Effect of nanostructured carbon coatings on the electrochemical performance of Li_1.4Ni_0.5Mn_0.5O_2+x-based cathode materials

• Konstantin A. Kurilenko,
• Oleg A. Shlyakhtin,
• Oleg A. Brylev,
• Dmitry I. Petukhov and
• Alexey V. Garshev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1960–1970, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.187

• and currents [9][10]. The most common way of overcoming this problem is the modification of cathode materials by introducing additives and by depositing coatings that would suppress the interaction of electrolyte and the surface of particles. Various kinds of materials have been tested for surface

• modification, namely other cathode materials (LiMnPO4 [11], LiMn2O4 [12], LiCoO2 [13], LiNiO2 [14]) or simple binary compounds such as CaF2 [15], TiO2 [16], ZnO [17] and Al2O3 [18]. During the assembly of the lithium-ion cells, the cathode materials are always mechanically mixed with carbon black in order to

Evolution of the graphite surface in phosphoric acid: an AFM and Raman study

• Rossella Yivlialin,
• Luigi Brambilla,
• Gianlorenzo Bussetti,
• Matteo Tommasini,
• Andrea Li Bassi,
• Carlo Spartaco Casari,
• Matteo Passoni,
• Franco Ciccacci,
• Lamberto Duò and
• Chiara Castiglioni

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1878–1884, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.180

• allows for successful graphite exfoliation, as reported quite recently [12][13]. However, a detailed analysis of the surface modification of a graphite crystal subjected to EC processes in phosphoric acid solution is still missing. In a recent work [7], we have shown that the EC characterization of the

• visible range, it is possible to roughly estimate that the film thickness in the B-areas is of the order of hundreds of nanometers. From this initial optical analysis of the sample, areas labeled as C seem not to be affected by any surface modification. A deeper morphological analysis has been conducted

Nanostructured TiO₂-based gas sensors with enhanced sensitivity to reducing gases

• Wojciech Maziarz,
• Anna Kusior and
• Anita Trenczek-Zajac

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1718–1726, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.164

• nitrogen oxides and in the presence of acetone. The effect of surface modification on the response and recovery time was studied. Experimental Sample preparation The sensing materials were prepared by thermal and chemical oxidation of Ti foils (d = 0.127 mm, 99.7%, Sigma-Aldrich). Titanium was cut into 20

Nano- and microstructured materials for in vitro studies of the physiology of vascular cells

• Alexandra M. Greiner,
• Adria Sales,
• Hao Chen,
• Sarah A. Biela,
• Dieter Kaufmann and
• Ralf Kemkemer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1620–1641, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.155

• thermoplastic polymers. Another method for generating surface topographies is surface cracking. It provokes controlled cracks on a surface of a material and surface microstructures but also nanotopographies can be obtained by this method [51][52]. After surface modification (e.g., plasma treatment) of an

On the pathway of cellular uptake: new insight into the interaction between the cell membrane and very small nanoparticles

• Claudia Messerschmidt,
• Daniel Hofmann,
• Anja Kroeger,
• Katharina Landfester,
• Volker Mailänder and
• Ingo Lieberwirth

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1296–1311, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.121

• using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS), especially under consideration of the application conditions in physiological media. The three differently sized silica NPs investigated throughout this study, were used as purchased without further surface modification

Reasons and remedies for the agglomeration of multilayered graphene and carbon nanotubes in polymers

• Rasheed Atif and
• Fawad Inam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1174–1196, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.109

• the theoretical value. Hence, the catalytic CVD process is nearly ideal [42]. Remedies for agglomeration The dispersion state of nano-fillers can be tailored in two ways. Firstly, in the uncured state, the dispersion can be improved by using surfactants, mechanical mixing, or surface modification

Voltammetric determination of polyphenolic content in pomegranate juice using a poly(gallic acid)/multiwalled carbon nanotube modified electrode

• Refat Abdel-Hamid and
• Emad F. Newair

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1104–1112, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.103

• modified with a multiwalled carbon nanotube/o-dianisidine derivative [11] and a molecularly imprinted polypyrrole polymer-based film [12] were used for gallic acid analysis with high selectivity. A bimediator amperometric sensor for gallic acid was fabricated by surface modification of a graphite electrode

Improved biocompatibility and efficient labeling of neural stem cells with poly(L-lysine)-coated maghemite nanoparticles

• Igor M. Pongrac,
• Marina Dobrivojević,
• Lada Brkić Ahmed,
• Michal Babič,
• Miroslav Šlouf,
• Daniel Horák and
• Srećko Gajović

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 926–936, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.84

• tracking [16]. Biocompatible polymers are used to modify the surface of nanoparticles, prevent their agglomeration and facilitate internalization. The most widely used coating for surface modification of nanoparticles is dextran, which promotes nanoparticle internalization, in particular in different

Direct formation of gold nanorods on surfaces using polymer-immobilised gold seeds

• Majid K. Abyaneh,
• Pietro Parisse and
• Loredana Casalis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 809–816, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.72

• nanocomposites provide a suitable seed base for direct growth of GNRs on their surfaces, without any surface modification for chemical bonding agents or linkers. The best distributed GNRs were produced on the P1-20 surface with low Mw (P1) and 20 wt % of Au salt. This provides an important potential growth

Microwave solvothermal synthesis and characterization of manganese-doped ZnO nanoparticles

• Jacek Wojnarowicz,
• Roman Mukhovskyi,
• Elzbieta Pietrzykowska,
• Sylwia Kusnieruk,
• Jan Mizeracki and
• Witold Lojkowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 721–732, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.64

• employed methods. The lack of simultaneous control over chemical composition, stoichiometry, dopant homogeneity, particle size distribution, shape, phase purity, surface modification and agglomeration, makes it difficult to obtain NPs [22]. The primary cause of the lack of reproducibility of magnetic

• content, high efficiency, and surface modification [47]. MSS products are characterised by homogeneous morphology, purity, narrow size distribution and low agglomeration. The present paper contains an attempt to obtain ZnO nanoparticles with a Mn2+ dopant content of up to 25 mol %. For the synthesis we

Green and energy-efficient methods for the production of metallic nanoparticles

• Mitra Naghdi,
• Mehrdad Taheran,
• Satinder K. Brar,
• M. Verma,
• R. Y. Surampalli and
• J. R. Valero

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2354–2376, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.243

• , they produced spherical Ag NPs with an average diameter of 26 nm, and polydispersity of 2.3%. They also investigated the capability of different ionic and non-ionic surfactants and also polyethylene glycol (PEG) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) in surface modification and stabilization of Ag NPs produced

Self-organization of gold nanoparticles on silanated surfaces

• Htet H. Kyaw,
• Salim H. Al-Harthi,
• Azzouz Sellai and
• Joydeep Dutta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2345–2353, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.242

• deposition of APTES molecules [7]. Thus, NH2-terminated APTES deposition on any substrate is extremely important for further surface modification. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have unique physical, chemical and electrical properties that differ from the bulk due to the quantum confinement effects in small

Silica-coated upconversion lanthanide nanoparticles: The effect of crystal design on morphology, structure and optical properties

• Uliana Kostiv,
• Miroslav Šlouf,
• Hana Macková,
• Alexander Zhigunov,
• Hana Engstová,
• Katarína Smolková,
• Petr Ježek and
• Daniel Horák

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2290–2299, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.235

• specific application. Thus, various ligands and functionalities have to be attached to the particle surface to provide efficient drug delivery, to ensure engulfment by the cells, or to control the release of biomolecules and their specific target. Finally, the surface modification must ensure that the

• . Surface modification of the particles using silica precursors enhanced colloidal stability and facilitated the transfer of the crystals in aqueous media. Experimental Materials Sodium and yttrium(III) trifluoroacetate, ytterbium(III) chloride hexahydrate, erbium(III) chloride hexahydrate, oleylamine (OM

• +/Er3+ and successful surface modification. Conclusion OM–NaYF4:Yb3+/Er3+ nanoparticles were synthesized by conventional thermal decomposition of lanthanide trifluoroacetates in OM. Particle morphology was controlled by the careful selection of reaction temperature and time, as evidenced by TEM. XRD and

Electrochemical coating of dental implants with anodic porous titania for enhanced osteointegration

• Amirreza Shayganpour,
• Alberto Rebaudi,
• Pierpaolo Cortella,
• Alberto Diaspro and
• Marco Salerno

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2183–2192, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.224

• voltage during the surface modification of the dental implants. (a) Preliminary, optional cathodization pretreatment, and (b) standard, subsequent anodization. The current, i, is plotted in black, the voltage, V, in blue. The curves were obtained from the anodization of Stark implants, but were very

Electrospray deposition of organic molecules on bulk insulator surfaces

• Antoine Hinaut,
• Rémy Pawlak,
• Ernst Meyer and
• Thilo Glatzel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1927–1934, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.195

• in Figure 4 reveals the surface modification due to the annealing in presence of the molecules. Indeed, pits, hills and a circular shape for the step-edges are observed instead of straight step-edges that are normally observed. Molecules are adsorbed at KBr step-edges (arrow 1) and also form small

Optimized design of a nanostructured SPCE-based multipurpose biosensing platform formed by ferrocene-tethered electrochemically-deposited cauliflower-shaped gold nanoparticles

• Wicem Argoubi,
• Maroua Saadaoui,
• Sami Ben Aoun and
• Noureddine Raouafi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1840–1852, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.187

• antibody and BSA have similar shapes with a noticeable decrease in current densities showing that the formation of a protein layer hindered the ET process. Faradic EIS showed that the surface modification by gold induces a dramatic decrease of RCT, which slowly increases after the stepwise modification by

• sweeps. (a) CV curves of functionalization of cfAuNPs by FcD (blue), conjugation with the Ab (black), coverage with BSA protein (green). The inset shows the the logarithm of the peak current as a function of the logarithm of the scan rate, (b) EIS characterization of the stepwise surface modification, (c

• the addition of gIgG/BSA and hIgG/gIgG/BSA mixtures showing a large current increase due to the presence of hIgG. (a) CV curves of functionalized cfAuNPs by the FcD (red) and its conjugation to the HRP enzyme (blue), (b) EIS characterization of the stepwise surface modification, (c) amperometric

Synthesis, characterization and in vitro biocompatibility study of Au/TMC/Fe₃O₄ nanocomposites as a promising, nontoxic system for biomedical applications

• Hanieh Shirazi,
• Maryam Daneshpour,
• Soheila Kashanian and
• Kobra Omidfar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1677–1689, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.170

• distribution, facile and low cost synthesis process, and ease of surface modification, biological and medical applications using uncoated iron oxide nanoparticles are limited because of their tendency to aggregate and oxidize [9][19]. Covering their surface with organic molecules (e.g., biodegradable polymers

• biocompatible and nontoxic to the cells. Conclusion In summary, this study reports the preparation of two nanocomposites using a three step procedure. The monodisperse, uniform, Fe3O4 nanoparticles were synthesized through a co-precipitation method resulting in a diameter of about 10 nm, followed by surface

• modification by a chitosan or TMC coating. The successful coating process was confirmed by FTIR. These nanocomplexes were then exposed to Au nanoparticles, which assembled on the surface to form the final nanoparticles. The size, magnetic behavior, chemical composition, thermal stability and surface

The eNanoMapper database for nanomaterial safety information

• Nina Jeliazkova,
• Charalampos Chomenidis,
• Philip Doganis,
• Bengt Fadeel,
• Roland Grafström,
• Barry Hardy,
• Janna Hastings,
• Markus Hegi,
• Vedrin Jeliazkov,
• Nikolay Kochev,
• Pekka Kohonen,
• Cristian R. Munteanu,
• Haralambos Sarimveis,
• Bart Smeets,
• Pantelis Sopasakis,
• Georgia Tsiliki,
• David Vorgrimmler and
• Egon Willighagen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1609–1634, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.165

• physical and chemical identity of ENMs, including the notion of mixtures and their particle size distributions, differences in the amount of surface modification, manufacturing conditions and batch effects. It must also capture the biological identities (e.g., toxicity pathways, effects of ENM coronas

Influence of surface chemical properties on the toxicity of engineered zinc oxide nanoparticles to embryonic zebrafish

• Zitao Zhou,
• Jino Son,
• Bryan Harper,
• Zheng Zhou and
• Stacey Harper

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1568–1579, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.160

• used to calculate the surface properties. Zebrafish mortality at 120 hpf following exposure to: (A) ZnO NPs with and (B) without surface modification. Individual variance for each of the principal components (PCs). Black dots represent the accumulated variance explained by each PC, while the solid line

Thermal treatment of magnetite nanoparticles

• Beata Kalska-Szostko,
• Urszula Wykowska,
• Dariusz Satula and
• Per Nordblad

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1385–1396, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.143

• , surface modification by the deposition of a chemically dissimilar layer (e.g., Ag) can be of particular importance, especially in the case of bio-related applications [9]. Another critical problem faced by researchers is that it is very difficult to obtain nanoparticles with exactly the same well-defined

Influence of gold, silver and gold–silver alloy nanoparticles on germ cell function and embryo development

• Ulrike Taylor,
• Daniela Tiedemann,
• Christoph Rehbock,
• Wilfried A. Kues,
• Stephan Barcikowski and
• Detlef Rath

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 651–664, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.66

• elucidate how composition, size and surface modification of nanoparticles influence viablility and functionality of reproduction relevant cells derived from various animal models. While in vitro cultured embryos displayed no toxic effects after the microinjection of gold and silver nanoparticles, sperm

Self-assembled anchor layers/polysaccharide coatings on titanium surfaces: a study of functionalization and stability

• Ognen Pop-Georgievski,
• Dana Kubies,
• Josef Zemek,
• Neda Neykova,
• Roman Demianchuk,
• Eliška Mázl Chánová,
• Miroslav Šlouf,
• Milan Houska and
• František Rypáček

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 617–631, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.63

• ; neridronate; poly(dopamine); spectroscopic ellipsometry; surface characterization; surface modification; titanium; XPS; Introduction Titanium and titanium alloys are widely used in medicine and dentistry to replace and support hard tissues [1]. The absence of toxic alloying metals [1], extraordinary specific

• siloxane network led to a higher deterioration tendency of the ALG/APTES double layer. The presented surface modification strategy of titanium can be an effective path for the formation of ALG-based hydrogel coatings enriched with bioactive compounds for bone tissue engineering applications. Experimental

Synergic combination of the sol–gel method with dip coating for plasmonic devices

• Cristiana Figus,
• Maddalena Patrini,
• Francesco Floris,
• Lucia Fornasari,
• Paola Pellacani,
• Gerardo Marchesini,
• Andrea Valsesia,
• Flavia Artizzu,
• Daniela Marongiu,
• Michele Saba,
• Franco Marabelli,
• Andrea Mura,
• Giovanni Bongiovanni and
• Francesco Quochi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 500–507, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.52

• analyte, plasmonic-based devices require modifications of the metal surface that exceed some limitations of a bare metal surface [7][8]. The type of surface modification depends strongly on the application of the materials and can be achieved by various approaches [7][8][11][12]. Surface modification

Conformal SiO₂ coating of sub-100 nm diameter channels of polycarbonate etched ion-track channels by atomic layer deposition

• Nicolas Sobel,
• Christian Hess,
• Manuela Lukas,
• Anne Spende,
• Bernd Stühn,
• M. E. Toimil-Molares and
• Christina Trautmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 472–479, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.48

• properties such as diameter and conformation variations due to dangling bonds, swelling, or surface charge variations from pH changes of the solution, are to a large extent unknown but can influence ion transport and the control of surface modification steps in a crucial manner. A homogeneous conformal

• cycles, the process provides excellent control of size adjustment of nanopores. ALD is also flexible with respect to other surface modification and suitable for applications such as selective transport of ionic species or bio species through nanochannels and the development of novel nanopore sensors

• based on SiO2-surface modification. Schematics of the fabrication of SiO2 coated membranes: (a) irradiation of PC foil with GeV heavy ions, (b) chemical etching of ion tracks to form cylindrical nanochannels, (c) ALD conformal coating of porous membrane. Diffuse reflectance FTIR spectra of uncoated

Oxygen-plasma-modified biomimetic nanofibrous scaffolds for enhanced compatibility of cardiovascular implants

• Anna Maria Pappa,
• Varvara Karagkiozaki,
• Silke Krol,
• Spyros Kassavetis,
• Dimitris Konstantinou,
• Charalampos Pitsalidis,
• Lazaros Tzounis,
• Nikos Pliatsikas and
• Stergios Logothetidis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 254–262, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.24

• and its effect on cell attachment and growth was evaluated. The conditions of the surface modification were properly adjusted in order to define those conditions of the treatment that result in surfaces favorable for cell growth, while maintaining morphological integrity and mechanical behavior

• physical and mechanical stability, while the surface should provide high affinity with cells. In order to combine both prerequisites in one biomaterial, a common approach is to use synthetic biomaterials with adequate bulk properties and improve the surface functionalities by applying surface modification

• components can be observed, which correspond to the aliphatic carbon bonds (–C–C– or –C–H), carbon single bonded to oxygen (–C–OH or –C–O–), and carbonyl functional groups (O–C=O) located at approximately 285.0, 286.5, and 288.9 eV, respectively. O2-plasma treatment is a commonly used surface modification