Gelatin nanoparticles with tunable mechanical properties: effect of crosslinking time and loading

• Agnes-Valencia Weiss,
• Daniel Schorr,
• Julia K. Metz,
• Metin Yildirim,
• Saeed Ahmad Khan and
• Marc Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 778–787, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.68

• determination of the Young’s modulus of single particles. The resulting mechanical properties could be correlated with the crosslinking time and extent. Additionally, loading of the macromolecule FITC-dextran 70 kDa into the particle matrix showed no statistically significant effect on particle sizes but

• primary amine functions, and, therefore, it cannot be crosslinked into the particle matrix by glutaraldehyde. FITC-dextran 70 kDa was loaded into nanoparticles by incorporation during precipitation and subsequent crosslinking of the nanoparticles. The fluorescence intensity was measured after enzymatic

• macromolecule to the matrix should, following our explanation, not show an effect on the elasticity of the particles as no “defects” in the network will be introduced. In line with this explanation, lysozyme-loaded GNPs exhibited a particle elasticity not significantly different from unloaded GNPs. Regarding

Recent advances in nanoarchitectures of monocrystalline coordination polymers through confined assembly

• Lingling Xia,
• Qinyue Wang and
• Ming Hu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 763–777, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.67

• connected branches suggests that the channel walls can be encapsulated by single crystals. This is a basis for the formation of composites with a single crystal matrix. When solid networks are immersed into a solution of coordination polymers, the connected space among the networks can be seen as connected

A nonenzymatic reduced graphene oxide-based nanosensor for parathion

• Sarani Sen,
• Anurag Roy,
• Ambarish Sanyal and
• Parukuttyamma Sujatha Devi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 730–744, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.65

• agricultural samples using enzyme-based nanosensors is challenging. The stability of bionanosensors also extensively depends on the viability of the corresponding biomolecule during the matrix immobilization course [9]. The main drawbacks of using bionanosensors for the selective detection of OP in actual

• samples. Thus, the primary goal of this report was to showcase the fabrication of a more effective, economical, electroactive surface in a simplified way to selectively detect PT residues in real samples. Thus, a robust sensing matrix can be used for designing a nonenzymatic POC device with a low

• matrix. Figure 6A depicts the CVs using a variation of deposited GO on bare GCE to prepare ERGO/GCE to measure the reduction and oxidation peak current for 10 μM PT in PBS, pH 7. Figure 6B shows that the highest reduction peak for 10 μM PT was obtained using 8 μL of GO to prepare modified ERGO/GCE. As

Modeling a multiple-chain emeraldine gas sensor for NH₃ and NO₂ detection

• Hana Sustkova and
• Jan Voves

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 721–729, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.64

• supposed to be in a Cartesian system. The distance between electrodes lies along the z-axis and the direction from z to −∞ is defined as “left”. Likewise, the direction from z to +∞ is defined as “right”. Now, the left density matrix contribution is calculated using NEGF [16]: and the contribution of the

• right side is calculated accordingly. In the equation, f is the Fermi–Dirac function for the electron distribution in the left or right electrode and depends on the electron temperature TL; ρ(ε) stands for the spectral density matrix, defined by the broadening function Γ and the retarded Green’s

• function G. The spectral density matrix has the form [16]: for Green’s function and broadening function and In this equation, δ+ is an infinitesimal positive number, Σ is the self-energy of the left or right electrode, S stands for the overlap matrix and H is the Hamiltonian matrix. These are defined for

Nanoarchitectonics of the cathode to improve the reversibility of Li–O₂ batteries

• Hien Thi Thu Pham,
• Jonghyeok Yun,
• So Yeun Kim,
• Sang A Han,
• Jung Ho Kim,
• Jong-Won Lee and
• Min-Sik Park

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 689–698, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.61

• of both ZIF-8- and ZIF-67-derived carbon materials. During the carbonization process, Zn forms a microporous domain with a large surface area while Co forms a mesoporous domain with a small surface area in the carbon matrix. Therefore, the surface area can be reduced with an increase in mesopore

Experimental and theoretical study of field-dependent spin splitting at ferromagnetic insulator–superconductor interfaces

• Peter Machon,
• Michael J. Wolf,
• Detlef Beckmann and
• Wolfgang Belzig

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 682–688, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.60

• the results. However, the theory is not restricted to this case. Thus, we replace the sum over the channel index n in the matrix current conservation with the number of channels, that is, However, in a phenomenological way we assume that, effectively, only a certain fraction r ∈ [0,1] of scattering

A superconducting adiabatic neuron in a quantum regime

• Marina V. Bastrakova,
• Dmitrii S. Pashin,
• Dmitriy A. Rybin,
• Andrey E. Schegolev,
• Nikolay V. Klenov,
• Igor I. Soloviev,
• Anastasiya A. Gorchavkina and
• Arkady M. Satanin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 653–665, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.57

• time are determined by the system of N coupled equations where the time-dependent matrix elements appear. Their rate of change is given by . Note that if the adiabaticity condition, is satisfied for pairs of levels, then transitions between them become improbable. We consider the case where only the

• terms of the instantaneous eigenbasis ψn(φ,t), see Equation 6, using a density matrix: Under the Born–Markov approximation, dissipative dynamics is described by the generalized master equation for the density matrix [50]. Furthermore, by keeping only the secular terms and using the random phase

• restrictions. Appendix 2 We have analyzed the evolution process on the basis of the Cayley algorithm [53]. The evolution operator of the system on a discrete time grid with a step Δt is represented as: where is the unit matrix corresponding to the dimensionality of the Hamiltonian of the system (Equation 5

Sodium doping in brookite TiO₂ enhances its photocatalytic activity

• Boxiang Zhuang,
• Honglong Shi,
• Honglei Zhang and
• Zeqian Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 599–609, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.52

• , the brookite NaxTi1−xO2 transforms into Na2Ti6O13 by a twinning process with the orientation relationship of [1−2−3]Matrix//[1−23]Twins and (−2−10)Matrix//(1−1−1)Twins. The differences in the ionic radius and the electronegativity between Na and Ti destroy the local atomic arrangement of the brookite

• interplanar spacing values are 3.5092 and 3.4619 Å, respectively. Thus, the orientation relationship between the matrix and twins is // and // The twinning effect in the brookite structure may be the major driven force of the phase transformation from the brookite NaxTi1−xO2 to Na2Ti6O13. Such transformation

• the core and the shell. (c) The HRTEM image of a twinning boundary in a brookite crystallite calcinated at 800 °C, (d) the corresponding Fourier transformation diagram of the matrix (red) and the twins (green). Listed are the direct/indirect bandgaps determined from diffuse reflectance spectra, the

A new method for obtaining the magnetic shape anisotropy directly from electron tomography images

• Cristian Radu,
• Ioana D. Vlaicu and
• Andrei C. Kuncser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 590–598, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.51

• [30]. The shape has been manipulated via the ratios c/a and c/b. The test volume was initially a 3D matrix filled with values of 0. Each time an ellipsoid was generated, its occupied volume was filled with a value of 1, and the parameters of the generated ellipsoid were added to a list (reference data

• ). The 3D matrix was saved in a mrc file in order to mimic a real tomogram. The mrc test volume was imported into Magn3t, and the obtained list of parameters was compared with the reference data. The simplest case with non-overlapping entities has been used as an initial test of the software. The results

Revealing local structural properties of an atomically thin MoSe₂ surface using optical microscopy

• Lin Pan,
• Peng Miao,
• Anke Horneber,
• Alfred J. Meixner,
• Pierre-Michel Adam and
• Dai Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 572–581, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.49

• shown in Figure 3c, it induces an increase of the electron density of states. According to Fermi’s golden rule, the electron transition probability rate wlk can be expressed as: where the g(Ek) and denote the density of states and the matrix element for the LUMO–HOMO transition, respectively. Therefore

• ]. Additionally, MoSe2 has a polar covalent bond (Mo–Se), which can induce interface dipole–dipole interactions with CuPc in a face-on orientation [24]. The dipole–dipole interaction will bring about a local symmetry-related perturbation, leading to an increase of the matrix element for the LUMO–HOMO transition

Effects of substrate stiffness on the viscoelasticity and migration of prostate cancer cells examined by atomic force microscopy

• Xiaoqiong Tang,
• Yan Zhang,
• Jiangbing Mao,
• Yuhua Wang,
• Zhenghong Zhang,
• Zhengchao Wang and
• Hongqin Yang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 560–569, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.47

• Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Developmental Biology and Neurosciences, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China 10.3762/bjnano.13.47 Abstract The stiffness of the extracellular matrix of tumour cells plays a key role in tumour cell metastasis. However, it is

• unclear how mechanical properties regulate the cellular response to the environmental matrix. In this study, atomic force microscopy (AFM) and laser confocal imaging were used to qualitatively evaluate the relationship between substrate stiffness and migration of prostate cancer (PCa) cells. Cells

• importance to the clinical management of PCa. There are many factors that mediate tumour metastasis. Of these, the extracellular matrix (ECM) is most closely associated with tumour metastasis. The ECM is made of extracellularly secreted macromolecules. It not only contains a large number of biochemical

Ciprofloxacin-loaded dissolving polymeric microneedles as a potential therapeutic for the treatment of S. aureus skin infections

• Sharif Abdelghany,
• Walhan Alshaer,
• Yazan Al Thaher,
• Maram Al Fawares,
• Amal G. Al-Bakri,
• Saja Zuriekat and
• Randa SH. Mansour

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 517–527, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.43

• incorporated into a polymer matrix of PVA and PVP with a weight ratio of (9:1), and CIP_MN2, composed of 10 mg ciprofloxacin incorporated into PVA polymer. CIP_MN1 and CIP_MN2 showed a mean microneedle height of 188 and 179 µm, respectively. Since Parafilm has been proven as a model to examine the perforation

• PVA as the matrix blend of the microneedles [35]. The CIP content in our study was 170 µg per array for CIP_MN1 and 182 µg per array for CIP_MN2. Microneedle penetration capabilities To assess the skin penetration capabilities of CIP_MN1 and CIP_MN2, we utilized Parafilm as a model to simulate human

Design and characterization of polymeric microneedles containing extracts of Brazilian green propolis

• Camila Felix Vecchi,
• Rafaela Said dos Santos,
• Jéssica Bassi da Silva and
• Marcos Luciano Bruschi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 503–516, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.42

• epidermis and, after a period, the MN system is removed [6]. Dissolvable MNs are composed of a biodegradable matrix containing the bioactive agent. When they come in contact with aqueous fluids in the skin, these needles dissolve, releasing the drug and degrading. As they are dissolvable, they do not need

• the mold obtained was cleaned and evaluated for integrity for later use. Fabrication of microneedles Polymeric MNs were prepared using the mold casting technique. The polymeric matrix, composed of PVA, PVP, P407, and the different types of PRP extract, was prepared to compose the microneedle system

• . For the development of MNs, three different concentrations of P407 and PRP extract were used in a fixed matrix of PVA/PVP using a ratio of 1:1. P407 was used at 1%, 2%, and 3% (w/w) and PRP extract at 4%, 8%, and 12% (w/w) for the ethanolic extract and 2%, 4%, and 8% (w/w) for the glycolic extract

Ethosomal (−)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate as a novel approach to enhance antioxidant, anti-collagenase and anti-elastase effects

• Çiğdem Yücel,
• Gökçe Şeker Karatoprak,
• Sena Yalçıntaş and
• Tuğba Eren Böncü

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 491–502, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.41

• consistency, color, odor, spreadability, pH, and viscosity values did not show any change [36]. In a study by Shukla et al., the best formulation, which was determined among the ETHs containing different components, was dispersed in a Carbopol 980 gel matrix prepared at 0.5–1.0% and 1.5 w/w ratios. The gel

• that green tea is a functional herb that can be used as an antiaging agent in natural health products, including food, health, and cosmetic products [40]. EGCG is one of the major compounds of green tea, which is effective in anti-wrinkle treatments by inhibiting matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) enzymes

Investigation of electron-induced cross-linking of self-assembled monolayers by scanning tunneling microscopy

• Patrick Stohmann,
• Sascha Koch,
• Yang Yang,
• Christopher David Kaiser,
• Julian Ehrens,
• Jürgen Schnack,
• Niklas Biere,
• Dario Anselmetti,
• Armin Gölzhäuser and
• Xianghui Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 462–471, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.39

• incommensurability between the monolayer and the Au surface. The stripe direction (line C) and the pair stacking direction (line D) are two different symmetry directions. The height profiles of lines A–D in Figure 2b were shown in Supporting Information File 1, Figure S1. The unit cell is described in matrix

• black) with sizes smaller than 10 nm. These slightly affected domains seem to be “embedded” in a rather amorphous matrix, which appears darker compared to the ordered domains and cannot be molecularly resolved by STM. At a dose of 10 mC/cm2, we observed the occurrence of subnanometer-sized voids within

• . Dark spots appeared in the initial stage of cross-linking. The cross-linked regions speedily grow and form an amorphous carbon matrix with reduced structural order. The fully cross-linked monolayer is characterized by the formation of subnanometer-sized voids preferably in regions of lower structural

A non-enzymatic electrochemical hydrogen peroxide sensor based on copper oxide nanostructures

• Irena Mihailova,
• Vjaceslavs Gerbreders,
• Marina Krasovska,
• Eriks Sledevskis,
• Valdis Mizers,
• Andrejs Bulanovs and
• Andrejs Ogurcovs

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 424–436, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.35

• (UHT) milk were investigated. H2O2 is present in milk samples either as a result of enzymatic activity or as an antibacterial agent [20][21][22]. For the experiment, we used 3.2% fat milk and Listerine antiseptic mouthwash from a local supermarket. To reduce the sample matrix effect, the samples were

A chemiresistive sensor array based on polyaniline nanocomposites and machine learning classification

• Jiri Kroutil,
• Alexandr Laposa,
• Ali Ahmad,
• Jan Voves,
• Vojtech Povolny,
• Ladislav Klimsa,
• Marina Davydova and
• Miroslav Husak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 411–423, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.34

• , and GPC were used to achieve the highest classification rate. This paragraph and the following paragraph about PCA and LDA follow closely the corresponding content in [27]. PCA is a linear transformation that preserves as much data variance as possible. PCA chooses a matrix T that minimizes the mean

• squared distance between original data and those reconstructed from reduced data. It has been shown that where U and Λ are the eigenvector matrix and the diagonal eigenvalues matrix of the data covariance matrix, respectively. PCA has been extensively used for gas sensor applications [28][29][30]. LDA

• provides a linear projection of the data with (c – 1) dimensions, by considering the scatter of data within each class and across classes. Projection directions are those that maximize the inter-class separation of the projected data. The LDA transformation matrix is given by where SW and ΛW are

Effect of sample treatment on the elastic modulus of locust cuticle obtained by nanoindentation

• Chuchu Li,
• Stanislav N. Gorb and
• Hamed Rajabi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 404–410, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.33

• changes in the interaction of water molecules with the chitin of the cuticle after rehydration. Insect cuticle is a biological composite with a protein matrix and embedded chitin fibers [17]. It is the only biological composite that has been modelled successfully using the modified Voigt estimate of the

• Em and Vm are elastic modulus and volume fraction of the matrix, respectively. Most of the water in the cuticle is associated with the protein matrix, where free water can be added to or taken from [1]. Thus, the elastic modulus of the matrix might not show a difference between the fresh and

Micro- and nanotechnology in biomedical engineering for cartilage tissue regeneration in osteoarthritis

• Zahra Nabizadeh,
• Mahmoud Nasrollahzadeh,
• Hamed Daemi,
• Mohamadreza Baghaban Eslaminejad,
• Ali Akbar Shabani,
• Mehdi Dadashpour,
• Majid Mirmohammadkhani and
• Davood Nasrabadi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 363–389, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.31

• involvement of micro-/nanotechnological possibilities in the process of scaffold design and fabrication [4]. Since a lot of cellular mechanisms are controlled by environmental stimuli (cell signaling molecules, extracellular matrix, and bioactive macromolecules) on the nanoscale, the recognition and

• understood before developing a mimicking construct. Articular cartilage, which is characterized by its extensive extracellular matrix (ECM), is a highly specialized connective tissue [5]. Hyaline cartilage is a semitransparent tissue located in the articular cartilage of all joints where it provides a low

• -friction, wear resistant surface for joint motion [6][7]. It is an avascular, aneural, alymphatic, and hypocellular tissue consisting of a single cell type (chondrocyte) dispersed in a dense matrix [6]. Chondrocytes, which constitute only about 5% of the wet weight of the articular cartilage, are

A broadband detector based on series YBCO grain boundary Josephson junctions

• Egor I. Glushkov,
• Alexander V. Chiginev,
• Leonid S. Kuzmin and
• Leonid S. Revin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 325–333, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.27

• calculated for the case that a plane wave was incident on the structure through the lens. In the second method, the full matrix of the antenna input impedance Z was calculated for all ports in the emission regime. The first calculation method is well applicable for low frequencies, while for high frequencies

• the duration of calculations increases significantly with a decrease in the step of the computation grid. The second method works well for a small number of ports; with an increase in the number of receiving elements, the computation time for the complete Z-matrix increases. Both methods give similar

• electrodynamics is taken into account through the amplitudes of the external signal Ai followed from the previous section. A complete model of the antenna interacting with the nonlinear resonance circuit (Josephson junction) through the Y-matrix is currently being developed. This model will allow one to

Interfacial nanoarchitectonics for ZIF-8 membranes with enhanced gas separation

• Season S. Chen,
• Zhen-Jie Yang,
• Chia-Hao Chang,
• Hoong-Uei Koh,
• Sameerah I. Al-Saeedi,
• Kuo-Lun Tung and
• Kevin C.-W. Wu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 313–324, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.26

• membranes synthesized in this work (Figure 8b). The type of MOF has an influence on the gas separation performance, for instance, CAU-1 exhibits a higher CO2 adsorption capacity than ZIF-8 [45], which may lead to a higher gas permeance. Compared with MOF mixed-matrix membranes (MMMs), ZIF-8 membranes

• (turquois squares) [46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59], MOF membranes supported on substrates (blue squares) [50][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69][70][71][72][73][74][75][76][77][78][79][80][81][82][83][84], and MOF mixed matrix membranes (brown squares) [85][86][87][88][89][90

Plasma modes in capacitively coupled superconducting nanowires

• Alex Latyshev,
• Andrew G. Semenov and
• Andrei D. Zaikin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 292–297, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.24

• matrix that accounts for plasma modes propagating along the wires. In order to evaluate the velocities of plasma modes in the presence of electromagnetic coupling between the wires it is necessary to diagonalize the velocity matrix and to determine its eigenvalues v±. Making use of Equation 3 after a

Systematic studies into uniform synthetic protein nanoparticles

• Nahal Habibi,
• Ava Mauser,
• Jeffery E. Raymond and
• Joerg Lahann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 274–283, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.22

• matrix proteins on the physical properties of the respective nanoparticles. Specifically, this work systematically explores the relationship between SPNP formulation parameters and nanoparticle morphology, while also providing detailed insights into size distributions and uniformities. Results and

Effects of drug concentration and PLGA addition on the properties of electrospun ampicillin trihydrate-loaded PLA nanofibers

• Tuğba Eren Böncü and
• Nurten Ozdemir

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 245–254, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.19

• tissue engineering and drug delivery systems. Electrospinning is the most commonly used polymeric nanofiber preparation method, because it is an easy, single-step, low-cost, and reproducible method. It allows for the production of extracellular matrix-like nanofibers that can be easily scaled up and has

• different properties with many polymers and solvents [1][2][3][4]. Drug-loaded electrospun polymeric nanofibers have many unique properties, such as accelerating healing, controlled drug release, stimulation of cell growth and proliferation due to their similarity to the extracellular matrix, large surface

• heterogeneous matrix instead of a homogeneous one. The addition of PLGA with different concentrations did not cause any changes in the encapsulation efficiency. All PLA/PLGA nanofibers were shown to have favorable encapsulation efficiency (approx. 90%). Dissolution studies In vitro drug release from PLA and PLA

Relationship between corrosion and nanoscale friction on a metallic glass

• Haoran Ma and
• Roland Bennewitz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 236–244, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.18

• in phosphate buffer. Pitting has been reported for many MG surfaces after polarization in chloride solutions [22][23][24][25]. Pitting corrosion is induced by heterogeneity or discontinuity of the amorphous matrix, for example, by crystalline inclusions [24]. On the surface shown in Figure 1b