Adsorption characteristics of Er₃N@C₈₀on W(110) and Au(111) studied via scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy

• Sebastian Schimmel,
• Zhixiang Sun,
• Danny Baumann,
• Denis Krylov,
• Nataliya Samoylova,
• Alexey Popov,
• Bernd Büchner and
• Christian Hess

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1127–1134, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.114

• uniformity as assumed for a thermodynamically most favored arrangement. This could be assigned to a frozen structure resulting from too short annealing times which implies that the rearrangement of the interfacial Au-atoms is most probably a thermally assisted and time-dependent process. While effects of

Near-field surface plasmon field enhancement induced by rippled surfaces

• Mario D’Acunto,
• Francesco Fuso,
• Ruggero Micheletto,
• Makoto Naruse,
• Francesco Tantussi and
• Maria Allegrini

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 956–967, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.97

• changes its parameters in space [53], while the QNM frequency is supposed to change monotonically with a decay rate . If both ξ and γ are constants, the time-dependent plasmon amplitude E(r,t) is now proportional to e(ξ−γ)t with a competition between the frequency decay rate ξ and the damping rate γ. If ξ

Functional dependence of resonant harmonics on nanomechanical parameters in dynamic mode atomic force microscopy

• Federico Gramazio,
• Matteo Lorenzoni,
• Francesc Pérez-Murano,
• Enrique Rull Trinidad,
• Urs Staufer and
• Jordi Fraxedas

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 883–891, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.90

• , represented by the force field Fts, between the cantilever tip and the surface [1]. Thus, the time dependent trajectory a(t) of the cantilever tip, which can be expressed in the harmonic limit by a(t) = A1cos(2πft), is transformed into a Fourier series with harmonic oscillations of amplitudes An and

Association of aescin with β- and γ-cyclodextrins studied by DFT calculations and spectroscopic methods

• Ana I. Ramos,
• Pedro D. Vaz,
• Susana S. Braga and
• Artur M. S. Silva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 348–357, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.37

• ]. In vitro incubation with cells of the C6 (glioma) and A549 (lung adenocarcinoma) tumoural lines showed that aescin has potent dose- and time-dependent antiproliferative effects [8]. Studies with human castration-resistant prostate cancer, both in vitro, using the cell lines PC-3 and DU-145, and in

Selective photodissociation of tailored molecular tags as a tool for quantum optics

• Ugur Sezer,
• Philipp Geyer,
• Moritz Kriegleder,
• Maxime Debiossac,
• Armin Shayeghi,
• Markus Arndt,
• Lukas Felix and
• Marcel Mayor

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 325–333, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.35

• molecular beam depletion is even possible in high vacuum and with a cross section high enough for accessible laser sources. When isolated in high vacuum many details of the photochemistry are expected to change, opening interesting questions for future research with regard to the time-dependent reaction

Flexible photonic crystal membranes with nanoparticle high refractive index layers

• Torben Karrock,
• Moritz Paulsen and
• Martina Gerken

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 203–209, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.22

• reorientation of the PEO to the surface–water interface the interfacial free energy is reduced. The modified PDMS surface exhibits a time-dependent water contact angle. It drops rapidly in the first 30 s and is stable after ≈200 s. The contact angle is reduced to 20° at a concentration of about 2% of PEO in the

Tunable plasmons in regular planar arrays of graphene nanoribbons with armchair and zigzag-shaped edges

• Cristian Vacacela Gomez,
• Michele Pisarra,
• Mario Gravina and
• Antonello Sindona

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 172–182, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.18

• width, chirality and unit-cell length of each ribbon, as well as the in-plane vacuum distance between two contiguous ribbons. Our predictions, based on time-dependent density functional theory, in the random phase approximation, are expected to be of immediate help for measurements of plasmonic features

• in nanoscale architectures of nanoribbon devices. Keywords: graphene nanoribbons; plasmonics; time-dependent density functional theory; Introduction Quantized, coherent and collective density fluctuations of the valence electrons in low-dimensional nanostructures, better known as plasmons, have

• , width and chirality of each GNR, or the in-plane distance between contiguous GNRs. Our study is carried out using time-dependent (TD) density functional theory (DFT), within the random phase approximation (RPA). The computations are performed at room temperature (T = 300 K), including both intrinsic and

Sub-nanosecond light-pulse generation with waveguide-coupled carbon nanotube transducers

• Felix Pyatkov,
• Svetlana Khasminskaya,
• Vadim Kovalyuk,
• Frank Hennrich,
• Manfred M. Kappes,
• Gregory N. Goltsman,
• Wolfram H. P. Pernice and
• Ralph Krupke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 38–44, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.5

• transducer can respond to an electrical signal. Indeed, time-dependent incandescence from a CNT film in free-space has been measured [11] and modulation of CNT emission with decay times below 250 ps has been shown [6]. The intrinsic characteristic timescale for CNT incandescence is expected to be of the

Ferromagnetic behaviour of ZnO: the role of grain boundaries

• Boris B. Straumal,
• Svetlana G. Protasova,
• Andrei A. Mazilkin,
• Eberhard Goering,
• Gisela Schütz,
• Petr B. Straumal and
• Brigitte Baretzky

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1936–1947, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.185

• decay in the muon asymmetry spectrum can be obtained. Such decay is due to the presence of an internal magnetic field distribution. In Figure 5 one can see three such time-dependent spectra of µSR asymmetry for the three studied samples with different GB specific density. In Figure 5 we plotted the

“Sticky invasion” – the physical properties of Plantago lanceolata L. seed mucilage

• Agnieszka Kreitschitz,
• Alexander Kovalev and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1918–1927, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.183

• (Figure 3), presumably because of a different mucilage amount and water content in the envelope. The average time for reaching the maximum force was 16 ± 3 min. Very important and interesting was that the shape of the time-dependent pull-off force curves of individual seeds are very similar (Figure 3

Role of RGO support and irradiation source on the photocatalytic activity of CdS–ZnO semiconductor nanostructures

• Suneel Kumar,
• Rahul Sharma,
• Vipul Sharma,
• Gurunarayanan Harith,
• Vaidyanathan Sivakumar and
• Venkata Krishnan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1684–1697, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.161

• spectra of (a) GO, (b) ZnO, (c) CdS, (d) CdS–ZnO and (e) CdS–ZnO–RGO nanocomposite. UV–vis absorption spectra of GO, ZnO NR, CdS NP, CdS–ZnO and CdS–ZnO–RGO nanocomposite. Time-dependent UV–vis spectra of photocatalytic degradation of MO: (a) visible light irradiation from a solar simulator using CdS–ZnO

Influence of hydrothermal synthesis parameters on the properties of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles

• Sylwia Kuśnieruk,
• Jacek Wojnarowicz,
• Agnieszka Chodara,
• Tadeusz Chudoba,
• Stanislaw Gierlotka and
• Witold Lojkowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1586–1601, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.153

• was synthesis-time dependent. The purpose of this study was to further develop the previously reported synthesis methods in order to: further extend the range of particle sizes, scale up the synthesis process by six orders of magnitude of six types of nano-hydroxyapatite, and to demonstrate that a

Dynamic of cold-atom tips in anharmonic potentials

• Tobias Menold,
• Peter Federsel,
• Carola Rogulj,
• Hendrik Hölscher,
• József Fortágh and
• Andreas Günther

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1543–1555, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.148

• position fixed in space and monitor the time-dependent ionization rate Γ(t) at the ion detector. Measuring Γ(t) will then unveil dynamics within the distribution function. Detecting harmonic tip oscillations For harmonic potentials the time-dependent density distribution of an oscillating tip is given via

• Equation 6, resulting in a time-dependent detector signal As a periodic function, it can be expanded to harmonic oscillations at multiples of the fundamental frequency ω0. Here we used the Jakobi–Anger expansion with Iα being the modified Bessel functions of first kind. In the limit of small oscillation

Deformation-driven catalysis of nanocrystallization in amorphous Al alloys

• Rainer J. Hebert,
• John H. Perepezko,
• Harald Rösner and
• Gerhard Wilde

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1428–1433, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.134

• must have occurred throughout the metallic glass during cold rolling and not only within shear bands [50]. Recent measurements of time-dependent tracer diffusion along shear bands that showed a non-monotonic behavior with an initial increase of the diffusivity upon relaxation moreover suggest that

On the pathway of cellular uptake: new insight into the interaction between the cell membrane and very small nanoparticles

• Claudia Messerschmidt,
• Daniel Hofmann,
• Anja Kroeger,
• Katharina Landfester,
• Volker Mailänder and
• Ingo Lieberwirth

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1296–1311, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.121

• serum-containing media [8][11][13][14]. Interestingly, studies using cell models like artificial liposomes or polymersomes report the uptake of SiNPs into these structures in a size-dependent manner [15]. Different groups report that silica NPs are cytotoxic in a dose, size and time-dependent manner

The self-similarity theory of high pressure torsion

• Yan Beygelzimer,
• Roman Kulagin,
• Laszlo S. Toth and
• Yulia Ivanisenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1267–1277, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.117

• β does not explicitly appear in Equations 3–7 but the problem is time-dependent because the flow stress σs depends on the von Mises strain eM, which in turn increases with β according to Equation 8. The global solution of Equations 4–9 has the following form: where x is the position vector. 2 A self

• solution at time t0 by a simple similarity transformation: where T(t) is time-dependent. Thus, the spatial distribution of y varies with time while remaining always geometrically similar to itself. This definition generalizes the concept of similarity in geometry where two figures are called similar if one

NO gas sensing at room temperature using single titanium oxide nanodot sensors created by atomic force microscopy nanolithography

• Li-Yang Hong and
• Heh-Nan Lin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1044–1051, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.97

• sensing. After a sufficient sensing time (which is shown in blue in the current-response figures), the chamber was evacuated again for NO desorption (which is shown in white in the current-response figures). After the pumping, the sensing cycle ended and the next cycle was started. The time-dependent

Thermo-voltage measurements of atomic contacts at low temperature

• Ayelet Ofarim,
• Bastian Kopp,
• Thomas Möller,
• León Martin,
• Johannes Boneberg,
• Paul Leiderer and
• Elke Scheer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 767–775, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.68

• . To determine the resistance change caused by this temperature difference we also simulate the time-dependent sensor leads resistance due to laser heating. The simulation was fed with measured resistance values of a sample which had the same dimensions and fabrication parameters as the one used in the

• behavior along the red trace (red curve) and the green trace (green curve). b) The temperature behavior along y = 0 µm where the junction is located at position (0,0). The simulation shows a temperature difference of about 7 K. Time-dependent simulation of the resistivity of the two sensor leads due to

Finite-size effect on the dynamic and sensing performances of graphene resonators: the role of edge stress

• Chang-Wan Kim,
• Mai Duc Dai and
• Kilho Eom

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 685–696, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.61

• resonator, we need to numerically solve the equation of motion given by Equation 18, which is not straightforward. To numerically treat the equation of motion, we employed Galerkin’s method [37][38], where the transverse deflection of graphene is assumed to be in the form of with z(t) and being the time

• -dependent amplitude of transverse deflection and the deflection eigenmode, respectively. Consequently, the equation of motion can be written as shown in Equation 19. By multiplying the deflection eigenmode into Equation 19 followed by the integration by parts, the equation of motion becomes the Duffing

Tight junction between endothelial cells: the interaction between nanoparticles and blood vessels

• Yue Zhang and
• Wan-Xi Yang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 675–684, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.60

• bile duct ligation researchers suggested a relationship between the time-dependent down-regulation of the occludin expression and a time-dependent increase of superoxide radical levels in the brain [68]. Another factor, shear stress, different from normal stressors, exerts a perpendicular force on the

Unraveling the neurotoxicity of titanium dioxide nanoparticles: focusing on molecular mechanisms

• Bin Song,
• Yanli Zhang,
• Jia Liu,
• Xiaoli Feng,
• Ting Zhou and
• Longquan Shao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 645–654, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.57

• ultimately be induced. Long et al. [19][20] first revealed in their in vitro studies that TiO2 NPs can induce dose- and time-dependent elevations in H2O2 levels in BV2 cells (an immortalized brain microglia cell line). BV2 internalized TiO2 NPs and subsequently swollen mitochondria were detected by

• found that prenatal exposure to TiO2 NPs could alter the expression of neurotransmitter genes as well as genes associated with apoptosis, OS, and psychiatric disorders. TiO2 NPs decreased cell viability in PC12 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner by increasing the level of ROS and proportion of

Nanoscale effects in the characterization of viscoelastic materials with atomic force microscopy: coupling of a quasi-three-dimensional standard linear solid model with in-plane surface interactions

• Santiago D. Solares

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 554–571, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.49

• the latter penetrates deeper into the surface. For a spherical tip, for example, each SLS element interacting with the tip follows a time-dependent relaxation similar to that of a simple SLS element [14][22], with a time delay for the onset of deformation and with decreasing indentation for each

• illustrates the time-dependent relaxation behavior of the surface element directly under the tip (Figure 8b), the oscillation amplitude and phase (Figure 8c and Figure 8d, respectively), the peak force within one fundamental oscillation (Figure 8e), and the maximum indentation within one fundamental

Charge and heat transport in soft nanosystems in the presence of time-dependent perturbations

• Alberto Nocera,
• Carmine Antonio Perroni,
• Vincenzo Marigliano Ramaglia and
• Vittorio Cataudella

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 439–464, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.39

• . Effects of the electron–vibration coupling on the charge and heat transport of soft nanoscopic systems are theoretically investigated in the presence of time-dependent perturbations, such as a forcing antenna or pumping terms between the leads and the nanosystem. A well-established approach valid for non

• -equilibrium adiabatic regimes is generalized to the case where external time-dependent perturbations are present. Then, a number of relevant applications of the method are reviewed for systems composed by a quantum dot (or molecule) described by a single electronic level coupled to a vibrational mode. Results

• : Before introducing time-dependent perturbations, the range of validity of the adiabatic approach is discussed showing that a very good agreement with the results of an exact quantum calculation is obtained in the limit of low level occupation. Then, we show that the interplay between the low frequency

Hemolysin coregulated protein 1 as a molecular gluing unit for the assembly of nanoparticle hybrid structures

• Tuan Anh Pham,
• Andreas Schreiber,
• Elena V. Sturm (née Rosseeva),
• Stefan Schiller and
• Helmut Cölfen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 351–363, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.32

• network as a catalyst in the reduction reaction of 4-nitrophenol. The reduction of 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol is a standard reaction to evaluate the catalytic reactivity of NPs [34]. The evaluation is based on the time-dependent absorbance decrease of the 4-nitrophenol cation at 400 nm. The absorbance

• network. A) UV–vis spectra of a 4-nitrophenol solution at different reaction times after the addition of the catalyst showing decreased absorbance. B) The time-dependent absorbance change at 400 nm in a mixture with pure Au NPs and the Au network as catalyst. A) and B) SEM image and EDX analysis of Fe3O4

Molecular machines operating on the nanoscale: from classical to quantum

• Igor Goychuk

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 328–350, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.31

• directed currents due to broken time–space symmetries has been born. In an immediate follow-up work [44], we have, however, observed that in the above case, the directed current is produced only by breaking the time-reversal symmetry by time-dependent driving, but not otherwise. The breaking of the spatial

• modulation of the energy levels is now analyzed. The physical background of the idea of adiabatic operation is sound. However, can it be realized in popular models characterized by discrete energy levels? The minimalist model contains just one time-dependent energy