing directions. Despite some minor discrepancy between though-pane and in-plane imaging directions, the quantitative analysis agreed quite well with the

Nanoparticle interactions with live cells: Quantitative fluorescence microscopy of nanoparticle size effects

• Li Shang,
• Karin Nienhaus,
• Xiue Jiang,
• Linxiao Yang,
• Katharina Landfester,
• Volker Mailänder,
• Thomas Simmet and
• G. Ulrich Nienhaus

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2388–2397, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.248

• varying concentrations (1–10 nM), fluorescence microscopy was performed over time courses of typically 1–2 h. Quantitative analysis of the image sequences revealed that the amount of NPs associated with the membrane scaled, within the error, with the NP concentration in solution (Figure 3a). The fraction

• exposure to a 1 nM DPA-QD solution, DPA-QDs were barely detectable inside the cells. A quantitative analysis of the DPA-QD uptake kinetics confirmed that the NPs accumulated on the membrane before uptake occurred (Figure 3b). The same effect was also observed for AuNCs (Figure 3c). These findings clearly

Effect of silver nanoparticles on human mesenchymal stem cell differentiation

• Christina Sengstock,
• Jörg Diendorf,
• Matthias Epple,
• Thomas A. Schildhauer and
• Manfred Köller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2058–2069, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.214

• -differentiated cells was analyzed by calcein-AM staining and revealed viable cells. However, a quantitative analysis was not possible due to the typical cell conversion as a pellet. Silver concentration-dependent differences in the conversion process or in the pellet size were not observed. To investigate the

• analyses of histochemical staining, which might explain the differences in the obtained results. In the case of the chondrogenic differentiation, a quantitative analysis of alcian blue staining was not possible due to the 3-dimensional growth of chondrogenic-derived hMSCs. However, cell morphology and

• ). To quantify the oil red O content, hMSCs were washed three times with DPBS to remove background staining, and 4% Nonidet P-40 (Roche, Mannheim, Germany) was added to resolve oil red O. The quantitative analysis of lipid accumulation of oil red O was performed by using a UV–vis spectrophotometer

Effects of surface functionalization on the adsorption of human serum albumin onto nanoparticles – a fluorescence correlation spectroscopy study

• Pauline Maffre,
• Stefan Brandholt,
• Karin Nienhaus,
• Li Shang,
• Wolfgang J. Parak and
• G. Ulrich Nienhaus

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2036–2047, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.212

• for the limited space on the NP surface. The corona may be highly dynamic and vary over time. A precise, quantitative analysis of its protein composition would require measurements in situ to avoid protein adsorption or desorption processes during the experiment. Frequently, however, experimental

• the one that is quoted. Reversibility of corona formation A quantitative analysis in terms of equilibrium binding isotherms strictly only applies if corona formation is reversible. However, depending on the NP surface, protein adsorption may lead to tight binding, often accompanied by a substantial

PVP-coated, negatively charged silver nanoparticles: A multi-center study of their physicochemical characteristics, cell culture and in vivo experiments

• Sebastian Ahlberg,
• Alexandra Antonopulos,
• Jörg Diendorf,
• Ralf Dringen,
• Matthias Epple,
• Rebekka Flöck,
• Wolfgang Goedecke,
• Christina Graf,
• Nadine Haberl,
• Jens Helmlinger,
• Fabian Herzog,
• Frederike Heuer,
• Stephanie Hirn,
• Christian Johannes,
• Stefanie Kittler,
• Manfred Köller,
• Katrin Korn,
• Wolfgang G. Kreyling,
• Fritz Krombach,
• Jürgen Lademann,
• Kateryna Loza,
• Eva M. Luther,
• Marcelina Malissek,
• Martina C. Meinke,
• Daniel Nordmeyer,
• Anne Pailliart,
• Jörg Raabe,
• Fiorenza Rancan,
• Barbara Rothen-Rutishauser,
• Eckart Rühl,
• Carsten Schleh,
• Andreas Seibel,
• Christina Sengstock,
• Lennart Treuel,
• Annika Vogt,
• Katrin Weber and
• Reinhard Zellner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1944–1965, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.205

• ][68], the quantitative analysis of the corresponding CD signals has been shown to be a good indicator for the overall extent to which the original secondary structure of serum albumin is preserved in the "equilibrated" corona [54][69][70]. The exact mechanisms of partial or full protein denaturation

Imaging the intracellular degradation of biodegradable polymer nanoparticles

• Anne-Kathrin Barthel,
• Martin Dass,
• Melanie Dröge,
• Jens-Michael Cramer,
• Daniela Baumann,
• Markus Urban,
• Katharina Landfester,
• Volker Mailänder and
• Ingo Lieberwirth

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1905–1917, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.201

• endosomes and not within other cell compartments such as the cell nucleus, Golgi apparatus, or in mitochondria. Quantitative analysis of TEM observations As stated above, TEM observations of external material inside MSCs are too heterogeneous to provide a coherent picture by presenting only an excerpt of

• ). Quantitative analysis of TEM micrographs as to the occurrence of free magnetite nanocrystals. Average number of free magnetite nanocrystals per endosome (A) and relative proportion of endosomes containing at least

In vitro and in vivo interactions of selected nanoparticles with rodent serum proteins and their consequences in biokinetics

• Wolfgang G. Kreyling,
• Stefanie Fertsch-Gapp,
• Martin Schäffler,
• Blair D. Johnston,
• Nadine Haberl,
• Christian Pfeiffer,
• Jörg Diendorf,
• Carsten Schleh,
• Stephanie Hirn,
• Manuela Semmler-Behnke,
• Matthias Epple and
• Wolfgang J. Parak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1699–1711, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.180

• remaining carcass and those in the excretion. As a result, the administered NP are 100% balanced of and a complete and detailed quantitative analysis of their biokinetics is obtained providing data on the fraction of NP per organ or tissue but also NP mass- or NP surface- or number concentrations per gram

Nanodiamond-DGEA peptide conjugates for enhanced delivery of doxorubicin to prostate cancer

• Amanee D Salaam,
• Patrick Hwang,
• Roberus McIntosh,
• Hadiyah N Green,
• Ho-Wook Jun and
• Derrick Dean

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 937–945, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.107

• drug concentrations, DOX efficacy was enhanced. The quantitative analysis of DOX release kinetics and cellular internalization are limitations of this study and should be the subject of future studies. Conclusion In this study, a novel targeted drug delivery system consisting of NDs (drug delivery

Controlling mechanical properties of bio-inspired hydrogels by modulating nano-scale, inter-polymeric junctions

• Seonki Hong,
• Hyukjin Lee and
• Haeshin Lee

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 887–894, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.101

• mM NaIO4) (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S6). Quantitative analysis of the crosslinked PEG products was performed by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). GPC results showed that the peak that appeared at 18 min of elution time is unreacted monomer (Standard data of unreacted monomer

• a slight excess of NaIO4 was found to be necessary for maximal crosslinking. Quantitative analysis of crosslinked PEG products with GPC One notable result was that the relative amounts and the molecular species of the multimers formed by quinone tanning reactions exhibited large differences between

Visible light photooxidative performance of a high-nuclearity molecular bismuth vanadium oxide cluster

• Johannes Tucher and
• Carsten Streb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 711–716, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.83

• reactivity was observed. Quantitative analysis using the observed pseudo-first order rate constant kobs gave a decrease in rate constant of ca. 32% (anaerobic) and ca. 44% (aerobic), respectively, see Table 1 and Figure 3. These significant changes are most likely due to an effective scavenging of hydroxyl

Plasma-assisted synthesis and high-resolution characterization of anisotropic elemental and bimetallic core–shell magnetic nanoparticles

• M. Hennes,
• A. Lotnyk and
• S. G. Mayr

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 466–475, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.54

• increasing growth distance, in accord with our findings. Nevertheless, robust quantitative analysis of the phenomenon remains difficult. Indeed, all studies have at some point to commit to a specific growth mechanism. Hihara et al. [13] compared growth through collisions via a Smoluchowski equation with

En route to controlled catalytic CVD synthesis of densely packed and vertically aligned nitrogen-doped carbon nanotube arrays

• Slawomir Boncel,
• Sebastian W. Pattinson,
• Valérie Geiser,
• Milo S. P. Shaffer and
• Krzysztof K. K. Koziol

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 219–233, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.24

• the nanotubes, the purity (presence/absence of carbonaceous particles), the structure of the individual nanotubes (with a special emphasis on their straightness), and the quantitative analysis of the outer and inner diameters (OD, ID) of the nanotubes. Although the raw products were analysed

Oriented attachment explains cobalt ferrite nanoparticle growth in bioinspired syntheses

• Annalena Wolff,
• Walid Hetaba,
• Marco Wißbrock,
• Stefan Löffler,
• Nadine Mill,
• Katrin Eckstädt,
• Axel Dreyer,
• Inga Ennen,
• Norbert Sewald,
• Peter Schattschneider and
• Andreas Hütten

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 210–218, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.23

• dried at room temperature afterwards. Microstructure The microstructure and morphology were investigated using a Philips CM100 Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) with an acceleration voltage U = 80 kV. The quantitative analysis of the nanoparticle sizes and shapes was performed manually by measuring

• the quantitative analysis. A FEI TECNAI F20 HRTEM with an acceleration voltage U = 200 kV was used for a detailed structural analysis. Electron diffraction measurements were also conducted with the FEI TECNAI F20. Since the distances and angles between the reflexes are material and zone axis specific

• Tridiem spectrometer were used for these measurements to allow single particle composition measurements. In addition, the local composition gradient was measured by using a spectrometer entrance aperture to select regions with a diameter of ≈25 nm within a single nanoparticle. For the quantitative

Influence of the adsorption geometry of PTCDA on Ag(111) on the tip–molecule forces in non-contact atomic force microscopy

• Gernot Langewisch,
• Jens Falter,
• André Schirmeisen and
• Harald Fuchs

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 98–104, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.9

• the 3D force spectroscopy measurement was performed. No difference between the two orientations is detectable. Horizontal cut through the 3D field of the vertical tip–sample forces at a distance of z = 0.60 nm (left). Dark features correspond to areas of enhanced attractive forces (for a quantitative

• analysis: see below in Figure 3 and Figure 4). The lateral drift was corrected in the images resulting in a distortion of the originally rectangular surface area. The images were linearly interpolated with a factor of 4 to enhance the visibility. Intramolecular structures can be seen in both the raw data

Study of mesoporous CdS-quantum-dot-sensitized TiO₂ films by using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and AFM

• Mohamed N. Ghazzal,
• Robert Wojcieszak,
• Gijo Raj and
• Eric M. Gaigneaux

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 68–76, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.6

• the quantitative analysis: O 1s, C 1s, Ti 2p and Cd 3d, Cd 4s and Cd 3s. The Cl 2p, S 2p and N 1s peaks were also monitored and C 1s to check for charge stability as a function of time. CdS (from Fluka, 99.9% analytical grade) was used as the reference material for the study of the prepared materials

Dynamic nanoindentation by instrumented nanoindentation and force microscopy: a comparative review

• Sidney R. Cohen and
• Estelle Kalfon-Cohen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 815–833, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.93

• the instrumental contribution depend on the frequency. For a quantitative analysis of the data it is therefore necessary to correct for the response with the apparatus transfer function by using an incompressible sample. In the second mode, tip modulation, the cantilever base is modulated via the tip

k-space imaging of the eigenmodes of sharp gold tapers for scanning near-field optical microscopy

• Martin Esmann,
• Simon F. Becker,
• Bernard B. da Cunha,
• Jens H. Brauer,
• Ralf Vogelgesang,
• Petra Groß and
• Christoph Lienau

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 603–610, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.67

• available as Supporting Information File 1. A quantitative analysis of the full sequence of images is displayed in Figure 5. It has been obtained by radially integrating across the ROI for each position on the approach curve. The resulting integrated intensities are plotted as a function of in-plane angle φ

• pixel intensities within the ROI in panel g). Quantitative analysis of the evolution of k-space patterns during tip approach and retraction. Panel a) shows the angular intensity distribution, radially integrated across the ROI (cf. Figure 4a), as a function of tip–sample spacing. At each angle, the data

Deformation-induced grain growth and twinning in nanocrystalline palladium thin films

• Aaron Kobler,
• Jochen Lohmiller,
• Jonathan Schäfer,
• Michael Kerber,
• Anna Castrup,
• Ankush Kashiwar,
• Patric A. Gruber,
• Karsten Albe,
• Horst Hahn and
• Christian Kübel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 554–566, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.64

• crystallite boundary maps corresponding to 0%, 5% and 10% strain are displayed in Figure 4. The grain size increases, with no noticeable evolution of a bimodal size distribution and no significant preferential growth direction is observed in plane-view. In Figure 5a, a quantitative analysis of the crystallite