A wideband cryogenic microwave low-noise amplifier

• Boris I. Ivanov,
• Dmitri I. Volkhin,
• Ilya L. Novikov,
• Dmitri K. Pitsun,
• Dmitri O. Moskalev,
• Ilya A. Rodionov,
• Evgeni Il’ichev and
• Aleksey G. Vostretsov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1484–1491, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.131

• range up to 12 GHz were soldered directly to the microwave laminate. The feedthrough filters were used as the input biasing electrodes and the power supply cables from a micro-D cryostat connector were soldered directly to them. The first two stages of the amplifier circuit are presented in Figure 1

One-step synthesis of carbon-supported electrocatalysts

• Sebastian Tigges,
• Nicolas Wöhrl,
• Ivan Radev,
• Ulrich Hagemann,
• Markus Heidelmann,
• Thai Binh Nguyen,
• Stanislav Gorelkov,
• Stephan Schulz and
• Axel Lorke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1419–1431, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.126

• electrochemical long-term stability of these electrodes is often unsatisfactory due to particle coalescence and Ostwald ripening [15]. These degradation processes can be avoided by increasing interparticle distance (at the expense of the electrochemically active surface) or by creating barriers to prevent NP

• (including preheating), and M is the molar mass of the precursor (393.302 g/mol). The material deposition was mainly done on 1 × 1 cm2 silicon substrates. In preparation for the cyclic voltammetry measurements, glassy carbon electrodes (GCEs; diameter 4 mm, Catalog No. 013338, ALS Co., Ltd.) were used as

Triboelectric nanogenerator based on Teflon/vitamin B1 powder for self-powered humidity sensing

• Liangyi Zhang,
• Huan Li,
• Yiyuan Xie,
• Jing Guo and
• Zhiyuan Zhu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1394–1401, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.123

• result, a potential difference between the electrodes is generated. Subsequently, when the TVB-TENG is pressed again, an opposite potential difference is produced due to the triboelectrification principle. As such, there is a positive charge transfer from the top of the conductive copper foil tape of the

Controlling the proximity effect in a Co/Nb multilayer: the properties of electronic transport

• Sergey Bakurskiy,
• Mikhail Kupriyanov,
• Nikolay V. Klenov,
• Igor Soloviev,
• Andrey Schegolev,
• Roman Morari,
• Yury Khaydukov and
• Anatoli S. Sidorenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1336–1345, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.118

• electrodes (Figure 5b). The observed variation in the R(T) step-like behavior may also be due to the specific sample geometry (i.e., electrodes with horizontal and vertical orientations, Figure 4a). Due to the shape anisotropy, the “body” of the “centipede” is magnetized along the longitudinal direction

• ) segments are almost the same. This means that the source of the voltage is in the “T”-electrode, which is the source of the normal quasiparticles, while the “R”- and “V”-arms are in the superconductive state. At the same time, due to the connection between the “N”- and “R”-electrodes, the jumps occur at

• electrodes to the superconducting state. There are two possible reasons for such behavior in this system. The first one is associated with the sequential transition of the thin s-layers in the middle part of the “centipede” that was measured. This mechanism is shown in Figure 3a. In that case, thin s-layers

Effect of localized helium ion irradiation on the performance of synthetic monolayer MoS₂ field-effect transistors

• Jakub Jadwiszczak,
• Pierce Maguire,
• Conor P. Cullen,
• Georg S. Duesberg and
• Hongzhou Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1329–1335, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.117

• synthesized using a CVD microreactor method, described in detail in [33], directly on 285 nm SiO2/Si substrates, which also served as the back-gate in the FET configuration. MoS2 flakes were contacted with electrodes using standard electron beam lithography on polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) resist, followed

Structural and electronic properties of SnO₂ doped with non-metal elements

• Jianyuan Yu,
• Yingeng Wang,
• Yan Huang,
• Xiuwen Wang,
• Jing Guo,
• Jingkai Yang and
• Hongli Zhao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1321–1328, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.116

• research works has been done examining different doping elements. Doped tin oxide thin film have been widely used in the fields of thin film solar cell electrodes, electronic display devices, and gas sensors. Also doped SnO2 been used for energy-saving low-emissivity glass coatings due to low resistivity

Cryogenic low-noise amplifiers for measurements with superconducting detectors

• Ilya L. Novikov,
• Boris I. Ivanov,
• Dmitri V. Ponomarev and
• Aleksey G. Vostretsov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1316–1320, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.115

• and the capacitors have a C0G-type of dielectric. All the components were mounted on the designed layout of the printed circuit board (PCB) from FR4 material. We did not solder the electrodes of the capacitors directly to the PCB in order to reduce the mechanical stress during the cooldown cycles

Structure and electrochemical performance of electrospun-ordered porous carbon/graphene composite nanofibers

• Yi Wang,
• Yanhua Song,
• Chengwei Ye and
• Lan Xu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1280–1290, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.112

• configurations were used as a material to fabricate supercapacitor electrodes. These nanofibers were synthesized by applying a modified parallel electrode to the electrospinning method (MPEM) in order to generate electrospun polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibers containing graphene. After synthesis, these fibers

• devices [1][2], are one of the most needed energy storage devices. Their main characteristics include high energy density, high power density, and fast charging speed [3][4][5]. These instruments have electrodes that are composed of either carbonaceous materials (carbon nanotubes, graphene, carbon

• nanofibers) or metal oxides (manganese oxide, nickel oxide, RuO2, Co3O4, etc.). Carbon is the primary material used to manufacture EDLC electrodes since it has a high specific surface area, which can easily form a double layer to store more electrical energy [6][7][8][9][10]. Since there is still room for

Role of redox-active axial ligands of metal porphyrins adsorbed at solid–liquid interfaces in a liquid-STM setup

• Thomas Habets,
• Sylvia Speller and
• Johannes A. A. W. Elemans

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1264–1271, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.110

• ) to (II) [15][16], results from previous work that the substrates in an STM setup act as electrodes at which manganese porphyrins can be reduced [6][7][8], and the fact that also cobalt porphyrins can accept electrons from a HOPG surface in a liquid-STM setup [17][18]. While we have demonstrated that

• of the chloride counterion for the redox reactivity of MnTUPCl. To investigate the influence of the nature of the used electrodes, we varied the sample surfaces (HOPG and Au(111)) and the tip material (Pt90Ir10, Au and W). A summary of these experiments is given in Table 1. Additional currents were

• surface effect is highlighted by the observation that the magnitude of the observed currents is typically not mirrored when the sign of the applied bias voltage is switched (Table 1), indicating that when the two redox reactions occur at different sample electrodes this gives rise to different reaction

Ultrasensitive detection of cadmium ions using a microcantilever-based piezoresistive sensor for groundwater

• Dinesh Rotake,
• Anand Darji and
• Nitin Kale

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1242–1253, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.108

• concentrations below the limit is also hazardous. Hence, it is essential to sense Cd(II) in the picomolar (pM) range well below the specified WHO limit. The ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) fabricated by [7] are stable and precise for HMI detection, but the measurement requires by laboratory equipment. Sensors

Gas sorption porosimetry for the evaluation of hard carbons as anodes for Li- and Na-ion batteries

• Yuko Matsukawa,
• Fabian Linsenmann,
• Maximilian A. Plass,
• George Hasegawa,
• Katsuro Hayashi and
• Tim-Patrick Fellinger

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1217–1229, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.106

• ]. Theoretical studies suggest a minimum distance of around 0.37 nm in order to enable reversible intercalation of sodium ions [14]. Therefore, the use of less crystalline carbon electrodes in SIBs cannot be avoided [15]. The lower gravimetric energy density compared to LIBs (because of the higher specific

• phase separation during the preparation [28][29]. After grinding for preparation of the electrodes, however, the monolithic structure was lost (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S6). The reason why HT6 (Figure 1f) shows smaller particle diameters than the other carbons (Figure 1a–e) can be explained

• sorption. Apparently, the absolute quantification of porosity is questionable and the most accurate results may depend on how well the gas fits the studied material. Relative differences for similarly prepared materials may be helpful for the evaluation of HCs for application as anode electrodes in LIBs or

Thermophoretic tweezers for single nanoparticle manipulation

• Jošt Stergar and
• Natan Osterman

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1126–1133, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.97

• details are given in the Experimental section at the end of this paper. Similarly to other optothermal trap designs [31][32], the approach is free of any prior modifications of the substrate such as electrodes, microchannels, biochemical or local inhomogeneous surface modifications and can thus be

Monolayers of MoS₂ on Ag(111) as decoupling layers for organic molecules: resolution of electronic and vibronic states of TCNQ

• Asieh Yousofnejad,
• Gaël Reecht,
• Nils Krane,
• Christian Lotze and
• Katharina J. Franke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1062–1071, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.91

• in a scanning tunneling microscope, requires a metal electrode. To (partially) preserve the molecular properties the molecule–electrode coupling has to be properly designed. An elegant way is to clamp the molecule between electrodes via single-atom bonds at opposing sites of the molecule while the

• molecule is freely hanging between the electrodes [7][8][9][10]. While these configurations give access to important transport properties [11][12][13], they do not allow for imaging molecular properties with intramolecular resolution [14]. The latter requires the molecules to be flat lying on a surface. To

A new photodetector structure based on graphene nanomeshes: an ab initio study

• Babak Sakkaki,
• Hassan Rasooli Saghai,
• Ghafar Darvish and
• Mehdi Khatir

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1036–1044, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.88

• channel is made of a large number of GNRs of the same type arranged in the XY plane in a parallel fashion, and the device channel in the Y direction is periodic. A finite number of GNRs, each with a constant length, is placed between the electrodes in X direction. The electrodes and the channel are made

• of the same GNR type. Also, we consider the electrodes have n-type doping. The left- and the right-hand edge of the electrodes are shown in the figure with black lines. Figure 1e shows a typical GNM-based device where nanomesh channel with graphene contacts are introduced to be used in our

• is about 5 nm. The electrodes on either side of the graphene and GNM devices are made of graphene. The electrodes in all three types of devices are n-type doped. Computational Method In the first section of calculations, we perform DFT calculations by using ATK software with linear combination of

Gas-sensing features of nanostructured tellurium thin films

• Dumitru Tsiulyanu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1010–1018, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.85

• performed using a DRONE–YM1 (Burevestnik, Russia) diffractometer with Fe Kα radiation. The rotational velocity of the scintillation counter was set to be either 2 or 4°/min. For the electrical and gas-sensing characterization, the samples were supplied with symmetrical gold or platinum electrodes

• , identified in our preliminary works as ohmics [25][26], which form electrically transparent contacts with Te. The gold or copper wires were then attached to the electrodes with a silver paste. Figure 1A shows the surface morphology of a Te film grown on a Pyrex glass substrate at a rate of 10 nm/s. As shown

Atomic layer deposition for efficient oxygen evolution reaction at Pt/Ir catalyst layers

• Stefanie Schlicht,
• Korcan Percin,
• Stefanie Kriescher,
• André Hofer,
• Claudia Weidlich,
• Matthias Wessling and
• Julien Bachmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 952–959, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.79

• and 70 μg·cm−2. In both cases, the composition achieved is near the optimal 1:1 ratio of Pt to Ir. The electrodes based on the thermal decomposition method have been used and characterized in the past [6][21], and the material from the ALD method has been investigated extensively in [22][23]. In

• used here by a factor of approximately 70. The small diameter of the pores, however, means that they are not accessible to all coating methods. In particular, we have observed that thermal decomposition coating of anodized felts yields electrodes of poor electrocatalytic performance. In contrast to

• decomposition method) a somewhat lower current density for a very much lower noble metal coating. In other words it shows an activity per gram of noble metal improved by a factor of seven in comparison to the electrodes prepared with the thermal decomposition method. Of course, this result does not imply an

A Josephson junction based on a highly disordered superconductor/low-resistivity normal metal bilayer

• Pavel M. Marychev and
• Denis Yu. Vodolazov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 858–865, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.71

• are characterized by small critical current densities (significantly smaller than the depairing current density of superconducting electrodes) and a hysteretic IVC (the latter is related with the large capacitance of the insulator layer), which restricts their applicability. Elimination of hysteresis

Hexagonal boron nitride: a review of the emerging material platform for single-photon sources and the spin–photon interface

• Stefania Castelletto,
• Faraz A. Inam,
• Shin-ichiro Sato and
• Alberto Boretti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 740–769, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.61

A novel dry-blending method to reduce the coefficient of thermal expansion of polymer templates for OTFT electrodes

• Xiangdong Ye,
• Bo Tian,
• Yuxuan Guo,
• Fan Fan and
• Anjiang Cai

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 671–677, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.53

• Telecommunications, Xi’an 710121, China 10.3762/bjnano.11.53 Abstract Among the patterning technologies for organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs), the fabrication of OTFT electrodes using polymer templates has attracted much attention. However, deviations in the electrode alignment occur because the coefficient of

• achieved the alignment of OTFT electrodes using the composite template. Keywords: coefficient of thermal expansion; dry blending; organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs); OTFT electrodes; PDMS/SiO2 composite template; Introduction Organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) provide a platform to construct next

• -generation large-area, light-weight, flexible, and stretchable optoelectronic applications [1][2], including flexible displays [3], electronic papers [4], sensors [5], and medical applications [6]. Fabricating high-performance OTFTs usually requires that the electrodes on the polymer template are precisely

Exfoliation in a low boiling point solvent and electrochemical applications of MoO₃

• Matangi Sricharan,
• Bikesh Gupta,
• Sreejesh Moolayadukkam and
• H. S. S. Ramakrishna Matte

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 662–670, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.52

• were mixed with 5 wt % of PVDF and stirred overnight in NMP to form a thick paste. The paste was used to make a thin electrode film on carbon paper (1.5 cm × 1.5 cm) and dried in an oven at 60 °C. To fabricate two-electrode supercapacitors, two such electrodes were sandwiched between battery-grade

• properties of the exfoliated MoO3 nanosheets were evaluated using a three-electrode configuration and are shown in Figure 3. Figure 3a shows the cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurement of the electrodes recorded between −0.8 and −0.1 V with a scan rate of 50 mV/s. Initially, pristine exfoliated MoO3 sheets were

Comparison of fresh and aged lithium iron phosphate cathodes using a tailored electrochemical strain microscopy technique

• Matthias Simolka,
• Hanno Kaess and
• Kaspar Andreas Friedrich

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 583–596, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.46

• ]. Further information about the set-up with control experiments regarding the origin of the signal can be found in [34]. The ESM measurements were performed on micrometre-sized single particles of a cross-section of the electrodes cut as specified above. Results and Discussion Cell and cathode

• capacity loss from first charge to first discharge is attributed to surface layer generation (anode: solid electrolyte interface, SEI; cathode: solid permeable interface, SPI) on both electrodes, since they were rinsed before the full-cell assembly. After the first cycle, the capacity stays constant (not

• to visualize volume expansion of the electrodes. These results were used to link the local volume expansion of the material to its local activity. Following this assumption, a decrease of the overall ESM signal with ageing would imply a decrease of the electrochemical activity of the Li-ions in the

Electrochemically derived functionalized graphene for bulk production of hydrogen peroxide

• Munaiah Yeddala,
• Pallavi Thakur,
• Anugraha A and
• Tharangattu N. Narayanan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 432–442, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.34

• the surface area of the electrodes; and secondly, the Faradaic redox peaks in acidic CV curves, which is nearly absent under alkaline conditions. Under both conditions (alkaline and acidic), G-M1 shows the highest surface area and G-M4 showed the lowest. This systematic variation in the

• Figure 3. The electrodes exhibit capacitive (double layer) behavior in N2-saturated electrolyte, while a sharp reduction peak corresponding to oxygen reduction in O2-saturated electrolyte is shown in all the cases. The intensity of the peak (peak current density) corresponds to the ORR process and varies

• experiments were conducted using RRD electrodes where the disk current was kept at 0.358V vs RHE and the ring potential was kept at 1.5 V vs RHE. Figure 4d depicts the chronoamperograms of the ORR at the disk and H2O2 oxidation at the ring electrode for 1 h at 1600 rpm, which shows reasonable stability in the

Implementation of data-cube pump–probe KPFM on organic solar cells

• Benjamin Grévin,
• Olivier Bardagot and
• Renaud Demadrille

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 323–337, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.24

• charges. The latter can eventually reach the collection electrodes of the device. Here, the low-bandgap polymer PTB7 was used as the donor and the fullerene derivative PC71BM as the acceptor. In the BHJ configuration [26], the D and A materials should form two interpenetrated networks phase-segregated at

• deposition system (Kurt J. Lesker) for deposition of Ca (20 nm, 1.0 Å∙s−1) and Al (100 nm, 2.0 Å∙s−1) top electrodes (10.18 ± 0.1 mm2). The electrical characterization was performed in a glovebox. Current-density–voltage (J–V) curves were measured using a Keithley 2400 source measure unit. The photocurrent

Anomalous current–voltage characteristics of SFIFS Josephson junctions with weak ferromagnetic interlayers

• Tairzhan Karabassov,
• Anastasia V. Guravova,
• Aleksei Yu. Kuzin,
• Elena A. Kazakova,
• Shiro Kawabata,
• Boris G. Lvov and
• Andrey S. Vasenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 252–262, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.19

• junctions. Finally we summarize the results in the last section (“Conclusion”). Model In this section we present the theoretical model we use in our studies. The geometry of the considered system is depicted in Figure 1. It consists of two superconducting electrodes and a pair of ferromagnetic interlayers

High-performance asymmetric supercapacitor made of NiMoO₄ nanorods@Co₃O₄ on a cellulose-based carbon aerogel

• Meixia Wang,
• Jing Zhang,
• Xibin Yi,
• Benxue Liu,
• Xinfu Zhao and
• Xiaochan Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 240–251, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.18

• porous structure, the NiMoO4@Co3O4/CA ternary composite yields electrodes with an enhanced specific capacitance of 436.9 C/g at a current density of 0.5 A/g and an excellent rate capability of 70.7% capacitance retention at 5.0 A/g. Moreover, an advanced asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) is assembled using

• of the NiMoO4@Co3O4/CA electrode in a potential supercapacitor. The synthesized samples were used as working electrodes for electrochemical analysis. The electrochemical experiments were conducted by using a three-electrode testing system in a 2.0 M KOH solution. The reference electrode and the

• rate (i ∼ v1/2) owing to the diffusion-controlled battery behavior. This is further confirmed by the linear change of the current of the CV redox peaks as a function of v1/2 (Figure S3, Supporting Information File 1). To further evaluate the charge storage ability of the electrodes, galvanostatic