ZnO nanoparticles sensitized by CuInZn_xS_2+x quantum dots as highly efficient solar light driven photocatalysts

• Florian Donat,
• Serge Corbel,
• Halima Alem,
• Steve Pontvianne,
• Lavinia Balan,
• Ghouti Medjahdi and
• Raphaël Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1080–1093, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.110

• Sollers slits) and an X'Celerator as a detector. The powder samples were placed on a silicon zero-background sample holder and the XRD patterns were recorded at room temperature using Cu Kα radiation (λ = 0.15418 nm). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses were performed on a Gammadata Scienta

Triptycene-terminated thiolate and selenolate monolayers on Au(111)

• Jinxuan Liu,
• Martin Kind,
• Björn Schüpbach,
• Daniel Käfer,
• Stefanie Winkler,
• Wenhua Zhang,
• Andreas Terfort and
• Christof Wöll

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 892–905, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.91

• out of ethanolic solution onto Au(111) surfaces. The resulting films were investigated using a complementary set of spectroscopic methods, namely ultra-high vacuum (UHV) infrared reflection–absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), near-edge X-ray absorption fine

• accessible XPS instrumentation, it was not possible to obtain S 2p and Se 3p photoelectron spectra. The purpose of the XP spectra was the evaluation of the Au 4f and the C 2s resonances to obtain layer thicknesses [34]. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements were performed at room temperature

Graphene functionalised by laser-ablated V₂O₅ for a highly sensitive NH₃ sensor

• Margus Kodu,
• Artjom Berholts,
• Tauno Kahro,
• Mati Kook,
• Peeter Ritslaid,
• Helina Seemen,
• Tea Avarmaa,
• Harry Alles and
• Raivo Jaaniso

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 571–578, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.61

• . The oxidation state of vanadium was determined by means of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Figure 3 depicts the O 1s and V 2p regions in the XPS spectrum measured from the surface of the sample after the PLD process. Because the source was not monochromatic, the V 2p1/2 region is not usable

Impact of air exposure and annealing on the chemical and electronic properties of the surface of SnO₂ nanolayers deposited by rheotaxial growth and vacuum oxidation

• Monika Kwoka and
• Maciej Krzywiecki

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 514–521, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.55

• -oxide electronics; X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS); Introduction For many years, tin dioxide (SnO2) has been widely used as the active material for resistive-type gas sensors for oxidizing and reducing gases [1], thin transparent electrodes and barrier layers in solar cells [2]. This is related

• results in SnO2 nanolayers of controlled nonstoichiometry/stoichiometry depending on the intended application. This paper presents the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results on the variation of surface chemistry and electronic properties of RGVO SnO2 nanolayers after exposure to air and subsequent

• photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The layers were tested i) pristine, ii) after air exposure and iii) after UHV annealing to validate perspective recovery procedures of the sensing layers. XPS results showed that the pristine RGVO SnO2 nanolayers are of high purity with a ratio [O]/[Sn] = 1.62 and almost no

Formation and shape-control of hierarchical cobalt nanostructures using quaternary ammonium salts in aqueous media

• Ruchi Deshmukh,
• Anurag Mehra and
• Rochish Thaokar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 494–505, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.53

• diffractometer using Cu Kα1 radiation. The magnetic properties of the samples dried in a vacuum desiccator were determined by vibrating sample magnetometry (Quantum Design, USA). The samples were also analyzed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS, VG Micro Tech ESCA-3000) using non-monochromatic, Al Kα

Study of the surface properties of ZnO nanocolumns used for thin-film solar cells

• Neda Neykova,
• Jiri Stuchlik,
• Karel Hruska,
• Ales Poruba,
• Zdenek Remes and
• Ognen Pop-Georgievski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 446–451, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.48

• surface properties of ZnO NCs and the binding state of present elements were investigated before and after different plasma treatments, typically used in plasma-enhanced CVD solar cell deposition processes, by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Photothermal deflection spectroscopy (PDS) was used to

• capacitively coupled radio frequency plasma reactor KIII [24] at 20 W, 1 mbar for 1, 5, 10 and 25 min at room temperature [25][26][27]. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) XPS measurements were performed using a K-Alpha+ XPS spectrometer (ThermoFisher Scientific, UK) operating at a base pressure of 1.0 × 10

Methods for preparing polymer-decorated single exchange-biased magnetic nanoparticles for application in flexible polymer-based films

• Laurence Ourry,
• Delphine Toulemon,
• Souad Ammar and
• Fayna Mammeri

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 408–417, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.43

• catalytic Cu-PMDETA complex, with polymerization times of 1 to 3 h. The polymer coating was characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) [15]. For all samples the grafted chain density was 1.4 chain nm−2, i.e., significantly higher than the results previously

• analyses (TGA) were performed in air on a Labsys-Evo device with a heating rate of 10 °C min−1. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements were performed on as-prepared and functionalized ENPs using a Thermo VG ESCALAB 250 instrument equipped with a micro-focused, monochromatic Al Kα X-ray source

Colorimetric gas detection by the varying thickness of a thin film of ultrasmall PTSA-coated TiO₂ nanoparticles on a Si substrate

• Urmas Joost,
• Andris Šutka,
• Meeri Visnapuu,
• Aile Tamm,
• Meeri Lembinen,
• Mikk Antsov,
• Kathriin Utt,
• Krisjanis Smits,
• Ergo Nõmmiste and
• Vambola Kisand

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 229–236, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.25

• /mixture of TiO2 and voids) was used for modelling and fitting both thickness and refractive index using the standard three-angle data sets. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used for investigating the chemical state and elemental composition of the NP-based films after different treatments. XPS

Phosphorus-doped silicon nanorod anodes for high power lithium-ion batteries

• Chao Yan,
• Qianru Liu,
• Jianzhi Gao,
• Zhibo Yang and
• Deyan He

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 222–228, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.24

• phosphorus in the Si layer was further proved by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis as shown in Supporting Information File 1, Figure S1. The two peaks at 130.47 eV and 129.74 eV as shown in Supporting Information File 1, Figure S1 could be ascribed to P 2p1/2 and P 2p3/2, respectively

Nitrogen-doped twisted graphene grown on copper by atmospheric pressure CVD from a decane precursor

• Ivan V. Komissarov,
• Nikolai G. Kovalchuk,
• Vladimir A. Labunov,
• Ksenia V. Girel,
• Olga V. Korolik,
• Mikhail S. Tivanov,
• Algirdas Lazauskas,
• Mindaugas Andrulevičius,
• Tomas Tamulevičius,
• Viktoras Grigaliūnas,
• Šarunas Meškinis,
• Sigitas Tamulevičius and
• Serghej L. Prischepa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 145–158, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.15

• for X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements. The base pressure in the analytical chamber was lower than 2 × 10−7 Pa. The 20 eV and 40 eV pass energy values of a hemispherical electron energy analyzer were used for the survey and high resolution spectra acquisition, respectively. The energy

Fundamental properties of high-quality carbon nanofoam: from low to high density

• Natalie Frese,
• Shelby Taylor Mitchell,
• Christof Neumann,
• Amanda Bowers,
• Armin Gölzhäuser and
• Klaus Sattler

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 2065–2073, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.197

• Bielefeld, Germany 10.3762/bjnano.7.197 Abstract Highly uniform samples of carbon nanofoam from hydrothermal sucrose carbonization were studied by helium ion microscopy (HIM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Raman spectroscopy. Foams with different densities were produced by changing the

• with a 10x microscope objective. A thermoelectrically-cooled CCD detector was applied to detect the scattered photon intensity. For the measurement, the foam was mounted on conductive carbon tape. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was performed in a UHV system

Effect of Anderson localization on light emission from gold nanoparticle aggregates

• Mohamed H. Abdellatif,
• Marco Salerno,
• Gaser N. Abdelrasoul,
• Ioannis Liakos,
• Alice Scarpellini,
• Sergio Marras and
• Alberto Diaspro

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 2013–2022, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.192

• decay, allowing for the detection of the different lifetimes. The shift in the binding energy of Au for the core level 4f7/2 and 4f5/2 from the bulk value of the AuNP aggregates was measured by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) performed using an electron spectrometer (Lab2, Specs, Berlin, Germany

Surface roughness rather than surface chemistry essentially affects insect adhesion

• Matt W. England,
• Tomoya Sato,
• Makoto Yagihashi,
• Atsushi Hozumi,
• Stanislav N. Gorb and
• Elena V. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1471–1479, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.139

• ±2°. Surface chemical properties of the surfaces of the samples were studied by applying X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Spectra were obtained using a Physical Electronics Quantum 2000 spectrometer with 200 μm spot size and monochromatic Al Kα radiation (1486.68 eV). The X-ray source was

Microwave synthesis of high-quality and uniform 4 nm ZnFe₂O₄ nanocrystals for application in energy storage and nanomagnetics

• Christian Suchomski,
• Ben Breitung,
• Ralf Witte,
• Michael Knapp,
• Sondes Bauer,
• Tilo Baumbach,
• Christian Reitz and
• Torsten Brezesinski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1350–1360, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.126

• photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Mössbauer spectroscopy. Figure 3a–c presents detailed XPS spectra of the Fe 2p, O 1s and C 1s core level regions. The Fe 2p spectrum shows a single doublet with strong satellite peaks around 8 eV higher in binding energy than the main peaks. This result is characteristic of

• chemical methods are known to often have a partially inverted structure [30][31][32]. Therefore, the cation site occupancy in the ZFO nanoparticles employed in this work was expected to differ from that of bulk material. The distribution of Fe among the tetrahedral and octahedral sites was studied by X-ray

High performance Ce-doped ZnO nanorods for sunlight-driven photocatalysis

• Bilel Chouchene,
• Tahar Ben Chaabane,
• Lavinia Balan,
• Emilien Girot,
• Kevin Mozet,
• Ghouti Medjahdi and
• Raphaël Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1338–1349, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.125

• formation of CeO2 was further confirmed by Raman spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis. Figure 2 shows the Raman spectra of undoped and Ce-doped ZnO rods excited by the 532 nm line of a YAG laser. The peaks located at 332, 379, and 437 cm−1 can be assigned to 2E2, A1(To), and E2

Improved lithium-ion battery anode capacity with a network of easily fabricated spindle-like carbon nanofibers

• Mengting Liu,
• Wenhe Xie,
• Lili Gu,
• Tianfeng Qin,
• Xiaoyi Hou and
• Deyan He

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1289–1295, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.120

• -SEM, S-4800, Hitachi) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM, FEI, Tecnai G2 F30). X-ray powder diffraction (XRD, X’Pert Pro, Philips), Raman spectroscopy (Jobin–Yvon Horiba, HR800) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS, Kratos, Axis UltraDLD) analyses were carried out to determine the chemical

Straightforward and robust synthesis of monodisperse surface-functionalized gold nanoclusters

• Silvia Varela-Aramburu,
• Richard Wirth,
• Chian-Hui Lai,
• Guillermo Orts-Gil and
• Peter H. Seeberger

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1278–1283, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.118

• agent. By serendipity we discovered a novel one-pot method to prepare gold nanoclusters using 1-thioglucose at room temperature. This simple and robust synthesis produces stable, and monodisperse nanoclusters. Oxidation of the carbohydrate results in carboxylic acid as determined by X-ray photoelectron

• spectroscopy (XPS). Coupling to the carboxylic acids or addition of thiols functionalizes the NCs that are taken up by cells but are less cytotoxic than NCs prepared by other methods. During experiments exploring different methods for the synthesis of gold tetrapods [26], we found that simply the addition of 1

Multiwalled carbon nanotube hybrids as MRI contrast agents

• Nikodem Kuźnik and
• Mateusz M. Tomczyk

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1086–1103, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.102

• materials are rare. Only Marangon stated that the morphology of the nanotube skeleton was not affected by the functionalization [36]. Additionally, Yin, based on XRD and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements, concluded that, once anchored, SPIO nanoparticles are tightly bonded to the nanotube

Efficient electron-induced removal of oxalate ions and formation of copper nanoparticles from copper(II) oxalate precursor layers

• Kai Rückriem,
• Sarah Grotheer,
• Henning Vieker,
• Paul Penner,
• André Beyer,
• Armin Gölzhäuser and
• Petra Swiderek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 852–861, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.77

• infrared spectroscopy (RAIRS). Helium ion microscopy (HIM) reveals the formation of spherical nanoparticles with well-defined size and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) confirms their metallic nature. Continued irradiation after depletion of oxalate does not lead to further particle growth giving

• to eliminate water vapor and carbon dioxide. Background spectra were recorded on a MUA SAM. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy XPS was conducted at the Bielefeld University in a multi-technique UHV instrument (Multiprobe, Omicron Nanotechnology). Samples were stored under argon atmosphere in sealed

Selective photocatalytic reduction of CO₂ to methanol in CuO-loaded NaTaO₃ nanocubes in isopropanol

• Tianyu Xiang,
• Feng Xin,
• Jingshuai Chen,
• Yuwen Wang,
• Xiaohong Yin and
• Xiao Shao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 776–783, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.69

• visible light absorbance correlates with the formation rate and increase in electrons and holes on the photocatalyst surface [35]. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were carried out to confirm that CuO was loaded onto the surface of NaTaO3 nanocubes

Orientation of FePt nanoparticles on top of a-SiO₂/Si(001), MgO(001) and sapphire(0001): effect of thermal treatments and influence of substrate and particle size

• Martin Schilling,
• Paul Ziemann,
• Zaoli Zhang,
• Johannes Biskupek,
• Ute Kaiser and
• Ulf Wiedwald

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 591–604, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.52

• [22][31]. Prior to in situ characterization, the films were reduced by exposure to a hydrogen plasma. The composition and the chemical state of the FePt NPs and films were measured by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) using Al Kα radiation directly after reduction in hydrogen plasma and after

Rigid multipodal platforms for metal surfaces

• Michal Valášek,
• Marcin Lindner and
• Marcel Mayor

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 374–405, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.34

• by an applied potential on gold substrates [100]. Although 1 is an effective linking agent for binding surface probes, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements revealed that monolayers of 1 are substantially disordered, with an average of 30% of the thiol groups not being bound to the gold

Case studies on the formation of chalcogenide self-assembled monolayers on surfaces and dissociative processes

• Yongfeng Tong,
• Tingming Jiang,
• Azzedine Bendounan,
• Makri Nimbegondi Kotresh Harish,
• Angelo Giglia,
• Stefan Kubsky,
• Fausto Sirotti,
• Luca Pasquali,
• Srinivasan Sampath and
• Vladimir A. Esaulov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 263–277, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.24

• deduced from X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) studies. Thus, it was noted in the Pd case that the S 2p region spectra differed significantly from those observed for Au and Ag substrates. This is because of contributions from both atomic and thiolate sulfur. The situation is in general complicated by

3D solid supported inter-polyelectrolyte complexes obtained by the alternate deposition of poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) and poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate)

• Eduardo Guzmán,
• Armando Maestro,
• Sara Llamas,
• Jesús Álvarez-Rodríguez,
• Francisco Ortega,
• Ángel Maroto-Valiente and
• Ramón G. Rubio

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 197–208, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.18

• made using the software Package Parrat 32 from HMI (Berlin, Germany). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy Surface chemical analysis of the samples was carried out by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) by using an ESCAPROBE P (Omnicron) spectrometer. The measurements were carried out with a Mg Kα

• photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) provides valuable information about the surface chemistry of the samples. A method to provide depth profiles (with different penetration depths, x) is angle-resolved XPS. In this method the electron path through the solid, i.e., three times the inelastic mean free path, is

• low level of ionic cross-linking, which leads to their rigidification upon dehydration. This is in accordance with the results obtained by Secrist and Nolte for spin-coated multilayers of (poly(allylamine) + poly(acrylic acid))N [52]. Internal structure: evidence of a non-stratified system X-ray

Synthesis and applications of carbon nanomaterials for energy generation and storage

• Marco Notarianni,
• Jinzhang Liu,
• Kristy Vernon and
• Nunzio Motta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 149–196, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.17

• lateral size ranges from 100 nm to several μm [112] (Figure 19). Before reduction, the C/O ratio is typically 4:1 to 2:1 [113][114] and can be reduced to 12:1 [115] or even to 246:1 [99], as was recently obtained. The C/O ratio is usually characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) because of