Peptide-equipped tobacco mosaic virus templates for selective and controllable biomineral deposition

• Klara Altintoprak,
• Axel Seidenstücker,
• Alexander Welle,
• Sabine Eiben,
• Petia Atanasova,
• Nina Stitz,
• Alfred Plettl,
• Joachim Bill,
• Hartmut Gliemann,
• Holger Jeske,
• Dirk Rothenstein,
• Fania Geiger and
• Christina Wege

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1399–1412, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.145

• because chemical synthesis or technical approaches applied at mild conditions commonly generate spherical structures [14]. Mineral nanofibers of predetermined size are of major importance for the preparation of functional films and extended 3D materials. Hence, anisotropic scaffolds such as high molecular

Nanomechanical humidity detection through porous alumina cantilevers

• Olga Boytsova,
• Alexey Klimenko,
• Vasiliy Lebedev,
• Alexey Lukashin and
• Andrey Eliseev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1332–1337, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.137

• foil with a conventional photolithography process (Figure 1). Using the lithography approach for AAO pattern formation mostly becomes possible due to selective and anisotropic etching of anodic alumina films on aluminium in basic solutions. On the other hand anodic oxidation itself enables easy control

• cantilever arrays in microsensors with ultra-low detection limits. The study has to be considered as an initial experiment to focus on the profound understanding of micromechanical behavior of anisotropic porous materials having a high specific surface area, such as anodic alumina films. Experimental

Polymer blend lithography for metal films: large-area patterning with over 1 billion holes/inch²

• Cheng Huang,
• Alexander Förste,
• Stefan Walheim and
• Thomas Schimmel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1205–1211, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.123

• hierarchical micro–nano structures for applications such as cell-adhesion studies [36][37]. Metals like Cr, Au or Cu are good etching resists. Therefore the metal masks could be used to amplify the topographic contrast by anisotropic etching into the substrate with techniques such as reactive ion etching [38

• be used for various applications, e.g., in cell adhesion studies, for the immobilization of biomaterials, for plasmonics such as optical filters or as resist layers for anisotropic reactive ion etching. The wavelength-selective optical transmission of our perforated films due to the localized surface

Magnetic properties of self-organized Co dimer nanolines on Si/Ag(110)

• Lisa Michez,
• Kai Chen,
• Fabien Cheynis,
• Frédéric Leroy,
• Alain Ranguis,
• Haik Jamgotchian,
• Margrit Hanbücken and
• Laurence Masson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 777–784, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.80

• /bjnano.6.80 Abstract We demonstrate the kinetically controlled growth of one-dimensional Co nanomagnets with a high lateral order on a nanopatterned Ag(110) surface. First, self-organized Si nanoribbons are formed upon submonolayer condensation of Si on the anisotropic Ag(110) surface. Depending on the

• as compared to the bulk material. Concerning 1D nanostructures, additional effects, especially with regards to magnetic anisotropy, are expected, related to their anisotropic shape [1][19][20]. Since metallic substrates are known to strongly influence the magnetic properties of the supported

• on the formation of the Si NRs, which are stable below 550 K and are subsequently used to guide the growth of the Co nanolines. In their pioneering work, Leandri et al. reported that upon submonolayer Si deposition at RT on the anisotropic Ag(110) surface, isolated Si NRs spontaneously form [23]. As

Mapping of elasticity and damping in an α + β titanium alloy through atomic force acoustic microscopy

• M. Kalyan Phani,
• Anish Kumar,
• T. Jayakumar,
• Walter Arnold and
• Konrad Samwer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 767–776, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.79

• be obtained by using the bulk E and ν values of the SHT at 1323 K. Kumar et al. [13] reported that the isotropic indentation modulus obtained with the bulk measurements does not vary much with the anisotropic modulus measured on different crystallographic planes. By using a similar approach, the

Electromagnetic enhancement of ordered silver nanorod arrays evaluated by discrete dipole approximation

• Guoke Wei,
• Jinliang Wang and
• Yu Chen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 686–696, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.69

• mechanism in OAD AgNR arrays is still limited. In addition to EM mechanism, surface effect and anisotropic absorbance of molecules were proposed to interpret the SERS enhancement from the AgNR array substrate [18]. Limited systematic studies on OAD AgNR array structures and different measurement conditions

• were investigated except in the sections of structure dependence and excitation-wavelength dependence. Results and Discussion Extinction for isolated nanorods and nanorod arrays Typically, metal nanoparticle with anisotropic structure shows multiple plasmon resonances associated with different modes

In situ observation of biotite (001) surface dissolution at pH 1 and 9.5 by advanced optical microscopy

• Chiara Cappelli,
• Daniel Lamarca-Irisarri,
• Jordi Camas,
• F. Javier Huertas and
• Alexander E. S. Van Driessche

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 665–673, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.67

• locations. These observations are in accordance with the results of recent studies that argue about the validity of an average dissolution rate value for complex minerals [32][33]. The novel concept of a rate spectrum was introduced for the complex anisotropic dissolution of mineral surfaces; this implies

Overview of nanoscale NEXAFS performed with soft X-ray microscopes

• Peter Guttmann and
• Carla Bittencourt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 595–604, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.61

• thin film devices (SrTiO3) could be demonstrated [64]. The change of resistance in a RRAM device could be assigned to a redox-process. The switching filament could be allocated to extended growth defects which are already present in the virgin films. Synthesis of anisotropic core-shell Fe3O4@Au

Conformal SiO₂ coating of sub-100 nm diameter channels of polycarbonate etched ion-track channels by atomic layer deposition

• Nicolas Sobel,
• Christian Hess,
• Manuela Lukas,
• Anne Spende,
• Bernd Stühn,
• M. E. Toimil-Molares and
• Christina Trautmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 472–479, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.48

• respect to the X-ray beam (e.g., γ = 20°), the SAXS patterns become highly anisotropic consisting of a narrow streak parallel to the axis of rotation. This pronounced dependence on the angle originates from the large length-to-diameter ratio of the channels. The scattered intensity, I(q), in the streak is

Electrical response of liquid crystal cells doped with multi-walled carbon nanotubes

• Amanda García-García,
• Ricardo Vergaz,
• José F. Algorri,
• Xabier Quintana and
• José M. Otón

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 396–403, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.39

• characteristic impedance has been studied at different frequencies and excitation voltages. The results demonstrate alterations in the anisotropic conductivity of the samples with the applied electric field, which can be followed by monitoring the impedance evolution with the excitation voltage. Results are

• semiconductive, while in multi-walled CNTs (MWCNT) it is always metallic [10]. The almost one-dimensional structure leads to a long-range ballistic electron transport in metallic CNTs [10][11]. LCs are self-organized anisotropic fluids, whose long-range orientation (called director) can be induced by surface

• LC cells under different conditions seems to be missing. This could be achieved by studying the impedance evolution of the doped cells with voltage and frequency. Indeed, the electrical response may be fairly complex since dielectric and anisotropic conductive elements are present in the system. The

Synthesis, characterization, monolayer assembly and 2D lanthanide coordination of a linear terphenyl-di(propiolonitrile) linker on Ag(111)

• Zhi Chen,
• Svetlana Klyatskaya,
• José I. Urgel,
• David Écija,
• Olaf Fuhr,
• Willi Auwärter,
• Johannes V. Barth and
• Mario Ruben

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 327–335, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.31

• single crystal X-ray structure analysis at 180 K. Compound 2 crystallizes in a monoclinic system with space group P21/n, while 3 crystallizes in the triclinic system with space group P-1. The anisotropic displacement ellipsoids and atom labelling (ORTEP plots) of compounds 2 and 3 are shown in Figure 2a

• . The structures were solved by direct methods (SHELX-97) [56]. Refinement was performed with anisotropic temperature factors for all non-hydrogen atoms. Crystal data and the results of the refinement are collected in Supporting Information File 1, Tables S1–4. Molecular diagrams were prepared using

Inorganic Janus particles for biomedical applications

• Isabel Schick,
• Steffen Lorenz,
• Dominik Gehrig,
• Stefan Tenzer,
• Wiebke Storck,
• Karl Fischer,
• Dennis Strand,
• Frédéric Laquai and
• Wolfgang Tremel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2346–2362, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.244

• are the formation of anisotropic, namely elongated structures, whereby the variation of the aspect ratio allows control of the electron–hole overlap. This leads to an exceptional size-dependent quantum Stark effect due to the increased spatial volume enabling effective charge carrier separation [20

• -restricted for small differences in lattice constants. For large differences, however, the growth is confined to distinct crystal planes by minimizing the lattice mismatch, which in turn leads to the formation of anisotropic structures [54][62]. At the same time, despite lattice match, it is possible to

• corona increases the complexity even more. Figure 18 shows a comparison of the composition of the protein corona for isotropic Fe3O4@SiO2 and MnO@SiO2 as well as anisotropic Au@MnO@SiO2 Janus particles. As was observed for pure SiO2 nanoparticles [114], a significant enrichment of lipoproteins and

Two-dimensional and tubular structures of misfit compounds: Structural and electronic properties

• Tommy Lorenz,
• Jan-Ole Joswig and
• Gotthard Seifert

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2171–2178, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.226

• performed by Auriel et al. [42] showed a highly anisotropic metallic behaviour of misfit layer compounds; some of them even showed a transition to superconductivity at temperatures less than 6 K. A small intrinsic charge transfer could explain such physical properties. However, it is quite improbable that

Nanometer-resolved mechanical properties around GaN crystal surface steps

• Jörg Buchwald,
• Marina Sarmanova,
• Bernd Rauschenbach and
• Stefan G. Mayr

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2164–2170, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.225

• presented by Vlassak and Nix [20], who connected the indentation modulus to the Barnett–Lothe tensors for anisotropic materials [21]. For the one-atom indentation, (Figure 3), M behaves similarly to stress fluctuations with better convergence below the step and a similar decrease in the elastic constants on

Optical properties and electrical transport of thin films of terbium(III) bis(phthalocyanine) on cobalt

• Peter Robaschik,
• Pablo F. Siles,
• Daniel Bülz,
• Peter Richter,
• Manuel Monecke,
• Michael Fronk,
• Svetlana Klyatskaya,
• Daniel Grimm,
• Oliver G. Schmidt,
• Mario Ruben,
• Dietrich R. T. Zahn and
• Georgeta Salvan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2070–2078, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.215

• consistent fitting procedure (experimental data and model fit for one sample: Supporting Information File 1, Figure S1). From the numerical analysis we can extract the anisotropic dielectric function as well as the thickness of the different layers in the stack. The most prominent absorption bands, namely

• crystalline grains in the film [29]. A decrease in the hole mobility values with increasing film thickness is therefore at a first glance surprising. However, considering the anisotropic hole transport in the phthalocyanines (with higher mobility in the direction of the π–π stacking in a molecular crystal

Dissipation signals due to lateral tip oscillations in FM-AFM

• Michael Klocke and
• Dietrich E. Wolf

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2048–2057, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.213

• /r2. The single mass point at (x, z) appears to have an anisotropic mass, as mx ≠ mz. The interaction between tip and surface can be described by different models [31]. If both the tip and the substrate are ionic crystals, we can imagine a charge q at the surface, which has a fixed position taken as

Probing the electronic transport on the reconstructed Au/Ge(001) surface

• Franciszek Krok,
• Mark R. Kaspers,
• Alexander M. Bernhart,
• Marek Nikiel,
• Benedykt R. Jany,
• Paulina Indyka,
• Mateusz Wojtaszek,
• Rolf Möller and
• Christian A. Bobisch

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1463–1471, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.159

• atomic scale leads to contact, e.g., small atomic structures or molecules. The anisotropic transport properties of this surface structure have triggered controversial discussions within the scientific community [7][8][9]. However, to access the anisotropic transport properties, a significant electron

Restructuring of an Ir(210) electrode surface by potential cycling

• Khaled A. Soliman,
• Dieter M. Kolb,
• Ludwig A. Kibler and
• Timo Jacob

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1349–1356, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.148

• ) surface (Figure 6c). These triangular structures are very similar to the thermally-induced faceted Ir(210) surface [19][20] and to samples prepared under UHV conditions [22]. For the case of 240 min potential cycling, anisotropic groove structures are formed that seem to be even more stable than the

• H2SO4induces surface restructuring. Different structure types are forming as a function of cycling time. Triangular structures are obtained after 20 min and/or 60 min of potential cycling between −0.28 and 0.7 V, while an anisotropic groove structure is formed after 240 min. The restructured Ir(210) surfaces

Review of nanostructured devices for thermoelectric applications

• Giovanni Pennelli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1268–1284, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.141

• process, based on electron beam lithography, anisotropic silicon etching and stress-limited oxidation, is shown in the sketches of Figure 7. This process [91][92][93] has been developed on a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) substrate, <100> oriented, which is becoming largely employed in the semiconductor

• . Plasma etching/ reactive ion etching (RIE), which is a standard process in integrated circuit fabrication, can be used. However, a simple and more convenient technique is the wet silicon anisotropic etching in alkaline solutions [98][99], typically based on potassium hydroxide (KOH) or

• , the nanowire has a very regular trapezoidal cross-section, the minor base of which at the top is a {100} plane with a width Wtop determined by the lithography. The sloping walls are {111} crystalline planes, where the anisotropic etching stopped. The major base at the bottom has a width W that depends

Dry friction of microstructured polymer surfaces inspired by snake skin

• Martina J. Baum,
• Lars Heepe,
• Elena Fadeeva and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1091–1103, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.122

• microstructure investigated in this study was inspired by the anisotropic microornamentation of scales from the ventral body side of the California King Snake (Lampropeltis getula californiae). Frictional properties of snake-inspired microstructured polymer surface (SIMPS) made of epoxy resin were characterised

• ) to reduce skin material abrasion by generating low friction in forward sliding along the substrate [4]. Anisotropic frictional properties of the snake skin were previously shown by several tribological studies using various techniques at the macro scale [5][6][7][8][9], meso scale [10], and nano

• the snake, see Figure 1b) with anisotropic frictional properties [10]. However, the complexity of the microstructure of this species is limited to the extent that it is suitable for transfer in artificial epoxy resin surfaces. Such artificial surfaces were used in this study for closer frictional

Functionalized nanostructures for enhanced photocatalytic performance under solar light

• Liejin Guo,
• Dengwei Jing,
• Maochang Liu,
• Yubin Chen,
• Shaohua Shen,
• Jinwen Shi and
• Kai Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 994–1004, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.113

• a QE of 43% at 425 nm [72]. However, the low density of twin planes and the insufficient control of the crystal shape in these catalysts inspired us to further improve their photocatalytic efficiency by fabricating more effective junctions. Recently, we reported a twinned Cd0.5Zn0.5S anisotropic

Enhanced photocatalytic activity of Ag–ZnO hybrid plasmonic nanostructures prepared by a facile wet chemical method

• Sini Kuriakose,
• Vandana Choudhary,
• Biswarup Satpati and
• Satyabrata Mohapatra

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 639–650, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.75

• aggregates of ZnO nanoparticles of anisotropic shapes can be seen in the FESEM image (Figure 1a) of the pristine ZnO sample. Addition of citrate at 0.2 mM concentration resulted in an increased aggregation of the nanoparticles, as shown in Figure 1b. As the citrate concentration is increased to 10 mM, the

• (Figure 3a) of sample PZ, the presence of ZnO nanostructures of anisotropic shapes can be clearly seen. Higher magnification images revealed that these anisotropic nanostructures consist of smaller nanoparticles and are formed through aggregation. TEM images of AZ510 sample revealed the presence of

• anisotropic nanostructures decorated with nanoparticles. HRTEM study of these decorating nanoparticles confirmed them to be of Ag. Figure 4b shows the selected area diffraction (SAD) pattern from a region marked by a dotted circle. The SAD pattern shows concentric rings consisting of distinct spots, which is

Hole-mask colloidal nanolithography combined with tilted-angle-rotation evaporation: A versatile method for fabrication of low-cost and large-area complex plasmonic nanostructures and metamaterials

• Jun Zhao,
• Bettina Frank,
• Frank Neubrech,
• Chunjie Zhang,
• Paul V. Braun and
• Harald Giessen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 577–586, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.68

• = 13° and a polar rotation angle of φ = 100°. The gold thickness is about h = 30 nm and the resulting nanostructures have dimensions of about 200 nm × 150 nm. In fact, they represent very small SRRs with a slightly curved shape. Figure 5a demonstrates the anisotropic resonances, resulting in particle

In vitro toxicity and bioimaging studies of gold nanorods formulations coated with biofunctional thiol-PEG molecules and Pluronic block copolymers

• Tianxun Gong,
• Douglas Goh,
• Malini Olivo and
• Ken-Tye Yong

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 546–553, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.64

• group of CTAB molecules preferentially binds to specific crystallographic faces of gold. Thus the gold atoms are directed to deposit on selective faces of gold and attain anisotropic nanoparticles in the solution medium [6][28][29]. In this process, CTAB forms a tightly bound cationic bilayer on the

Encapsulation of nanoparticles into single-crystal ZnO nanorods and microrods

• Jinzhang Liu,
• Marco Notarianni,
• Llew Rintoul and
• Nunzio Motta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 485–493, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.56

• ; Introduction Anisotropic growth of compound semiconductors with wurtzite crystal structure normally leads to the formation of one-dimensional (1D) structures. A typical example is ZnO that, in its wurtzite form, has the fastest growth rate over the <0001> face and has been extensively studied in terms of